"Etteilla", the pseudonym of Jean-Baptiste Alliette (1 March 1738 – 12 December 1791), was the French occultist and tarot-researcher, who was the first to develop an interpretation concept for the tarot cards and made a significant contribution to the esoteric development of the tarot cards to a wide audience (from 1783),[1] and therefore the first professional tarot occultist known to history who made his living by card divination.[2] Etteilla also influenced the French divination professional Marie Anne Lenormand. In the years 1783–1785 Etteilla published his work Manière de se récréer avec le jeu de cartes nommées tarots ("Way to recreate yourself with the deck of cards called tarots"),[3] which is still considered the standard reference work of Tarot cartomancy. Etteilla published his ideas of the correspondences between the tarot, astrology, and the four classical elements and four humors, and in 1789 he published his own tarot deck,[4] which, however, differed significantly from the classic tarots such as the Tarot de Marseille in terms of structure and card designations.
Jean-Baptiste Alliette (Etteilla) at his work table, from the Cours théorique et pratique du livre de Thot (1790).
Aside from the birth certificate recording his birth in Paris in 1738, very little is known about Jean-Baptiste Alliette's youth.[5] His father was a maître rôtisseur, a caterer, and his mother was a seed merchant.[6] He married Jeanne Vattier in 1763, a marriage that lasted half a decade, during which he worked as a seed merchant, before publishing his first book, Etteilla, ou maniere de se récréer avec un jeu de cartes ("Etteilla, or way to recreate yourself with a deck of cards") in 1770.[7]Etteilla is simply the reverse of his surname.
Etteilla, ou maniere de se récréer avec un jeu de cartes (1770)[8] was a discourse on the usage of regular playing cards (the piquet deck, a shortened deck of 32 cards used in gaming, with the addition of an "Etteilla" card). Features included the "spread", or disposition on the table, and strictly assigned meanings to each card both in regular and in reversed positions, characteristics that are still central to tarot divination today. In his preface, "Etteilla" explained that he had learned his system from an Italian; it remains unclear to what extent his assigned symbology was his own contribution. The book was reprinted the following year. He was working as a printseller, but from this time, approximately, he earned his livelihood by working as a consultant, teacher and author.
In 1781 the French Swiss Protestant clergyman and occultist Antoine Court who named himself Court de Gébelin published in his massive work Le Monde primitif his idea that the Tarot was actually an ancient Egyptian book of arcane wisdom; his work included an essay by the Comte de Mellet who first called tarot cards the Book of Thoth and, crucially, claimed that the Egyptians used the cards for fortune-telling and described what purported to be their method of divination.[9] There is no evidence to support the notion that tarot has an Egyptian lineage but, influenced by de Gébelin, Etteilla responded with another book, Manière de se récréer avec le jeu de cartes nommées tarots ("Way to recreate yourself with the deck of cards called tarots") in 1783.[10] It was the first book of methods of divination by Tarot. In the book, Etteilla claimed that he had been introduced to the art of cartomancy in 1751, long before the appearance of Court de Gebelin's work.
In 1788 he formed 'Société des Interprètes du Livre de Thot', a group of French-speaking correspondents through which he continued to discuss his ideas about tarot interpretation.[11] The next year he published a special deck for divination that syncretized his ideas with older forms of French cartomancy. This was the first deck of cards specifically designed for occult purposes.[12]
In 1790, Etteilla founded the Nouvelle Ecole de Magie (New School of Magic). Later that year, he published Cours théorique et pratique du Livre du Thot (Theoretical and practical course from the Book of Thoth), which includes his reworkings of what would later be called the "Major" and "Minor Arcana", as well as the introduction of the four elements and astrology.[13]
PublicationsEdit
Etteilla, ou maniere de se récréer avec un jeu de cartes / par M.***, Amsterdam ; Paris : Lesclapart, 1770.[8]
Le Zodiaque mystérieux, ou les oracles d'Etteilla, Amsterdam ; Paris : Lesclapart, 1772.[14]
Etteilla, ou la seule maniere de tirer les cartes ; revue, corrigée et augmentée par l'auteur sur son premier manuscrit, Amsterdam ; Paris : Lesclapart, 1773.
Instruction sur le loto des Indiens que nous a donné en 1772 Mr Etteilla, professeur d'algèbre, s.l. [Paris ?], 1782.
Instruction sur la combinaison hislérique, extraite du Loto des Indiens, s.l. [Paris ?], 1782.
