European Gendarmerie Force
The European Gendarmerie Force (EUROGENDFOR) is a European rapid reaction force composed of elements of several European police and gendarmerie forces. EUROGENDFOR is tasked with performing policing tasks within the scope of crisis management operations.[2][3]
| European Gendarmerie Force | |
|---|---|
Coat of arms | |
| Active | 2006–present |
| Country | |
| Allegiance | European Union[a] |
| Type | Gendarmerie force |
| Size | ~ 800 |
| Motto(s) | "Lex paciferat" (Latin) "The law will bring peace" |
| Colours | Blue[1] |
| Website | eurogendfor.org |
| Insignia | |
| Flag | |
It was launched by an agreement in 2006 between five member states of the European Union (EU): France, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. Romania joined in 2009; Poland in 2011.[4] Its status is enshrined in the Treaty of Velsen of 18 October 2007.[5] The headquarters are located in Vicenza, Italy.
It is presently not established at the EU level (referred to as the Common Security and Defence Policy, CSDP); it is for instance not a project of the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) of the CSDP. It may however contribute in the implementation of the CSDP, when made available as a multinational force in accordance with article 42.3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU).
History edit
The French Defence Minister Michèle Alliot-Marie first proposed the force in September 2003. Alliot-Marie and the Italian Defense Minister Antonio Martino presented the idea at the Meeting of European Union Defense Ministers in October 2003. The implementation agreement was finally signed by defence ministers of the five participating countries on 17 September 2004 in Noordwijk, Netherlands. On 23 January 2006, the EGF was officially inaugurated during a military ceremony in the Gen. Chinotto barracks in Vicenza.
EUROGENDFOR was declared fully operational on 20 July 2006, following the High Level Interministerial meeting in Madrid, Spain, and its second successful Command Post exercise (CPX), which took place between 19 and 28 April 2006. The first CPX was held at the National Gendarmerie Training Center in Saint Astier, France in June 2005.
After Romania's accession to the European Union, the Romanian Gendarmerie sought permanent observer status with the European Gendarmerie Force, as a first step towards full membership.[6] On March 3, 2009, the Romanian Gendarmerie became a full member of the European Gendarmerie Force.[7]
The Polish Military Gendarmerie was originally a partner force and, on 10 October 2006, Poland indicated it would like to join the EGF.[8] In December 2011, Poland applied for full membership in EGF,[9] which was granted in 2011.[4]
Missions edit
This section needs to be updated. (January 2022) |
Since December 2009, the EGF has taken part in the NATO International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) training operation of the Afghan National Police (ANP) in the War in Afghanistan. As of June 2010, 276 members of the EGF (among which 124 French gendarmes), from France, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, Romania and Portugal are training the Afghan National Civil Order Police (ANCOP) officers and non-commissioned officers, while the initial mission was planned to be around 400 to 500 men.[10] They are training them in ANCOP training centers but are also accompanying, advising and helping them during their missions in P-OMLT (Police Operational Mentoring and Liaison Teams),[11][12] where their military experience (even if the mission is strictly speaking, civilian) will be useful. As of May 2010, it had trained 50 officers and 250 non-commissioned officers of the ANCOP, and the then French Minister of Defense Brice Hortefeux announced that 40 more French gendarmes would be sent to help this mission.[13]
In early 2010, the EGF was deployed to Haiti to help with post-relief security efforts.[14]
Structure edit
EUROGENDFOR is based in Vicenza, in northeastern Italy, and has a core of 800 to 900 members ready to deploy within 30 days.
An additional 2,300 reinforcements are available on standby.
Commanders edit
| No. | Portrait | Name | Term of office | Country | Ref. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| 1 | Brigadier general Gerard Deanaz | 25 January 2005 | 26 June 2007 | 2 years, 152 days | France | [15] | |
| 2 | Colonel Giovanni Truglio (born 1959) | 26 June 2007 | 25 June 2009 | 1 year, 364 days | Italy | [15] | |
| 3 | Colonel Jorge Estéves | 25 June 2009 | 28 June 2011 | 2 years, 3 days | Portugal | [15] | |
| 4 | Colonel Cornelis Kuijs | 28 June 2011 | 28 June 2013 | 2 years, 0 days | Netherlands | [15] | |
| 5 | Colonel Francisco Esteban Pérez | 28 June 2011 | 26 June 2015 | 3 years, 363 days | Spain | [15] | |
| 6 | Brigadier general Philippe Rio | 26 June 2015 | 27 June 2017 | 2 years, 1 day | France | [15] | |
| 7 | Colonel Lucian Gavrilă | 28 June 2017 | 27 June 2019 | 1 year, 364 days | Romania | [15] | |
| 8 | Colonel Giuseppe Zirone | 28 June 2019 | 24 June 2021 | 1 year, 361 days | Italy | [15] | |
| 9 | Colonel Paulo Jorge Macedo Gonçalves (born 1970) | 25 June 2021 | 27 June 2023 | 2 years, 2 days | Portugal | [15] | |
| 10 | Colonel Hans Vroegh (born 1964) | 28 June 2023 | Incumbent | 230 days | Netherlands | [16] | |
Members edit
The treaty allows for any EU member state to become a European Gendarmerie Force member state, subject to the approval of existing European Gendarmerie Force members.[5] The member forces are:[17][18]
| EU Member State | Institution |
|---|---|
| France | National Gendarmerie |
| Italy | Carabinieri |
| Netherlands | Royal Marechaussee |
| Poland | Military Gendarmerie |
| Portugal | National Republican Guard |
| Romania | Gendarmerie |
