Potter wasps (or mason wasps), the Eumeninae, are a cosmopolitanwasp group presently treated as a subfamily of Vespidae, but sometimes recognized in the past as a separate family, Eumenidae.
Partial dorsal view of the thorax of Cephalastor estela showing the position of tegulae and parategulae relative to the mesoscutum and pronotum
Most eumenine species are black or brown, and commonly marked with strikingly contrasting patterns of yellow, white, orange, or red (or combinations thereof), but some species, mostly from tropical regions, show faint to strong blue or green metallic highlights in the background colors. Like most vespids, their wings are folded longitudinally at rest. They are particularly recognized by the following combination of characteristics:
a posterolateral projection known as a parategula on both sides of the mesoscutum;
tarsal claws cleft;
hind coxae with a longitudinal dorsal carina or folding, often developed into a lobe or tooth, and;
fore wings with three submarginal cells.
Biologyedit
A potter wasp nest on a brick wall in coastal South Carolina
Eumenine wasps are diverse in nest building. The different species may either use existing cavities (such as beetle tunnels in wood, abandoned nests of other Hymenoptera, or even man-made holes like old nail holes and screw shafts on electronic devices) that they modify in several degrees, or they construct their own either underground or exposed nests. The nest may have one or several individual brood cells. The most widely used building material is mud made of a mixture of soil and regurgitated water, but many species use chewed plant material, instead.
The name "potter wasp" derives from the shape of the mud nests built by species of Eumenes and similar genera. It is believed that Native Americans based their pottery designs upon the form of local potter wasp nests.[2]
All known eumenine species are predators, most of them solitary mass provisioners, though some isolated species show primitive states of social behaviour and progressive provisioning.
Potter wasp building a nest
When a cell is completed, the adult wasp typically collects beetlelarvae, spiders, or caterpillars and, paralyzing them, places them in the cell to serve as food for a single wasp larva. For example, Euodynerus foraminatus paralyzes the larvae of the poison hemlock moth (A. alstroemeriana).[3] As a normal rule, the adult wasp lays a single egg in the empty cell before provisioning it. Some species lay the egg in the opening of the cell, suspended from a thread of dried fluid. When the wasp larva hatches, it drops and starts to feed upon the supplied prey for a few weeks before pupating. The complete lifecycle may last from a few weeks to more than a year from the egg until the adult emerges. Adult potter wasps feed on floral nectar.
Potter wasps are the most diverse subfamily of vespids, with almost 200 genera, and contain the vast majority of species in the family (nearly 3,000 species from a total of about 4,500 in the whole family). The overwhelming morphological diversity of the potter wasp species is reflected in the proliferation of genera described to group them into more manageable groups. The subfamily Zethinae was formerly included here, but was removed when it was recognized that it rendered Eumeninae paraphyletic.[4]
^von Frisch, Karl (1974). Animal Architecture. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 55. ISBN9780151072514.
^McKenna, D.D.; Zangerl, A.R.; Berenbaum, M.R. (2001). "A native Hymenopteran predator of Agonopterix alstroemeriana (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) in east-central Illinois". Great Lakes Entomologist. Michigan Entomological Society. 34: 71–75 – via CAB Direct.
^PK Piekarski, JM Carpenter, AR Lemmon, E Moriarty-Lemmon, BJ Sharanowski (2018) Phylogenomic Evidence Overturns Current Conceptions of Social Evolution in Wasps (Vespidae). Molecular Biology and Evolution. doi:10.1093/molbev/msy124
James M. Carpenter (1986). "A synonymic generic checklist of the Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)" (PDF). Psyche. 93 (1–2): 61–90. doi:10.1155/1986/12489.
Carpenter, J. M. & B. R. Garcete-Barrett. 2003. A key to the neotropical genera of Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay 14: 52–73.
Giordani Soika, 1989. Terzo contributo alla conoscenza degli eumenidi afrotropicali (Hymenoptera). Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali Lavori 14(1) 1989: 19–68.
Giordani Soika, A. 1992. Di alcuni eumenidi nuovi o poco noti (Hymenoptera Vespoidea). Societá Veneziana di Scienze Naturali Lavori 17 1992: 41–68.
Giordani Soika, A. 1993. Di alcuni nuovi eumenidi della regione orientale (Hym. Vespoidea). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 42, 30 giugno 1991(1993): 151–163.
Gusenleitner. 1992. Zwei neue Eumeniden-Gattungen und -Arten aus Madagaskar (Vespoidea, Hymenoptera). Linzer Biologische Beiträge 24(1) 1992: 91–96.
CSIRO Entomology Division. 1991. The Insects of Australia: a textbook for Students and Research. 2nd Edition. Melbourne University Press and Cornell University Press. 1137 pp.
Saussure, Henri de. 1852. Monographie des guêpes solitaires ou de la tribu des Euméniens. Genève, J. Cherbuliez, Paris, V. Masson.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eumeninae.
