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E. M. Antoniadi

January 02, 2023

"Antoniadi" redirects here. For other uses, see Antoniadi (disambiguation).

Eugène Michel Antoniadi (Greek: Ευγένιος Αντωνιάδης; 1 March 1870 – 10 February 1944) was a Greek-French astronomer.

Eugène Michel Antoniadi
Eugène Michel Antoniadi
Born(1870-03-01)1 March 1870
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Died10 February 1944(1944-02-10) (aged 73)
Paris, France
NationalityGreek-French
OccupationAstronomer
Years active1893–1944
Known forMaps of Mars and Mercury
Notable workLa planète Mars, 1659-1929

Biography

Antoniadi was born in Istanbul (Constantinople) but spent most of his adult life in France, after being invited there by Camille Flammarion.[1]

He became a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society on 10 February 1899, and in 1890 he became one of the founding members of the British Astronomical Association (BAA). In 1892, he joined the BAA's Mars Section and became that section's Director in 1896.[2]

He became a member of the Société astronomique de France (SAF) in 1891.[3]

Flammarion hired Antoniadi to work as an assistant astronomer in his private observatory in Juvisy-sur-Orge in 1893.[4] Antoniadi worked there for nine years. In 1902, he resigned from both the Juvisy observatory and from SAF.[2]

Antoniadi rejoined SAF in 1909. That same year, Henri Deslandres, Director of the Meudon Observeratory, provided him with access to the Grande Lunette (83-cm Great Refractor) [5]

He became a highly reputed observer of Mars, and at first supported the notion of Martian canals, but after using the 83 centimeter telescope at Meudon Observatory during the 1909 opposition of Mars, he came to the conclusion that canals were an optical illusion. He also observed Venus and Mercury.

 
Antoniadi's 1934 map of Mercury

He made the first map of Mercury, but his maps were flawed by his incorrect assumption that Mercury had synchronous rotation with the Sun.[1] The first standard nomenclature for Martian albedo features was introduced by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) when they adopted 128 names from the 1929 map of Antoniadi named La Planète Mars.[6]

He is also famed for creating the Antoniadi scale of seeing, which is commonly used by amateur astronomers. He was also a strong chess player. His best result was equal first with Frank Marshall in a tournament in Paris in 1907, a point ahead of Savielly Tartakower.

He died in Paris, aged almost 74.

Name

His full name was Eugène Michel Antoniadi (Greek: Ευγένιος Μιχαήλ Αντωνιάδης, romanized: Evgénios Michaíl Antoniádis), however he was also known as Eugenios Antoniadis. His name is also sometimes given as Eugène Michael Antoniadi or even (incorrectly) as Eugène Marie Antoniadi.

Awards and honors

Publications

Antoniadi was a prolific writer of articles and books (the Astrophysics Data System lists nearly 230 that he authored or co-authored).[11] The subjects included astronomy, history, and architecture. He frequently wrote articles for L'Astronomie of the Société astronomique de France, Astronomische Nachrichten, and the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, among others.

Notable works include:

  • Sur une Anomalie de la phase dichotome de la planète Vénus (Paris: Gauthier-Villars, (s. d.)).[12]
  • La planète Mars, 1659-1929 (Paris: Hermann & Cie, 1930).[13]
  • La Planète Mercure et la rotation des satellites. Etude basée sur les résultats obtenus avec la grande lunette de l'observatoire de Meudon (Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1934).[14]

