European Skeptics Congresses (ESCs) – a series of congresses now supported by the European Council of Skeptical Organisations (ECSO), in which skeptical organisations from many different European countries participate. They have been held ever since 1989. The conferences are often held in the month of September, and may last from two up to four days. The ECSO was formed at the 6th ESC on 25 September 1994 in Ostend, Belgium. Since its foundation, the ECSO co-ordinates in the organisation of new ESCs that take place (on average) every other year, and is hosted by a different member organisation each time. Skeptical organisations that are non-ECSO members may also send their delegations. Past ESCs are enumerated below.[1][2]
Leo Igwe – "Robber Goat", "Bird Woman" and "Cat Woman": How Religion is Hampering Scientific Thinking in Africa[28]
Marcin Rotkiewicz – Rational Thinking vs. Moral Disgust: Why the Discussion about GMOs Is So Hard and the Scientific Evidence Is Unable to Convince the Public[29]
Mariusz Błochowiak – Rational justification for the existence of the devil and the exorcism[30]
Mark Lynas – Why anti-GMO activists are the new climate deniers[31]
^"Earlier European skeptic events". HSS website. from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
^"European Skeptic Congress and ECSO Events". Lanyrd. from the original on 23 July 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
^Michels, Hans (1990). "Over de frontlijn. De European Skeptics Conference 1990". Skepter (in Dutch). Stichting Skepsis. 3 (4): 30–31.
^Hulspas, Marcel (December 1991). "Van APE-mensen tot wijntherapie. Het derde Euroskeptics Congres". Skepter (in Dutch). Stichting Skepsis. 4 (4): 30–31.
^Koene, Bart; Nanninga, Rob (September 1992). "Quali prove? Het vierde EuroSkeptics congres". Skepter (in Dutch). Stichting Skepsis. 5 (3): 1–3.
^Poley, Stephen (December 1994). "Bijeen in Oostende. Het zesde EuroSkeptics congres". Skepter (in Dutch). Stichting Skepsis. 7 (4): 8–10.
^de Jager, Kees (December 1994). "Een Europese Skeptische organisatie". Skepter (in Dutch). Stichting Skepsis. 7 (4): 11.
^Ted de Hoog (6 October 1999). "Sceptici aller landen..." De Groene Amsterdammer (in Dutch). from the original on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
^Mahner, Martin (February 2002). "10th European Skeptics Congress: Rise and Development of Paranormal Beliefs in Eastern Europe". Skeptical Inquirer. CSICOP. 26 (1). from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
^"European Skeptics Congress 2005". University of Hasselt. 11 October 2005. from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
^"13th Congress of the European Council of Skeptical Organisations (ECSO)". ISS website. 2007. from the original on 19 April 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
^Shane Hegarty (7 September 2007). "Surely it's not the sceptics?". The Irish Times.
^Agnes Tieben (27 May 2013). "15th European Skeptics congress, 23–25 augustus 2013, Stockholm, Sweden" (in Dutch). Klopt Dat Wel?. from the original on 19 April 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
^Frazier, Kendrick (16 September 2013). "Three Days of Science and Skepticism in Stockholm". CSI website. Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. from the original on 14 December 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
^"Congress – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. Archived from the original on 2017-07-20. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Speakers – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-07-20. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^. ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. Archived from the original on 2017-09-13. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Diego Fontanive – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-08-02. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Eran Segev – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
^"Gerald Ostdiek – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
^. ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. Archived from the original on 2017-07-19. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Jakub Kroulik – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"James "The Amazing" Randi – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Konrad Szolajski – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^. ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Leo Igwe – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Marcin Rotkiewicz – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Mariusz Błochowiak – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Mark Lynas – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Massimo Polidoro – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Ovidiu Covaciu – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Petr Jan Vinš – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
^"Scott Lilienfeld – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Sophie Vanthournout – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Susan Blackmore – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Susan Gerbic – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-07-05. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Tomáš Moravec – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