Etteilla, ou instructions sur l'art de tirer les cartes. Troisiéme et derniere édition par l'auteur de la Cartonomancie, Amsterdam ; Paris : Segault ; Legras, 1783.
L'Homme à projets, s.l. [Paris], 1783.
Manière de se récréer avec le jeu de cartes nommées tarots ; pour servir de troisième cahier à cet ouvrage, Amsterdam ; Paris : Segault ; Legras, 1783.
Manière de se récréer avec le jeu de cartes nommées tarots ; pour servir de premier cahier à cet ouvrage, Amsterdam ; Paris : l'auteur ; Mérigot ; Legras ; Segault, 1783.[3]
Manière de se récréer avec le jeu de cartes nommés Tarots pour servir de quatrième Cahier à cet ouvrage, Reprint 1993 L'astrologie du Livre de Toth (1785) Editions Trédaniel suivi des Recherches sur l'Histoire de l'Astrologie et du Tarot par Jacques Halbronn
Fragment sur les hautes sciences, suivi d'une note sur les trois sortes de médecines données aux hommes, dont une mal-à-propos délaissée, Amsterdam, 1785.
Manière de se récréer avec le jeu de cartes nommées tarots ; pour servir de quatrième cahier à cet ouvrage, Amsterdam ; Paris : l'auteur, 1785.
Manière de se récréer avec le jeu de cartes nommées tarots ; pour servir de second cahier à cet ouvrage, Amsterdam ; Paris : l'auteur ; les libraires…, 1785.
Philosophie des hautes sciences : ou la clef donnée aux enfans de l'art, de la science & de la sagesse, Amsterdam ; Paris : l'auteur ; Nyon l'aîné ; Durand neveu ; Mérigot le jeune ; Segaut, 1785.
Epître à M. Court de Gébelin, salut, Etteilla, premier de l'an vulgaire 1784, Paris (?), 1784.
Les sept nuances de l'œuvre philosophique-hermétique, suivies d'un traité sur la perfection des métaux mis sous l'avant-titre L.D.D.P. [= Le Denier Du Pauvre…], s.l. [Paris], s.d. [1786].
L'Art de connoitre les hommes par l'inspection du front, ou élémens de métoposcopie suivant les anciens. Amsterdam ; Paris, 1787.
L'Art de lire dans les lignes et caractères qui sont dans les mains : ou élémens de chiromance, Amsterdam ; Paris, 1787.
Science. Leçons théoriques et pratiques du livre de Thot. Moyennes classes, Amsterdam ; Paris, 1787.
Jeu des tarots, ou le livre de Thot ouvert à la manière des Égyptiens, pour servir ici à l'interprétation de tous les rêves, songes et visions diurnes et nocturnes, Memphis [Amsterdam ?] : Mad. veuve Lesclapart ; Petit ; Samson, 1788.
Cours théorique et pratique du livre de Thot ; pour entendre avec justesse l'art, la science et la sagesse de rendre les oracles. s.l. [Paris] : (de l'impr. de la Société Typographique), 1790.
Aperçu sur la nouvelle école de magie établie à Paris, le premier juillet de la seconde année de la Liberté française, s.l. [Paris] : Etteilla fils, (1790).
L'Oracle pour et contre mil sept cent quatre-vingt-onze, s.l. [Paris], November 1790.[15]
Journal projétique et patriotique, 17 numéros parus entre février et juillet 1791.
^Museum of Tarot. "Tarot de Marseille Collection".
^John Michael Greer, The new encyclopedia of the occult, pg. 162, Llewellyn Publications (2003), ISBN1-56718-336-0
^ abEtteilla (1783). Manière de se récréer avec le jeu de cartes nommées tarots [Way to recreate yourself with the deck of cards called tarots] (in French).
^Dann, Kevin (20 October 2022). "Etteilla's Livre de Thot Tarot (ca. 1789)". Manchester: The Public Domain Review.
^Decker, Ronald, Thierry Depaulis and Michael Dummett. A Wicked Pack of Cards: The Origins of the Occult Tarot. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd., 1996. pp. 77
^ abEtteilla (1770). Etteilla, ou Maniere de se recreer avec un jeu de cartes [Etteilla, or way to recreate yourself with a deck of cards] (in French).
^Etteilla (1772). Le Zodiaque mystérieux, ou les oracles d'Etteilla [The Mysterious Zodiac or The Oracles of Etteilla] (in French).
