Eugenius Vulgarius (Italian Eugenio Vulgario; fl. c. 887–928)[1] was an Italian priest and poet.
Eugenius' epithet may allude to a Bulgar heritage, and he may have been a descendant of the horde of Alzec that settled in the Molise in the seventh century and were still distinguishable by their language in the late eighth century.[2] The ethnonym was sometimes rendered as Vulgares in Latin.[3] Knowledgeable of Latin and Greek, he was also deeply learned in the Classics and displays familiarity with Virgil, Horace, and the tragedies of Seneca.
Around 907, when he was a presbyter and teacher of rhetoric and grammar at the episcopal school in Naples, Eugenius wrote a pamphlet defending Pope Formosus, who had given him holy orders, from the attacks of the reigning Pope Sergius III. He produced a second treatise on this same subject in dialogue form.[4] In these, entitled De causa Formosiana and Eugenius Vulgarius Petro Diacono fratri et amico, he denies the authority of the Holy See and proclaims that only a deserving man can ever truly be pope.[5] Sergius ordered him imprisoned in a monastery, probably that of the monks of Montecassino at Teano, where his compatriot, the defender of Formosus called Auxilius (a pseudonym meaning "defender"), was also protected.[6] Sergius soon reversed his decree and summoned him to Rome for trial.[4] Eugenius responded to the threat posed by this with a series of fawning verses of praise for Pope Sergius and the city of Rome, aurea Roma ("golden Rome"), to which the pope (he claimed) had brought renewed glory. He even went so far as to declare the pope's lover, Theodora, "full of virtue".
Eugenius composed three different pattern poems eulogising the Byzantine emperorLeo VI; one (no. XVI) is in the shape of a pyramid.[7] He credits Leo with victories over barbarians in both Europe and Africa.[8] Eugenius also praised Atenulf I of Benevento for his victories over the Saracens of the Garigliano. Among his other works are some glosses on Martianus Capella and a poem about nature, the arrival of springtime, and the hymn of the birds.[9] Eugenius also produced metrical calendars.
Notesedit
^"Eugenio Vulgario", Dizionario biografico degli Italiani (Rome: Società Grafica Romana, 1960–present).
^John B. Dillon (2004), "Bulgars". Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia, ed. Christopher Kleinhenz (London: Routledge), p. 163.
^ abEleanor Shipley Duckett (1988), Death and Life in the Tenth Century (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press), pp. 230–31.
^His rhetoric may have been useful to the Ottonian emperors, for a copy of Eugenius' Formosan treatises survives in the library of Otto III at Bamberg State Library, c.f. Claudio Leonardi (1999), "Intellectual Life", The New Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. 2: c.900–c.1024, Timothy Reuter, Rosamond McKitterick, and David Abulafia, edd. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 207.
^"In the monastery of Teano, then, most probably originated the only manuscript of the writings of Vulgarius and Auxilius, the famous Bambergensis P. III. 20, which was brought to Germany by Henry II" (Bloch 1946:169).
^Herbert Bloch, "Monte Cassino, Byzantium, and the West in the Earlier Middle Ages", Dumbarton Oaks Papers3 (1946:163-224) p. 169.
^In 911 Leo VI granted a privilege to the monks of Teano, possibly owing to Eugenius' praise, c.f. Herbert Bloch (1946), "Monte Cassino, Byzantium, and the West in the Earlier Middle Ages", Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 3, pp. 169–70.