^"Zbynek Vybiral – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Workshops for the Public – European Skeptics Congress". ESC Wrocław. 17th European Skeptics Congress. from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^"Speakers". European Skeptics Congress 2019. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
^Klingenberg, Claire. "European Skeptics Congress 2022". European Skeptics. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
External linksEdit
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European Skeptics Congresses ESCs a series of congresses now supported by the European Council of Skeptical Organisations ECSO in which skeptical organisations from many different European countries participate They have been held ever since 1989 The conferences are often held in the month of September and may last from two up to four days The ECSO was formed at the 6th ESC on 25 September 1994 in Ostend Belgium Since its foundation the ECSO co ordinates in the organisation of new ESCs that take place on average every other year and is hosted by a different member organisation each time Skeptical organisations that are non ECSO members may also send their delegations Past ESCs are enumerated below 1 2 Contents 1 ESC 1 Germany 1989 2 ESC 2 Belgium 1990 3 ESC 3 Netherlands 1991 4 ESC 4 Italy 1992 5 ESC 5 United Kingdom 1993 6 ESC 6 Belgium 1994 7 ESC 7 Germany 1995 8 ESC 8 Spain 1997 9 ESC 9 Netherlands 1999 10 ESC 10 Czech Republic 2001 11 ESC 11 United Kingdom 2003 12 ESC 12 Belgium 2005 13 ESC 13 Ireland 2007 14 ESC 14 Hungary 2010 15 ESC 15 Sweden 2013 16 ESC 16 United Kingdom 2015 17 ESC 17 Poland 2017 18 ESC 18 Belgium 2019 19 ESC 19 Austria 2022 20 See also 21 References 22 External linksESC 1 Germany 1989 EditDate 5 7 MayPlace Bad TolzESC 2 Belgium 1990 EditDate 10 11 August 3 Place BrusselsESC 3 Netherlands 1991 EditDate 4 5 October 4 Place AmsterdamESC 4 Italy 1992 EditDate 17 19 July 5 Place Saint VincentESC 5 United Kingdom 1993 EditDate 29 31 AugustPlace KeeleTheme Science for Life Health Medicine and Well Being Organised by the UK Skeptics ESC 6 Belgium 1994 EditDate 23 25 SeptemberPlace OstendTheme Science Pseudoscience and the Environment 6 During this congress the European Council of Skeptical Organisations was formed 7 ESC 7 Germany 1995 EditDate 4 7 MayPlace RossdorfESC 8 Spain 1997 EditDate 4 7 SeptemberPlace A CorunaESC 9 Netherlands 1999 EditDate 17 19 SeptemberPlace MaastrichtHosted by Stichting Skepsis 8 ESC 10 Czech Republic 2001 EditDate 7 9 SeptemberPlace PragueTheme Rise and Development of Paranormal Beliefs in Eastern Europe 9 ESC 11 United Kingdom 2003 EditDate 5 7 SeptemberPlace London nbsp ECSO Board and CSICOP members meeting at the 11th European Skeptics Congress in LondonESC 12 Belgium 2005 EditDate 13 15 OctoberPlace BrusselsTheme Pseudoscience Alternative Medicine and the Media 10 ESC 13 Ireland 2007 EditDate 7 9 SeptemberPlace DublinTheme The Assault on Science Constructing a Response 11 100 attendees 12 ESC 14 Hungary 2010 EditDate 17 19 SeptemberPlace Budapest 13 nbsp Speakers at the 14th European Skeptics Congress in Budapest Front row from left to right Chris French J Beth Ciesielski Michael Heap Gyorgy Kampis Amardeo Sarma Istvan Vago Klara Sandor Massimo Polidoro Ivan Almar Luigi Garlaschelli Back row from left to right Gergely Rost Andy Wilson Wim Betz Tomasz Witkowski Attila Nyerges Maciej Zatonski Simon Singh Gerald de Jong Klaus Schmeh Joe Nickell ESC 15 Sweden 2013 EditDate 22 25 AugustPlace StockholmTheme ESCape to Clarity 14 15 nbsp Tomasz Witkowski lecturing at the 15th European Skeptics Congress 2013ESC 16 United Kingdom 2015 EditDate 10 13 SeptemberPlace LondonOrganised by Association for Skeptical Enquiry and Anomalistic Psychology Research Unit 16 nbsp Meeting of the representatives of ECSO member organisations at the European Skeptics Congress 2015 in LondonESC 17 Poland 2017 Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to European Skeptics Congress 2017 Date 22 24 SeptemberPlace Wroclaw nbsp Everyone gathered on stage at the 17th Congress Organised by Klub Sceptykow Polskich and Cesky klub skeptiku Sisyfos 17 The speakers 18 Deborah Hyde The Restless Ghost of Wroclaw 19 Diego Fontanive Meta Memetic Thinking and Skepticism as a Meme 20 Eran Segev The Secrets of an Effective Skeptical Organization 21 Gerald Ostdiek Believing in Biology The Religious Imagination of Living Things Including People 22 Holm Gero Hummler Relative Quantum Nonsense Don t be Fooled by False Physics 23 Jakub Kroulik Exorcism by Hypnosis 24 James Randi 25 Konrad Szolajski The Battle with Satan in Poland 26 Konrad Talmont Kaminski Cognition and the Science Religion Debate 27 Leo Igwe Robber Goat Bird Woman and Cat Woman How Religion is Hampering Scientific Thinking in Africa 28 Marcin Rotkiewicz Rational Thinking vs Moral Disgust Why the Discussion about GMOs Is So Hard and the Scientific Evidence Is Unable to Convince the Public 29 Mariusz Blochowiak Rational justification for the existence of the devil and the exorcism 30 Mark Lynas Why anti GMO activists are