Ethical codes are adopted by organizations to assist members in understanding the difference between right and wrong and in applying that understanding to their decisions. An ethical code generally implies documents at three levels: codes of business ethics, codes of conduct for employees, and codes of professional practice.
Many organizations use the phrases ethical code and code of conduct interchangeably, but it may be useful to make a distinction. A code of ethics will start by setting out the values that underpin the code and will describe an organization's obligation to its stakeholders. The code is publicly available and addressed to anyone with an interest in that organization's activities and the way it operates. It will include details of how the organization plans to implement its values and vision, as well as guidance to staff on ethical standards and how to achieve them. However, a code of conduct is generally addressed to and intended for the organization's leaders and staff. It usually sets out restrictions on behavior, and will be far more focused on compliance or rules than on values or principles.
A code of practice is adopted by a profession (or by a governmental or non-governmental organization) to regulate that profession. A code of practice may be styled as a code of professional responsibility, which will discuss difficult issues and difficult decisions that will often need to be made, and then provide a clear account of what behavior is considered "ethical" or "correct" or "right" in the circumstances. In a membership context, failure to comply with a code of practice can result in expulsion from the professional organization. In its 2007 International Good Practice Guidance, Defining and Developing an Effective Code of Conduct for Organizations, the International Federation of Accountants provided the following working definition: "Principles, values, standards, or rules of behavior that guide the decisions, procedures and systems of an organization in a way that (a) contributes to the welfare of its key stakeholders, and (b) respects the rights of all constituents affected by its operations."[1][page needed]
"Loyalty: We are faithful to those we represent, while honoring our obligation to serve the public interest."
"Fairness: We deal fairly with clients, employers, competitors, peers, vendors, the media, and the general public. We respect all opinions and support the right of free expression."
"Minimize Harm … Balance the public’s need for information against potential harm or discomfort. Pursuit of the news is not a license for arrogance or undue intrusiveness. … Balance a suspect’s right to a fair trial with the public’s right to know. Consider the implications of identifying criminal suspects before they face legal charges. …"
"Act Independently … Avoid conflicts of interest, real or perceived. Disclose unavoidable conflicts."
General notesedit
Ethical codes are often adopted by management and also employers, not to promote a particular moral theory, but rather because they are seen as pragmatic necessities for running an organization in a complex society in which moral concepts play an important part.
They are distinct from moral codes that may apply to the culture, education, and religion of a whole society. It is debated whether the politicians should apply a code of ethics,[4] or whether it is a profession entirely discretionary, just subject to compliance with the law: however, recently codes of practice have been approved in this field.[5]
Often, acts that violate ethical codes may also violate a law or regulation and can be punishable at law or by government agency remedies.
Even organizations and communities that may be considered criminal in nature may have ethical codes of conduct, official or unofficial.
Codes seek to define and delineate the difference between conduct and behavior that is malum in se, malum prohibitum, and good practice. Sometimes ethical codes include sections that are meant to give firm rules, but some offer general guidance, and sometimes the words are merely aspirational.
In sum, a code of ethics is an attempt to codify "good and bad behavior".[6]
Examplesedit
Wood tablet from Jebel Moya, inscribed with an ethical code of conduct, relating to Moses (line 7) and Pharaoh (line 12)
^PAIB Committee (31 May 2007). Defining and Developing an Effective Code of Conduct for Organizations. International Good Practice Guidance. The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). ISBN978-1-931949-81-1.
^"PRSA Code of Ethics". Public Relations Society of America. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
^"SPJ Code of Ethics". Society of Professional Journalists. 6 September 2014.
^Buonomo, Giampiero (April–September 2000). "Elementi di deontologia politica". Nuovi studi politici (in Italian): 3–66.
^Assemblée Nationale (2 August 2017). . Assemblée Nationale (in French). Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
^. World Psychiatric Association. 21 September 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
Sourcesedit
Ladd, John (1991). "The Quest for a Code of Professional Ethics: An Intellectual and Moral Confusion". In Johnson, Deborah G. (ed.). Ethical Issues in Engineering. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN978-0-13-290578-7. OCLC 851033915.[pages needed]
Flores, Albert (1998). "The Philosophical Basis of Engineering Codes of Ethics". In Vesilind, P. Aarne; Gunn, Alastair S. (eds.). Engineering Ethics and the Environment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 201–209. ISBN978-0-521-58112-7. OCLC 300458305.