References

  1. ^ a b Hockey, Thomas (2009). "Antoniadi, Eugène Michael". The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer Publishing. pp. 83–85. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9917-7_58. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0.
  2. ^ a b McKim, R. J. “The life and times of E.M. Antoniadi, 1870-1944. Part I: an astronomer in the making.” Journal of the British Astronomical Association 1993, vol. 103, no. 4, pp. 164-170.
  3. ^ Bulletin de la Société Astronomique de France 1896, p. 415.
  4. ^ a b c d "Antoniadi, Eugène Michel - Archives," cote Ms 1138, Bibliothèque de l'Observatoire de Paris - site de Paris (France), Alidade database, consulted 16 March 2018.
  5. ^ McKim, Richard J. “The life and times of E.M. Antoniadi, 1870-1944. Part II: The Meudon years.” Journal of the British Astronomical Association 1993, vol. 103, no. 5, pp. 219-227.
  6. ^ Shirley, James H.; Fairbridge, Rhodes Whitmore (1997). "Nomenclature". Encyclopedia of planetary sciences. Springer. pp. 543–550. ISBN 978-0-412-06951-2.
  7. ^ "Antoniadi". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. NASA. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  8. ^ McKim, R. J. (August 1993). "The life and times of E.M. Antoniadi, 1870-1944. Part I: an astronomer in the making". Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 103 (4): 164−170. Bibcode:1993JBAA..103..164M. See the introduction.
  9. ^ "Antoniadi". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. NASA. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  10. ^ "Antoniadi Dorsum". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. NASA. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  11. ^ Harvard Astrophysics Data System, retrieved 5 May 2018.
  12. ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France Gallica catalog entry.
  13. ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France Gallica catalog entry.
  14. ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France Gallica catalog entry.

Further reading

  • Abetti, Giorgio (1970). "Antoniadi, Eugène M.". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-684-10114-9.
  • McKim, Richard J. (1993). "The Life and Times of E.M. Antoniadi, 1870-1944. Part I: An Astronomer in the Making". Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 103: 164–170. Bibcode:1993JBAA..103..164M.
  • McKim, Richard J. (1993). "The Life and Times of E.M. Antoniadi, 1870-1944. Part II: The Meudon Years". Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 103: 219–227. Bibcode:1993JBAA..103..219M.