^F. M. Warren (1912), "The Troubadour Canso and Latin Lyric Poetry", Modern Philology, 9(4), p. 481. J. E. Caerwyn Williams (1989/90), "The Nature Prologue in Welsh Court Poetry", Studia celtica, 24/25, p. 78, credits Eugenius as the first to connect the "nature prologue", which was later to be so important to the courtly love lyric, to a "love interest".
eugenius, vulgarius, italian, eugenio, vulgario, italian, priest, poet, eugenius, epithet, allude, bulgar, heritage, have, been, descendant, horde, alzec, that, settled, molise, seventh, century, were, still, distinguishable, their, language, late, eighth, cen. Eugenius Vulgarius Italian Eugenio Vulgario fl c 887 928 1 was an Italian priest and poet Eugenius epithet may allude to a Bulgar heritage and he may have been a descendant of the horde of Alzec that settled in the Molise in the seventh century and were still distinguishable by their language in the late eighth century 2 The ethnonym was sometimes rendered as Vulgares in Latin 3 Knowledgeable of Latin and Greek he was also deeply learned in the Classics and displays familiarity with Virgil Horace and the tragedies of Seneca Around 907 when he was a presbyter and teacher of rhetoric and grammar at the episcopal school in Naples Eugenius wrote a pamphlet defending Pope Formosus who had given him holy orders from the attacks of the reigning Pope Sergius III He produced a second treatise on this same subject in dialogue form 4 In these entitled De causa Formosiana and Eugenius Vulgarius Petro Diacono fratri et amico he denies the authority of the Holy See and proclaims that only a deserving man can ever truly be pope 5 Sergius ordered him imprisoned in a monastery probably that of the monks of Montecassino at Teano where his compatriot the defender of Formosus called Auxilius a pseudonym meaning defender was also protected 6 Sergius soon reversed his decree and summoned him to Rome for trial 4 Eugenius responded to the threat posed by this with a series of fawning verses of praise for Pope Sergius and the city of Rome aurea Roma golden Rome to which the pope he claimed had brought renewed glory He even went so far as to declare the pope s lover Theodora full of virtue Eugenius composed three different pattern poems eulogising the Byzantine emperor Leo VI one no XVI is in the shape of a pyramid 7 He credits Leo with victories over barbarians in both Europe and Africa 8 Eugenius also praised Atenulf I of Benevento for his victories over the Saracens of the Garigliano Among his other works are some glosses on Martianus Capella and a poem about nature the arrival of springtime and the hymn of the birds 9 Eugenius also produced metrical calendars Notes edit Eugenio Vulgario Dizionario biografico degli Italiani Rome Societa Grafica Romana 1960 present John B Dillon 2004 Bulgars Medieval Italy An Encyclopedia ed Christopher Kleinhenz London Routledge p 163 Notably by Paul the Deacon e g in Hist Lang 5 29 a b Eleanor Shipley Duckett 1988 Death and Life in the Tenth Century Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press pp 230 31 His rhetoric may have been useful to the Ottonian emperors for a copy of Eugenius Formosan treatises survives in the library of Otto III at Bamberg State Library c f Claudio Leonardi 1999 Intellectual Life The New Cambridge Medieval History Vol 2 c 900 c 1024 Timothy Reuter Rosamond McKitterick and David Abulafia edd Cambridge Cambridge University Press p 207 In the monastery of Teano then most probably originated the only manuscript of the writings of Vulgarius and Auxilius the famous Bambergensis P III 20 which was brought to Germany by Henry II Bloch 1946 169 Herbert Bloch Monte Cassino Byzantium and the West in the Earlier Middle Ages Dumbarton Oaks Papers 3 1946 163 224 p 169 In 911 Leo VI granted a privilege to the monks of Teano possibly owing to Eugenius praise c f Herbert Bloch 1946 Monte Cassino Byzantium and the West in the Earlier Middle Ages Dumbarton Oaks Papers 3 pp 169 70 F M Warren 1912 The Troubadour Canso and Latin Lyric Poetry Modern Philology 9 4 p 481 J E Caerwyn Williams 1989 90 The Nature Prologue in Welsh Court Poetry Studia celtica 24 25 p 78 credits Eugenius as the first to connect the nature prologue which was later to be so important to the courtly love lyric to a love interest External links editMetrum parhemiacum tragicum from The Latin Library Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eugenius Vulgarius amp oldid 1181106423, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