| Spain | Civil Guard |
Germany does not take part, as its constitution does not permit the use of military forces for police services. In 2004, Peter Struck, Minister of Defense at the time, clarified that the legal foundation for militarised police forces is different from the expectations underlying the EGF.[19] The paramilitary Bereitschaftspolizei units of the Länder states have no standing patrol order like the German Federal Police. Germany did not sign the Treaty of Velsen on the EGF or any subsequent accord.[20] Instead, there is a tight integration of police forces based on the Prüm Treaty. Originally the Prüm Treaty regulated access to police databases of neighboring countries but it was used multiple times as the legal foundation to exchange riot police equipment and personnel with the participating countries (Germany, Spain, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Austria, and Belgium). In 2008 the Prüm Treaty was naturalised as EU law, allowing countries access to police forces regulated under EU law (based on the Schengen Agreement). The European Police Forces Training of 2009 (EUPFT 2009) was run in Vicenza (home of EGF headquarters) and the EUPFT 2010 on anti-riot tactics was run in Lehnin in Germany.[21][22]
Partners edit
| EU Member State | Institution |
|---|---|
| Lithuania | Public Security Service[23] |
Observers edit
| State | Institution |
|---|---|
| Turkey | Gendarmerie General Command[24] |
Relationship with EU defence policy edit
The EGF has been widely misrepresented, notably with regard to its general purpose and specific relationship to the EU.[3] The EGF is not an EU body, and has no power to intervene on the soil of the EU and its Member States, including the EGF countries.[3]
The EGF is presently not established at the EU level (referred to as the Common Security and Defence Policy, CSDP); it is for instance not a project of the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) of the CSDP. The EGF may however contribute in the implementation of the CSDP, when made available as a multinational force in accordance with article 42.3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU).
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ The corps is made avalilable to the Common Security and Defence Policy in accordance with TEU, Article 42.3.
References edit
- ^ "Logo and Symbols".
- ^ http://www.fiep.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/E-reader-FIEP-Seminarbook.pdf[bare URL PDF]
- ^ a b c Arcudi, Giovanni; Smith, Michael E. (2013). "The European Gendarmerie Force: A solution in search of problems?". European Security. 22: 1–20. doi:10.1080/09662839.2012.747511. S2CID 153388488.
- ^ a b . Żandarmeria Wojskowa. Archived from the original on 2016-04-24. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
- ^ a b Eurogendfor.org, Treaty establishing the European Gendarmerie Force 2016-05-18 at the Wayback Machine, accessed on January 24, 2014
- ^ (in Romanian) Politica europeană - Forţa de Jandarmerie Europeană (European Policy - European Gendarmerie Force) 2007-08-30 at the Wayback Machine, Romanian Gendarmerie website, accessed on January 22, 2009
- ^ Eurogendfor.eu, EGF News, accessed on March 23, 2009
- ^ "People's Daily Online -- Poland expresses readiness to join European Gendarmerie Force".
- ^ Rydzyk, made by Marcin Kuhiwczak & Piotr Makuracki (2010). Archived from the original on 2014-12-25. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
- ^ (in French) Des gendarmes picards bientôt en Afghanistan 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine, Nord Éclair, 12 June 2009
- ^ http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/13/cr-cafe/09-10/c0910077.asp (French) report from the commission on Foreign matters of the French Parliament
- ^ http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_la_une/toute_l_actualite/affaires-europeennes/gendarmes-en-afghanistan/view 2011-12-02 at the Wayback Machine (French), "Gendarmes in Afghanistan", French Internals affairs Ministry website
- ^ http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_la_une/toute_l_actualite/affaires-europeennes/deplacement-afghanistan/view 2011-12-01 at the Wayback Machine (French) "Brice Hortefeux honours the contribution of French policemen and gendarmes to the Afghan police training", French Internals affairs Ministry website
- ^ . euronews. 2010-01-25. Archived from the original on 2012-01-26. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Former EUROGENDFOR Commanders". eurogendfor.org. EUROGENDFOR. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ "Commander". eurogendfor.org. EUROGENDFOR. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ^ . European Gendarmerie Force. Archived from the original on 2014-01-01. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
- ^ "Treaty between the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, the Italian Republic, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Portuguese Republic, establishing the European Gendarmerie Force EUROGENDFOR". Government of the Netherlands. Retrieved 2018-05-23.
- ^ "Des gendarmes européens en renfort", 17/09/2004
- ^ DerStandard.at, Welche Befugnisse hat die Europäische Gendarmerietruppe?, accessed on February 20, 2016
- ^ "Von Vicenza nach Lehnin" 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine, Bundespolizei kompakt (German federal police journal), February 2010
- ^ Monroy, Matthias. "Bundespolizei lädt zum Häuserkampf".
- ^ "Partners". European Gendarmerie Force. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
- ^ . European Gendarmerie Force. Archived from the original on 2014-01-01. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
External links edit
- Official website