^Etteilla (1790). L'Oracle pour et contre mil sept cent quatre-vingt-onze [The Oracle for and against one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one] (in French).
October 21, 2023
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Etteilla the pseudonym of Jean Baptiste Alliette 1 March 1738 12 December 1791 was the French occultist and tarot researcher who was the first to develop an interpretation concept for the tarot cards and made a significant contribution to the esoteric development of the tarot cards to a wide audience from 1783 1 and therefore the first professional tarot occultist known to history who made his living by card divination 2 Etteilla also influenced the French divination professional Marie Anne Lenormand In the years 1783 1785 Etteilla published his work Maniere de se recreer avec le jeu de cartes nommees tarots Way to recreate yourself with the deck of cards called tarots 3 which is still considered the standard reference work of Tarot cartomancy Etteilla published his ideas of the correspondences between the tarot astrology and the four classical elements and four humors and in 1789 he published his own tarot deck 4 which however differed significantly from the classic tarots such as the Tarot de Marseille in terms of structure and card designations Jean Baptiste Alliette Etteilla at his work table from the Cours theorique et pratique du livre de Thot 1790 Contents 1 Personal life 2 Works 3 Publications 4 See also 5 ReferencesPersonal life EditAside from the birth certificate recording his birth in Paris in 1738 very little is known about Jean Baptiste Alliette s youth 5 His father was a maitre rotisseur a caterer and his mother was a seed merchant 6 He married Jeanne Vattier in 1763 a marriage that lasted half a decade during which he worked as a seed merchant before publishing his first book Etteilla ou maniere de se recreer avec un jeu de cartes Etteilla or way to recreate yourself with a deck of cards in 1770 7 Etteilla is simply the reverse of his surname Works Edit nbsp Death card designed by Etteilla published 1890Etteilla ou maniere de se recreer avec un jeu de cartes 1770 8 was a discourse on the usage of regular playing cards the piquet deck a shortened deck of 32 cards used in gaming with the addition of an Etteilla card Features included the spread or disposition on the table and strictly assigned meanings to each card both in regular and in reversed positions characteristics that are still central to tarot divination today In his preface Etteilla explained that he had learned his system from an Italian it remains unclear to what extent his assigned symbology was his own contribution The book was reprinted the following year He was working as a printseller but from this time approximately he earned his livelihood by working as a consultant teacher and author In 1781 the French Swiss Protestant clergyman and occultist Antoine Court who named himself Court de Gebelin published in his massive work Le Monde primitif his idea that the Tarot was actually an ancient Egyptian book of arcane wisdom his work included an essay by the Comte de Mellet who first called tarot cards the Book of Thoth and crucially claimed that the Egyptians used the cards for fortune telling and described what purported to be their method of divination 9 There is no evidence to support the notion that tarot has an Egyptian lineage but influenced by de Gebelin Etteilla responded with another book Maniere de se recreer avec le jeu de cartes nommees tarots Way to recreate yourself with the deck of cards called tarots in 1783 10 It was the first book of methods of divination by Tarot In the book Etteilla claimed that he had been introduced to the art of cartomancy in 1751 long before the appearance of Court de Gebelin s work In 1788 he formed Societe des Interpretes du Livre de Thot a group of French speaking correspondents through which he continued to discuss his ideas about tarot interpretation 11 The next year he published a special deck for divination that syncretized his ideas with older forms of French cartomancy This was the first deck of cards specifically designed for occult purposes 12 In 1790 Etteilla founded the Nouvelle Ecole de Magie New School of Magic Later that year he published Cours theorique et pratique du Livre du Thot Theoretical and practical course from the Book of Thoth which includes his reworkings of what would later be called the Major and Minor Arcana as well as the introduction of the four elements and astrology 13 Publications