fbpx
Wikipedia

Ettehadiyeh-ye Sendika-ye Kargaran-e Iran

Ettehadiyeh-ye Sendika-ye Kargaran-e Iran (Persian: اتحادیه سندیکای کارگران ایران, known by its acronym 'اسکی', ESKI) was a trade union centre in Iran. It was founded on the initiative of the Ministry of Labour and Propaganda in September 1946, with the explicit purpose of competing with the Tudeh-led Central United Council of the Trade Unions of Workers and Toilers of Iran (CUC).[1] The task of setting up ESKI had been delegated to Mehdi Sharif-Emami, the director of the Dispute Settlement Department of the Ministry of Labour and Propaganda.[2] ESKI published the newspaper Kargaran-e Iran.[3] ESKI was a founding member of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions.[4]

ESKI
Ettehadiyeh-ye Sendika-ye Kargaran-e Iran
اتحادیه سندیکای کارگران ایران
Merged intoIranian Trade Union Congress
FoundedSeptember 1946
Dissolved1951
Location
  • Iran
Members
75,000 (claim, December 1947)
Key people
Mehdi Sharif-Emami, Khosrow Hedayat
AffiliationsICFTU

Profile

The Tudeh Party sharply criticized the launching of ESKI, denouncing it as a 'yellow union'.[5]

In state companies, workers were obliged to join ESKI in order to keep their jobs. In other sectors, coercion and bribes were used to pressure workers to join ESKI.[2] The strength of ESKI was concentrated in railway plants, munition factories and the tobacco industry.[5]

However, ESKI had limited success. There was a distinct gap between official membership figures (as the largest union centre in terms of membership in the country at the time) and the number of genuine followers. ESKI leaders were generally not experienced labour organizers. In the analysis of the U.S. labour attache, William J. Handley, ESKI was in the hands of government functionaries who, in Handley's view, were 'socially illiterate'.[2]

On November 12, 1946, Tudeh mobilized a 24-hour general strike to condemn the murder of a railway worker. Tudeh accused ESKI of having hired thugs to carry out the assassination.[6]

Shift in leadership

When the Tudeh-led CUC was suppressed in May 1947, ESKI hoped to be able to fill the void, but such a breakthrough never occurred. ESKI was also caught up in the political intrigues between Ahmad Qavam's Democratic Party of Iran on the one hand and the royal court and army on the other. Sharif-Emami was removed as head of ESKI, and replaced by Khosrow Hedayat (Director-General of the State Railways Organization, and a court loyalist of aristocratic background).[2]

Cooperation with EMKA

On August 30, 1947, ESKI, EMKA (another trade union centre, formed through a split from ESKI in 1947) and another small union signed an agreement to coordinate their activities. CUC had refused to join the cooperation. However, the deal only lasted for two weeks, after which ESKI and EMKA excluded the third grouping. On October 28, 1947, ESKI and EMKA organized a labour congress in Teheran. Present were 84 ESKI delegates and 46 EMKA delegates. The cooperation between ESKI and EMKA did not last, however. And in December 1947, shortly after the break between the two centers, ESKI thugs carried out an attack on an EMKA club building. The attack on EMKA further discredited ESKI.[7][8]

Latter period

As of December 1947, ESKI claimed a membership of 75,000.[9]

At the first congress of ESKI, held in November 1949, 21 out of 36 delegates were engineers. Only two delegates were workers.[5]

At the labour congress held in February 1951, a new trade union centre called the Iranian Trade Union Congress was formed. Both ESKI and EMKA merged into the ITUC.[10] ITUC inherited ESKI's ICFTU membership.[4]

References

  1. ^ Ladjevardi, Habib [in Persian] (1 November 1985). Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran. Contemporary issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. p. 173. ISBN 9780815623434. OCLC 491021965. Retrieved 5 May 2022. Title at Google Books
  2. ^ a b c d Ladjevardi 1985, pp. 174–175.
  3. ^ Ladjevardi 1985, pp. 185.
  4. ^ a b Ladjevardi 1985, pp. 202.
  5. ^ a b c Abrahamian 1982, pp. 238.
  6. ^ Abrahamian, Ervand (21 July 1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton Studies on the Near East. Princeton University Press. p. 239. ISBN 9780691101347. Retrieved 5 May 2022. Title at Google Books
  7. ^ Ladjevardi 1985, pp. 179–180, 182–183.
  8. ^ Floor, Willem (2003). "The Brickworkers of Khatunabad: A Striking Record (1953-1979)" (pdf). International Review of Social History. Cambridge University Press. 48 (3): 427–455. ISSN 0020-8590. JSTOR 44582778.
  9. ^ Ladjevardi 1985, pp. 297.
  10. ^ Ladjevardi 1985, pp. 188.