Eumenes spp., potter wasps of Florida on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
Vespidae: Potter wasps; Vespid wasps; Social wasps; Hornets; Paper wasps; Yellowjackets
Subfamily Eumeninae - Potter and Mason Wasps
December 18, 2023
potter, wasp, mason, wasps, eumeninae, cosmopolitan, wasp, group, presently, treated, subfamily, vespidae, sometimes, recognized, past, separate, family, eumenidae, ancistrocerus, species, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, animaliaphylum, art. Potter wasps or mason wasps the Eumeninae are a cosmopolitan wasp group presently treated as a subfamily of Vespidae but sometimes recognized in the past as a separate family Eumenidae Potter waspAncistrocerus species 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder HymenopteraFamily VespidaeSubfamily EumeninaeDiversityAlmost 200 genera and 3000 species Contents 1 Recognition 2 Biology 3 Taxonomy 4 Gallery 5 References 6 External linksRecognition edit nbsp Partial dorsal view of the thorax of Cephalastor estela showing the position of tegulae and parategulae relative to the mesoscutum and pronotumMost eumenine species are black or brown and commonly marked with strikingly contrasting patterns of yellow white orange or red or combinations thereof but some species mostly from tropical regions show faint to strong blue or green metallic highlights in the background colors Like most vespids their wings are folded longitudinally at rest They are particularly recognized by the following combination of characteristics a posterolateral projection known as a parategula on both sides of the mesoscutum tarsal claws cleft hind coxae with a longitudinal dorsal carina or folding often developed into a lobe or tooth and fore wings with three submarginal cells Biology edit nbsp A potter wasp nest on a brick wall in coastal South CarolinaEumenine wasps are diverse in nest building The different species may either use existing cavities such as beetle tunnels in wood abandoned nests of other Hymenoptera or even man made holes like old nail holes and screw shafts on electronic devices that they modify in several degrees or they construct their own either underground or exposed nests The nest may have one or several individual brood cells The most widely used building material is mud made of a mixture of soil and regurgitated water but many species use chewed plant material instead The name potter wasp derives from the shape of the mud nests built by species of Eumenes and similar genera It is believed that Native Americans based their pottery designs upon the form of local potter wasp nests 2 All known eumenine species are predators most of them solitary mass provisioners though some isolated species show primitive states of social behaviour and progressive provisioning nbsp Potter wasp building a nestWhen a cell is completed the adult wasp typically collects beetle larvae spiders or caterpillars and paralyzing them places them in the cell to serve as food for a single wasp larva For example Euodynerus foraminatus paralyzes the larvae of the poison hemlock moth A alstroemeriana 3 As a normal rule the adult wasp lays a single egg in the empty cell before provisioning it Some species lay the egg in the opening of the cell suspended from a thread of dried fluid When the wasp larva hatches it drops and starts to feed upon the supplied prey for a few weeks before pupating The complete lifecycle may last from a few weeks to more than a year from the egg until the adult emerges Adult potter wasps feed on floral nectar Taxonomy editMain article List of potter wasp genera Potter wasps are the most diverse subfamily of vespids with almost 200 genera and contain the vast majority of species in the family nearly 3 000 species from a total of about 4 500 in the whole family The overwhelming morphological diversity of the potter wasp species is reflected in the proliferation of genera described to group them into more manageable groups The subfamily Zethinae was formerly included here but was removed when it was recognized that it rendered Eumeninae paraphyletic 4 Gallery edit nbsp nbsp nbsp Eumenes pomiformis nbsp nbsp Potter wasp nests Springdale AR nbsp Pseudodynerus quadrisectus nest built in a hole bored by a carpenter bee nbsp Phimenes flavopictus nectaring nbsp Phimenes flavopictus nbsp Phimenes flavopictus building nestReferences edit Cirrus Digital Potter Wasp and Mud Pot Nest von Frisch Karl 1974 Animal Architecture New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich p 55 ISBN 9780151072514 McKenna D D Zangerl A R Berenbaum M R 2001 A native Hymenopteran predator of Agonopterix alstroemeriana Lepidoptera Oecophoridae in east central Illinois Great Lakes Entomologist Michigan Entomological Society 34 71 75 via CAB Direct PK Piekarski JM Carpenter AR Lemmon E Moriarty Lemmon BJ Sharanowski 2018 Phylogenomic Evidence Overturns Current Conceptions of Social Evolution in Wasps Vespidae Molecular Biology and Evolution doi 10 1093 molbev msy124 James M Carpenter 1986 A synonymic generic checklist of the Eumeninae Hymenoptera Vespidae PDF Psyche 93 1 2 61 90 doi 10 1155 1986 12489 Carpenter J M amp B R Garcete Barrett 2003 A key to the neotropical genera of Eumeninae Hymenoptera Vespidae Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay 14 52 73 Giordani Soika 1989 Terzo contributo alla conoscenza degli eumenidi afrotropicali Hymenoptera Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali Lavori 14 1 1989 19 68 Giordani Soika A 1992 Di alcuni eumenidi nuovi o poco noti Hymenoptera Vespoidea Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali Lavori 17 1992 41 68 Giordani Soika A 1993 Di alcuni nuovi eumenidi della regione orientale Hym Vespoidea Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 42 30 giugno 1991 1993 151 163 Gusenleitner 1992 Zwei neue Eumeniden Gattungen und Arten aus Madagaskar Vespoidea Hymenoptera Linzer Biologische Beitrage 24 1 1992 91 96 CSIRO Entomology Division 1991 The Insects of Australia a textbook for Students and Research 2nd Edition Melbourne University Press and Cornell University Press 1137 pp Saussure Henri de 1852 Monographie des guepes solitaires ou de la tribu des Eumeniens Geneve J Cherbuliez Paris V Masson External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eumeninae Eumenes spp potter wasps of Florida on the UF IFAS Featured Creatures Web site Vespidae Potter wasps Vespid wasps Social wasps Hornets Paper wasps Yellowjackets Subfamily Eumeninae Potter and Mason Wasps Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Potter wasp amp oldid 1189014506, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