EditEtteilla ou maniere de se recreer avec un jeu de cartes par M Amsterdam Paris Lesclapart 1770 8 Le Zodiaque mysterieux ou les oracles d Etteilla Amsterdam Paris Lesclapart 1772 14 Etteilla ou la seule maniere de tirer les cartes revue corrigee et augmentee par l auteur sur son premier manuscrit Amsterdam Paris Lesclapart 1773 Instruction sur le loto des Indiens que nous a donne en 1772 Mr Etteilla professeur d algebre s l Paris 1782 Instruction sur la combinaison hislerique extraite du Loto des Indiens s l Paris 1782 Etteilla ou instructions sur l art de tirer les cartes Troisieme et derniere edition par l auteur de la Cartonomancie Amsterdam Paris Segault Legras 1783 L Homme a projets s l Paris 1783 Maniere de se recreer avec le jeu de cartes nommees tarots pour servir de troisieme cahier a cet ouvrage Amsterdam Paris Segault Legras 1783 Maniere de se recreer avec le jeu de cartes nommees tarots pour servir de premier cahier a cet ouvrage Amsterdam Paris l auteur Merigot Legras Segault 1783 3 Maniere de se recreer avec le jeu de cartes nommes Tarots pour servir de quatrieme Cahier a cet ouvrage Reprint 1993 L astrologie du Livre de Toth 1785 Editions Tredaniel suivi des Recherches sur l Histoire de l Astrologie et du Tarot par Jacques Halbronn Fragment sur les hautes sciences suivi d une note sur les trois sortes de medecines donnees aux hommes dont une mal a propos delaissee Amsterdam 1785 Maniere de se recreer avec le jeu de cartes nommees tarots pour servir de quatrieme cahier a cet ouvrage Amsterdam Paris l auteur 1785 Maniere de se recreer avec le jeu de cartes nommees tarots pour servir de second cahier a cet ouvrage Amsterdam Paris l auteur les libraires 1785 Philosophie des hautes sciences ou la clef donnee aux enfans de l art de la science amp de la sagesse Amsterdam Paris l auteur Nyon l aine Durand neveu Merigot le jeune Segaut 1785 Epitre a M Court de Gebelin salut Etteilla premier de l an vulgaire 1784 Paris 1784 Les sept nuances de l œuvre philosophique hermetique suivies d un traite sur la perfection des metaux mis sous l avant titre L D D P Le Denier Du Pauvre s l Paris s d 1786 L Art de connoitre les hommes par l inspection du front ou elemens de metoposcopie suivant les anciens Amsterdam Paris 1787 L Art de lire dans les lignes et caracteres qui sont dans les mains ou elemens de chiromance Amsterdam Paris 1787 Science Lecons theoriques et pratiques du livre de Thot Moyennes classes Amsterdam Paris 1787 Jeu des tarots ou le livre de Thot ouvert a la maniere des Egyptiens pour servir ici a l interpretation de tous les reves songes et visions diurnes et nocturnes Memphis Amsterdam Mad veuve Lesclapart Petit Samson 1788 Cours theorique et pratique du livre de Thot pour entendre avec justesse l art la science et la sagesse de rendre les oracles s l Paris de l impr de la Societe Typographique 1790 Apercu sur la nouvelle ecole de magie etablie a Paris le premier juillet de la seconde annee de la Liberte francaise s l Paris Etteilla fils 1790 L Oracle pour et contre mil sept cent quatre vingt onze s l Paris November 1790 15 Journal projetique et patriotique 17 numeros parus entre fevrier et juillet 1791 See also EditArthur Edward Waite Eliphas LeviReferences Edit Museum of Tarot Tarot de Marseille Collection John Michael Greer The new encyclopedia of the occult pg 162 Llewellyn Publications 2003 ISBN 1 56718 336 0 a b Etteilla 1783 Maniere de se recreer avec le jeu de cartes nommees tarots Way to recreate yourself with the deck of cards called tarots in French Dann Kevin 20 October 2022 Etteilla s Livre de Thot Tarot ca 1789 Manchester The Public Domain Review The British Museum 9 May 2022 Etteilla Decker Ronald Thierry Depaulis and Michael Dummett A Wicked Pack of Cards The Origins of the Occult Tarot London Gerald Duckworth amp Co Ltd 1996 pp 77 Decker Depaulis amp Dummett 74 a b Etteilla 1770 Etteilla ou Maniere de se recreer avec un jeu de cartes Etteilla or way to recreate yourself with a deck of cards in French Dummett 1980 p 105 Decker Depaulis amp Dummett 84 Decker Depaulis amp Dummett 90 Decker Depaulis amp Dummett 94 Decker Depaulis amp Dummett 94 Etteilla 1772 Le Zodiaque mysterieux ou les oracles d Etteilla The Mysterious Zodiac or The Oracles of Etteilla in French Etteilla 1790 L Oracle pour et contre mil sept cent quatre vingt onze The Oracle for and against one thousand seven hundred and ninety one in French Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Etteilla amp oldid 1165864133, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