the new climate deniers 31 Massimo Polidoro An interview with James Randi 32 Ovidiu Covaciu How the Romanian anti vaccine movement threatens Europe 33 Petr Jan Vins A Priest s View 34 Scott Lilienfeld Tunnel Vision Confirmation Bias from Courtroom to Boardroom to Bedroom 35 Sofie Vanthournout Talking about Evidence in the Post Truth Era 36 Susan Blackmore Positive Scepticism The new science of out of body experiences 37 Susan Gerbic We Marched for Science Now What 38 Tomas Moravec How Rational are the Fears of GMOs 39 Zbynek Vybiral Why Psychology Is Not Only in a Replication Crisis 40 Recordings of speeches during the 17th European Skeptics Congress source source source source source source source Andras Gabor Pinter source source source source source source source Diego Fontanive source source source source source source Eran Segev source source source source source source Konrad Talmont Kaminski source source source source source source source Leo Igwe source source source source source source source Marcin Rotkiewicz source source source source source source Ovidiu Covaciu source source source source source source Petr Jan Vins source source source source source source source Scott Lilienfeld source source source source source source source Sofie Vanthournout source source source source source source Susan Gerbic source source source source source source Tomas Moravec There were also free workshops organised for the public 41 ESC 18 Belgium 2019 EditDate 30 August 1 SeptemberPlace Ghent Norbert Aust Informationsnetzwerk Homoopathie 42 Mathijs Beckers How skepticism helped me become pro nuclear Johan Braeckman Con men in the art world Vanessa Charland Near death experiences actual considerations Ovidiu Covaciu The antivaccination activists misinformation and the damage done Edzard Ernst The battle against SCAM Are we winning Farah Focqaert How con men operate Andre Fougeroux Is it still possible to rationally address modern agriculture Lieven Gheysen Aka Gili Michael Heap Anomalistic Psychology in the Classroom Inge Jeandarme Dealing with psychopathy Catherine de Jong Chairperson for the session The never ending struggle against quackery Michel Naud Science and decision towards restoring scientific integrity in policy making Jan Willem Nienhuys Descent into one s own illusion Geerdt Magiels Chairperson for the session on Anomalistic Psychology Christine Mohr When using magicians to study how paranormal beliefs come about Iida Ruishalme Energy and decarbonisation Amardeo Sarma Chairperson for the session on Green Skepticism Kavin Senapathy GMOs modern agriculture and the People Lukas Stalpers Vitamin B12 clinics An example of a hype that results in clinics with quackery Tim Trachet Chairperson for the session on 30 Years of European Skepticism Dirk Vogelaers Lyme disease An example of a real disease misused by quacks Wietse Wiels Co chairing the session The never ending struggle against quackery David Zaruk Reason has left the building How the emotional need for certainty and safety has handcuffed research and technology Sophie van der Zee How con men operate in cyberspaceESC 19 Austria 2022 EditDate 9 11 SeptemberPlace Billrothhaus Vienna 43 nbsp European Skeptics Congress 2022 nbsp European Skeptics Podcast members and Massimo Polidoro nbsp Matej Kucek Olivia Hurbanova Claire Klingenberg and Jakub Kroulik nbsp Holm Hummler Johannes Kopton Georg Steinhauser nbsp GWUP president Amardeo Sarma nbsp Franck Ramus nbsp Massimo Pigliucci nbsp Pontus Bockman and Stephen LawFlorian Aigner Why we can trust in Science David Badcock The future Rational European drug policies Pontus Bockman Chairperson for the session Skepticism in the Classroom Giulia Conforto Making science based decisions in politics Panel Katalin Cseh Making science based decisions in politics Panel Annika Harrison The Skeptical Movement in Europe Panel Alice Howarth The Skeptical Movement in Europe Panel Holm Hummler 5G mobile networks the conspiracy myths and what they really do Catherine de Jong Chairperson for the session Towards Rational European Drug Policies Gabor Kemenesi The strange relationship of humanity and pandemics in the 21st century Claire Klingenberg Chairperson for the session The Skeptical Movement in Europe Panel Johannes Kopton Natural or sustainable Agriculture Environmentalism at the Crossroads Peter Kreko The structure of pseudo scientific revolutions Stephen Law How to raise moral citizens Philippe Longchamps Teacher competence and the combat against misinformation Elisa Palazzi Communicating uncertainty in the science of climate change Kellie C Payne Making science based decisions in politics Panel Massimo Pigliucci Skepticism as a way of life Andras Gabor Pinter Chairperson for the session Making science based decisions in politics Panel Massimo Polidoro The Skeptical Movement in Europe Panel Claudia Preis Chairperson for Keynotes Why we can trust in Science and Skepticism as a way of life Jan Willem van Prooijen Belief in conspiracy theories during a pandemic Franck Ramus What is evidence based education Sergio Della Sala The reliable uncertainty of science Amardeo Sarma Chairperson for the session Conspiracy Theories Ulrike Schiesser Building bridges how to talk