External link

January 02, 2023
antoniadi, antoniadi, redirects, here, other, uses, antoniadi, disambiguation, eugène, michel, antoniadi, greek, Ευγένιος, Αντωνιάδης, march, 1870, february, 1944, greek, french, astronomer, eugène, michel, antoniadieugène, michel, antoniadiborn, 1870, march, . Antoniadi redirects here For other uses see Antoniadi disambiguation Eugene Michel Antoniadi Greek Eygenios Antwniadhs 1 March 1870 10 February 1944 was a Greek French astronomer Eugene Michel AntoniadiEugene Michel AntoniadiBorn 1870 03 01 1 March 1870Constantinople Ottoman EmpireDied10 February 1944 1944 02 10 aged 73 Paris FranceNationalityGreek FrenchOccupationAstronomerYears active1893 1944Known forMaps of Mars and MercuryNotable workLa planete Mars 1659 1929 Contents 1 Biography 2 Name 3 Awards and honors 4 Publications 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linkBiography EditAntoniadi was born in Istanbul Constantinople but spent most of his adult life in France after being invited there by Camille Flammarion 1 He became a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society on 10 February 1899 and in 1890 he became one of the founding members of the British Astronomical Association BAA In 1892 he joined the BAA s Mars Section and became that section s Director in 1896 2 He became a member of the Societe astronomique de France SAF in 1891 3 Flammarion hired Antoniadi to work as an assistant astronomer in his private observatory in Juvisy sur Orge in 1893 4 Antoniadi worked there for nine years In 1902 he resigned from both the Juvisy observatory and from SAF 2 Antoniadi rejoined SAF in 1909 That same year Henri Deslandres Director of the Meudon Observeratory provided him with access to the Grande Lunette 83 cm Great Refractor 5 He became a highly reputed observer of Mars and at first supported the notion of Martian canals but after using the 83 centimeter telescope at Meudon Observatory during the 1909 opposition of Mars he came to the conclusion that canals were an optical illusion He also observed Venus and Mercury Antoniadi s 1934 map of Mercury He made the first map of Mercury but his maps were flawed by his incorrect assumption that Mercury had synchronous rotation with the Sun 1 The first standard nomenclature for Martian albedo features was introduced by the International Astronomical Union IAU when they adopted 128 names from the 1929 map of Antoniadi named La Planete Mars 6 He is also famed for creating the Antoniadi scale of seeing which is commonly used by amateur astronomers He was also a strong chess player His best result was equal first with Frank Marshall in a tournament in Paris in 1907 a point ahead of Savielly Tartakower He died in Paris aged almost 74 Name EditHis full name was Eugene Michel Antoniadi Greek Eygenios Mixahl Antwniadhs romanized Evgenios Michail Antoniadis however he was also known as Eugenios Antoniadis His name is also sometimes given as Eugene Michael Antoniadi or even incorrectly as Eugene Marie Antoniadi Awards and honors Edit1925 Prix Jules Janssen from the Societe astronomique de France 4 1926 Prix Guzman of 2 500 Francs from the Academie des Sciences 4 1932 Prix La Caille from the Academie des Sciences 4 1970 Antoniadi crater on the Moon named in his honor by the International Astronomical Union 7 1973 Antoniadi crater on Mars named in his honor by the International Astronomical Union 8 9 1976 Antoniadi Dorsum wrinkle ridge on Mercury named in his honor by the International Astronomical Union 10 Publications EditAntoniadi was a prolific writer of articles and books the Astrophysics Data System lists nearly 230 that he authored or co authored 11 The subjects included astronomy history and architecture He frequently wrote articles for L Astronomie of the Societe astronomique de France Astronomische Nachrichten and the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society among others Notable works include Sur une Anomalie de la phase dichotome de la planete Venus Paris Gauthier Villars s d 12 La planete Mars 1659 1929 Paris Hermann amp Cie 1930 13 La Planete Mercure et la rotation des satellites Etude basee sur les resultats obtenus avec la grande lunette de l observatoire de Meudon Paris Gauthier Villars 1934 14 References Edit a b Hockey Thomas 2009 Antoniadi Eugene Michael The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers Springer Publishing pp 83 85 doi 10 1007 978 1 4419 9917 7 58 ISBN 978 0 387 31022 0 a b McKim R J The life and times of E M Antoniadi 1870 1944 Part I an astronomer in the making Journal of the British Astronomical Association 1993 vol 103 no 4 pp 164 170 Bulletin de la Societe Astronomique de France 1896 p 415 a b c d Antoniadi Eugene Michel Archives cote Ms 1138 Bibliotheque de l Observatoire de Paris site de Paris France Alidade database consulted 16 March 2018 McKim Richard J The life and times of E M Antoniadi 1870 1944 Part II The Meudon years Journal of the British Astronomical Association 1993 vol 103 no 5 pp 219 227 Shirley James H Fairbridge Rhodes Whitmore 1997 Nomenclature Encyclopedia of planetary sciences Springer pp 543 550 ISBN 978 0 412 06951 2 Antoniadi Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature NASA Retrieved 15 March 2022 McKim R J August 1993 The life and times of E M Antoniadi 1870 1944 Part I an astronomer in the making Journal of the British Astronomical Association 103 4 164 170 Bibcode 1993JBAA 103 164M See the introduction Antoniadi Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature NASA Retrieved 15 March 2022 Antoniadi Dorsum Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature NASA Retrieved 15 March 2022 Harvard Astrophysics Data System retrieved 5 May 2018 Bibliotheque nationale de France Gallica catalog entry Bibliotheque nationale de France Gallica catalog entry Bibliotheque nationale de France Gallica catalog entry Further reading EditAbetti Giorgio 1970 Antoniadi Eugene M Dictionary of Scientific Biography Vol 1 New York Charles Scribner s Sons p 172 ISBN 978 0 684 10114 9 McKim Richard J 1993 The Life and Times of E M Antoniadi 1870 1944 Part I An Astronomer in the Making Journal of the British Astronomical Association 103 164 170 Bibcode 1993JBAA 103 164M McKim Richard J 1993 The Life and Times of E M Antoniadi 1870 1944 Part II The Meudon Years Journal of the British Astronomical Association 103 219 227 Bibcode 1993JBAA 103 219M External link EditEdward Winter A Chessplaying Astronomer 2002 Pictures of Mars kept at the Library of Paris Observatory Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title E M Antoniadi amp oldid 1104102675, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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