The Fourteen Principles of Ethical Conduct for Federal Employees
The Code of Medical Ethics of the American Medical Association
January 01, 1970
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how and when to remove this message Ethical codes are adopted by organizations to assist members in understanding the difference between right and wrong and in applying that understanding to their decisions An ethical code generally implies documents at three levels codes of business ethics codes of conduct for employees and codes of professional practice Contents 1 Code of ethics or code of conduct Corporate or business ethics 2 Code of practice professional ethics 3 General notes 4 Examples 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 8 External linksCode of ethics or code of conduct Corporate or business ethics editSee also Business ethics and Code of conduct This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed April 2017 Learn how and when to remove this message Many organizations use the phrases ethical code and code of conduct interchangeably but it may be useful to make a distinction A code of ethics will start by setting out the values that underpin the code and will describe an organization s obligation to its stakeholders The code is publicly available and addressed to anyone with an interest in that organization s activities and the way it operates It will include details of how the organization plans to implement its values and vision as well as guidance to staff on ethical standards and how to achieve them However a code of conduct is generally addressed to and intended for the organization s leaders and staff It usually sets out restrictions on behavior and will be far more focused on compliance or rules than on values or principles Code of practice professional ethics editSee also Professional ethics A code of practice is adopted by a profession or by a governmental or non governmental organization to regulate that profession A code of practice may be styled as a code of professional responsibility which will discuss difficult issues and difficult decisions that will often need to be made and then provide a clear account of what behavior is considered ethical or correct or right in the circumstances In a membership context failure to comply with a code of practice can result in expulsion from the professional organization In its 2007 International Good Practice Guidance Defining and Developing an Effective Code of Conduct for Organizations the International Federation of Accountants provided the following working definition Principles values standards or rules of behavior that guide the decisions procedures and systems of an organization in a way that a contributes to the welfare of its key stakeholders and b respects the rights of all constituents affected by its operations 1 page needed Listed below are a few example statements from the professional codes of the Public Relations Society of America PRSA and the Society of Professional Journalists SPJ PRSA Code of Ethics 2 Loyalty We are faithful to those we represent while honoring our obligation to serve the public interest Fairness We deal fairly with clients employers competitors peers vendors the media and the general public We respect all opinions and support the right of free expression SPJ Code of Ethics 3 Minimize Harm Balance the public s need for information against potential harm or discomfort Pursuit of the news is not a license for arrogance or undue intrusiveness Balance a suspect s right to a fair trial with the public s right to know Consider the implications of identifying criminal suspects before they face legal charges Act Independently Avoid conflicts of interest real or perceived Disclose unavoidable conflicts General notes editEthical codes are often adopted by management and also employers not to promote a particular moral theory but rather because they are seen as pragmatic necessities for running an organization in a complex society in which moral concepts play an important part They are distinct from moral codes that may apply to the culture education and religion of a whole society It is debated whether the politicians should apply a code of ethics 4 or whether it is a profession entirely discretionary just subject to compliance with the law however recently codes of practice have been approved in this field 5 Often acts that violate ethical codes may also violate a law or regulation and can be punishable at law or by government agency remedies Even organizations and communities that may be considered criminal in nature may have ethical codes of conduct official or unofficial Codes seek to define and delineate the difference between conduct and behavior that is malum in se malum prohibitum and good practice Sometimes ethical codes include sections that are meant to give firm rules but some offer general guidance and sometimes the words are merely aspirational In sum a code of ethics is an attempt to codify good and bad behavior 6 Examples edit nbsp Wood tablet from Jebel Moya inscribed with an ethical code of conduct relating to Moses line 7 and Pharaoh line 12 Medical workers and physicians Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief Declaration of Geneva Hippocratic Oath Percival s Medical Ethics Madrid Declaration on Ethical Standards for Psychiatric Practice 7 Military warfare and other armed conflict Bushidō Japanese samurai Chivalry Code of the U S Fighting Force International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation ICOC or Hague Code of Conduct Israel Defense Forces Code of Conduct Pirate code Uniform Code of Military Justice United States Warrior code Religious Code of Ma at Ancient Egypt Eight Precepts Buddhism Five Precepts Buddhism Golden Rule Ethic of reciprocity various Seven Laws of Noah Judaism Patimokkha Buddhism Quran Islam Rule of St Benedict Christian monasticism Ten Commandments Abrahamic religions Ten Precepts Buddhism Ten Precepts Taoism Yamas and niyama Hindu scriptures Others American Library Association Code of Ethics Applied ethics Media ethics Aviators Model Code of Conduct Global civics ICC Cricket Code of Conduct Institute of Internal Auditors Code of Ethics Journalist s Creed Moral Code of the Builder of CommunismSee also editMedical ethics Public sector ethics IDF Code of EthicsReferences edit PAIB Committee 31 May 2007 Defining and Developing an Effective Code of Conduct for Organizations International Good Practice Guidance The International Federation of Accountants IFAC ISBN 978 1 931949 81 1 PRSA Code of Ethics Public Relations Society of America Retrieved 19 August 2017 SPJ Code of Ethics Society of Professional Journalists 6 September 2014 Buonomo Giampiero April September 2000 Elementi di deontologia politica Nuovi studi politici in Italian 3 66 Assemblee Nationale 2 August 2017 Deontologie a l Assemblee nationale Assemblee Nationale in French Archived from the original on 27 March 2014 Retrieved 3 April 2017 Code of Ethics Merriam Webster Dictionary Retrieved March 23 2017 Madrid Declaration on Ethical Standards for Psychiatric Practice World Psychiatric Association 21 September 2011 Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 28 February 2013 Sources editLadd John 1991 The Quest for a Code of Professional Ethics An Intellectual and Moral Confusion In Johnson Deborah G ed Ethical Issues in Engineering Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall ISBN 978 0 13 290578 7 OCLC 851033915 pages needed Flores Albert 1998 The Philosophical Basis of Engineering Codes of Ethics In Vesilind P Aarne Gunn Alastair S eds Engineering Ethics and the Environment Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 201 209 ISBN 978 0 521 58112 7 OCLC 300458305 External links editCenter for the Study of Ethics in the Professions Ethics Codes Collection Illinois Institute of Technology Code of professional ethics Version 2018 PDF International Association of Conference Interpreters AIIC 26 February 2014 The Fourteen Principles of Ethical Conduct for Federal Employees The Code of Medical Ethics of the American Medical Association Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ethical code amp oldid 1206532313, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