to conspiracy believers Anne Katrin Schlag The truth about drugs From misinformation to science Georg Steinhauser The hazards of radiationSee also EditList of skeptical conferences QED Question Explore Discover The Amaz ng Meeting TAM CSIConReferences Edit Earlier European skeptic events HSS website Archived from the original on 27 May 2014 Retrieved 21 May 2014 European Skeptic Congress and ECSO Events Lanyrd Archived from the original on 23 July 2014 Retrieved 22 May 2014 Michels Hans 1990 Over de frontlijn De European Skeptics Conference 1990 Skepter in Dutch Stichting Skepsis 3 4 30 31 Hulspas Marcel December 1991 Van APE mensen tot wijntherapie Het derde Euroskeptics Congres Skepter in Dutch Stichting Skepsis 4 4 30 31 Koene Bart Nanninga Rob September 1992 Quali prove Het vierde EuroSkeptics congres Skepter in Dutch Stichting Skepsis 5 3 1 3 Poley Stephen December 1994 Bijeen in Oostende Het zesde EuroSkeptics congres Skepter in Dutch Stichting Skepsis 7 4 8 10 de Jager Kees December 1994 Een Europese Skeptische organisatie Skepter in Dutch Stichting Skepsis 7 4 11 Ted de Hoog 6 October 1999 Sceptici aller landen De Groene Amsterdammer in Dutch Archived from the original on 19 May 2016 Retrieved 24 August 2014 Mahner Martin February 2002 10th European Skeptics Congress Rise and Development of Paranormal Beliefs in Eastern Europe Skeptical Inquirer CSICOP 26 1 Archived from the original on 28 May 2014 Retrieved 23 May 2014 European Skeptics Congress 2005 University of Hasselt 11 October 2005 Archived from the original on 28 May 2014 Retrieved 30 July 2014 13th Congress of the European Council of Skeptical Organisations ECSO ISS website 2007 Archived from the original on 19 April 2015 Retrieved 23 May 2014 Shane Hegarty 7 September 2007 Surely it s not the sceptics The Irish Times Hall Mike Marshall Michael Harris Colin 23 September 2010 Skeptics with a K Episode 031 podcast Skeptics with a K Episode 31 Merseyside Skeptics Society Archived from the original on 8 February 2014 Retrieved 25 August 2014 Agnes Tieben 27 May 2013 15th European Skeptics congress 23 25 augustus 2013 Stockholm Sweden in Dutch Klopt Dat Wel Archived from the original on 19 April 2015 Retrieved 23 May 2014 Frazier Kendrick 16 September 2013 Three Days of Science and Skepticism in Stockholm CSI website Committee for Skeptical Inquiry Archived from the original on 14 December 2014 Retrieved 25 August 2014 European Skeptics Congress Archived 2014 05 18 at the Wayback Machine Congress European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 07 20 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Speakers European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 07 20 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Deborah Hyde European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 13 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Diego Fontanive European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 08 02 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Eran Segev European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 09 18 Gerald Ostdiek European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 09 18 Holm Gero Hummler European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 07 19 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Jakub Kroulik European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 James The Amazing Randi European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Konrad Szolajski European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Konrad Talmont Kaminski European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Leo Igwe European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Marcin Rotkiewicz European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Mariusz Blochowiak European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Mark Lynas European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Massimo Polidoro European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Ovidiu Covaciu European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Petr Jan Vins European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 09 18 Scott Lilienfeld European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Sophie Vanthournout European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Susan Blackmore European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Susan Gerbic European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 07 05 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Tomas Moravec European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 09 18 Zbynek Vybiral European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Workshops for the Public European Skeptics Congress ESC Wroclaw 17th European Skeptics Congress Archived from the original on 2017 09 18 Retrieved 2017 07 20 Speakers European Skeptics Congress 2019 Retrieved 2019 08 30 Klingenberg Claire European Skeptics Congress 2022 European Skeptics Retrieved 2022 07 17 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to ECSO Official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title European Skeptics Congress amp oldid 1113178821, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