ettehadiyeh, sendika, kargaran, iran, persian, اتحادیه, سندیکای, کارگران, ایران, known, acronym, اسکی, eski, trade, union, centre, iran, founded, initiative, ministry, labour, propaganda, september, 1946, with, explicit, purpose, competing, with, tudeh, centra. Ettehadiyeh ye Sendika ye Kargaran e Iran Persian اتحادیه سندیکای کارگران ایران known by its acronym اسکی ESKI was a trade union centre in Iran It was founded on the initiative of the Ministry of Labour and Propaganda in September 1946 with the explicit purpose of competing with the Tudeh led Central United Council of the Trade Unions of Workers and Toilers of Iran CUC 1 The task of setting up ESKI had been delegated to Mehdi Sharif Emami the director of the Dispute Settlement Department of the Ministry of Labour and Propaganda 2 ESKI published the newspaper Kargaran e Iran 3 ESKI was a founding member of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions 4 ESKIEttehadiyeh ye Sendika ye Kargaran e Iranاتحادیه سندیکای کارگران ایرانMerged intoIranian Trade Union CongressFoundedSeptember 1946Dissolved1951LocationIranMembers75 000 claim December 1947 Key peopleMehdi Sharif Emami Khosrow HedayatAffiliationsICFTU Contents 1 Profile 2 Shift in leadership 3 Cooperation with EMKA 4 Latter period 5 ReferencesProfile EditThe Tudeh Party sharply criticized the launching of ESKI denouncing it as a yellow union 5 In state companies workers were obliged to join ESKI in order to keep their jobs In other sectors coercion and bribes were used to pressure workers to join ESKI 2 The strength of ESKI was concentrated in railway plants munition factories and the tobacco industry 5 However ESKI had limited success There was a distinct gap between official membership figures as the largest union centre in terms of membership in the country at the time and the number of genuine followers ESKI leaders were generally not experienced labour organizers In the analysis of the U S labour attache William J Handley ESKI was in the hands of government functionaries who in Handley s view were socially illiterate 2 On November 12 1946 Tudeh mobilized a 24 hour general strike to condemn the murder of a railway worker Tudeh accused ESKI of having hired thugs to carry out the assassination 6 Shift in leadership EditWhen the Tudeh led CUC was suppressed in May 1947 ESKI hoped to be able to fill the void but such a breakthrough never occurred ESKI was also caught up in the political intrigues between Ahmad Qavam s Democratic Party of Iran on the one hand and the royal court and army on the other Sharif Emami was removed as head of ESKI and replaced by Khosrow Hedayat Director General of the State Railways Organization and a court loyalist of aristocratic background 2 Cooperation with EMKA EditOn August 30 1947 ESKI EMKA another trade union centre formed through a split from ESKI in 1947 and another small union signed an agreement to coordinate their activities CUC had refused to join the cooperation However the deal only lasted for two weeks after which ESKI and EMKA excluded the third grouping On October 28 1947 ESKI and EMKA organized a labour congress in Teheran Present were 84 ESKI delegates and 46 EMKA delegates The cooperation between ESKI and EMKA did not last however And in December 1947 shortly after the break between the two centers ESKI thugs carried out an attack on an EMKA club building The attack on EMKA further discredited ESKI 7 8 Latter period EditAs of December 1947 ESKI claimed a membership of 75 000 9 At the first congress of ESKI held in November 1949 21 out of 36 delegates were engineers Only two delegates were workers 5 At the labour congress held in February 1951 a new trade union centre called the Iranian Trade Union Congress was formed Both ESKI and EMKA merged into the ITUC 10 ITUC inherited ESKI s ICFTU membership 4 References Edit Organized labour portal Ladjevardi Habib in Persian 1 November 1985 Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran Contemporary issues in the Middle East Syracuse N Y Syracuse University Press p 173 ISBN 9780815623434 OCLC 491021965 Retrieved 5 May 2022 Title at Google Books a b c d Ladjevardi 1985 pp 174 175 Ladjevardi 1985 pp 185 a b Ladjevardi 1985 pp 202 a b c Abrahamian 1982 pp 238 Abrahamian Ervand 21 July 1982 Iran Between Two Revolutions Princeton Studies on the Near East Princeton University Press p 239 ISBN 9780691101347 Retrieved 5 May 2022 Title at Google Books Ladjevardi 1985 pp 179 180 182 183 Floor Willem 2003 The Brickworkers of Khatunabad A Striking Record 1953 1979 pdf International Review of Social History Cambridge University Press 48 3 427 455 ISSN 0020 8590 JSTOR 44582778 Ladjevardi 1985 pp 297 Ladjevardi 1985 pp 188 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ettehadiyeh ye Sendika ye Kargaran e Iran amp oldid 1086376331, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.