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Estonian Restoration of Independence, legally defined as the Restoration of the Republic of Estonia, was proclaimed on 20 August 1991. On that day at 23:02[1] local time, the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia, in agreement with the Estonian Committee (the executive organ of the Congress of Estonia), declared the illegal Soviet occupation and annexation of the country terminated, and proclaimed the full restoration of the independence of Estonia.[2]
On 30 March 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR adopted a resolution on the state status of Estonia. Declaring that the occupation of the Republic of Estonia by the Soviet Union on 17 June 1940 did not de jure interrupt the existence of the Republic of Estonia, The Supreme Soviet declared the state power of the Estonian SSR illegal from the moment of its establishment and proclaimed the beginning of the restoration of the Republic of Estonia. A transitional period was announced until the formation of the constitutional bodies of state power of the Republic of Estonia.[3] On 8 May the same year, the Supreme Soviet of the ESSR adopted a law invalidating the name "Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic". Also, according to this law, the use of the coat of arms, flag, and anthem of the Estonian SSR as state symbols was terminated and the 1938 Constitution of the independent Republic of Estonia was restored. The name of the Supreme Soviet is thereafter translated as the "Supreme Council".[4] A week later the law on the principles of the interim order of administration of Estonia was adopted, according to which the subordination of public authorities, public administration, court bodies was terminated and the prosecutor's office of the republic to the relevant authorities of the USSR, and they separated from the corresponding system of the USSR. It was announced that relations between the republic and the USSR are now based on the Tartu Peace Treaty, concluded between the Republic of Estonia and the RSFSR on 2 February 1920.[5]
Independence referendum of 3 March 1991edit
On 3 March, a referendum was held on the independence of the Republic of Estonia, which was attended by those who lived in Estonia before the Soviet annexation and their descendants, as well as persons who have received the so-called "green cards" of the Congress of Estonia.[6] 77.8% of those who voted supported the idea of restoring independence.[7]
Denmark recognized Estonia's independence on 11 March.[8]
The 1991 Soviet coup d'état attemptedit
The August Coup or August Putsch took place on 19–22 August 1991 and was an attempt by members of the Soviet Union's government to take control of the country from the Soviet President and General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev.
19 August 1991edit
As the coup attempt was taking place in Moscow and with that the military and political attention of the Soviet Union otherwise occupied, various republics of the Soviet Union took the opportunity to declare their independence. On the evening of 19 August, delegates from the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia and the Estonian Committee started negotiations to confirm the independence of the Republic of Estonia. The main debate was a crucial one: should Estonia declare independence as a new Republic or continue with the juridical continuation of the Republic of Estonia established in 1918 and occupied in 1940.
20 August 1991edit
At 23:02 on the evening of 20 August 1991, during a live broadcast carried out by Estonian Television, the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia voted on the confirm of its Restoration of Independence.[9]
drawing upon the Estonian population’s declaration of intent clearly expressed in the 3 March 1991 referendum to restore the national independence of the Republic of Estonia,
given the 30 March 1990 decision of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR “on the National Status of Estonia” and the declaration of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR “on the Cooperation of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR and the Congress of Estonia,”
the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia has decided:
1. To confirm the national independence of the Republic of Estonia and seek the restoration of diplomatic relations of the Republic of Estonia.
2. To establish the Constitutional Assembly for the development and submission to referendum of the Constitution of Estonia, the composition of which will be shaped by delegation from the highest legislative organ of state power of the Republic of Estonia, the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia, and the representative body of the citizenry of Estonia, the Congress of Estonia.
3. To hold parliamentary elections according to the new Constitution of the Republic of Estonia in the year 1992.
Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia A. RÜÜTEL
Tallinn, 20 August 1991.
Out of the 105 delegates of the Supreme Council 70 were present, 69 voted in favour of the restoration. Two delegates, Klavdia Sergij and Kaido Kama, did not register to vote and walked out before voting began. Those who voted in favour of the restoration were:[10]
On the morning of 21 August 1991, Soviet paratroopers were taking charge of the Tallinn's TV tower, while the television broadcast was cut off for a while, the radio signal was strong as a handful of Estonian Defence League (the unified paramilitary armed forces of Estonia) members barricaded the entry into signal rooms.[11] By the afternoon of the same day it was clear that the coup in Moscow had failed and the paratroopers released the tower and left Estonia.[11]
20 August Clubedit
Members of 20 August Club in 2005
In 1994, the 20 August Club was established. The club's members are those politicians who voted in favour of the restoration on 20 August 1991.[12]
^ ab. www.estonica.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
^"Klubist | 20. Augusti Klubi". www.20augustiklubi.ee. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
January 01, 1970
estonian, restoration, independence, this, article, about, 1991, declaration, 1918, declaration, estonian, declaration, independence, 1988, declaration, estonian, sovereignty, declaration, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these,. This article is about the 1991 declaration For the 1918 declaration see Estonian Declaration of Independence For the 1988 declaration see Estonian Sovereignty Declaration This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Estonian Restoration of Independence news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Estonian August 2022 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Estonian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Estonian Wikipedia article at et Eesti taasiseseisvumine see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated et Eesti taasiseseisvumine to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese August 2022 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Japanese article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 3 700 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at ja エストニアの独立回復 see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated ja エストニアの独立回復 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Learn how and when to remove this message Estonian Restoration of Independence legally defined as the Restoration of the Republic of Estonia was proclaimed on 20 August 1991 On that day at 23 02 1 local time the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia in agreement with the Estonian Committee the executive organ of the Congress of Estonia declared the illegal Soviet occupation and annexation of the country terminated and proclaimed the full restoration of the independence of Estonia 2 Contents 1 1990 2 Independence referendum of 3 March 1991 3 The 1991 Soviet coup d etat attempt 4 19 August 1991 5 20 August 1991 6 21 August 1991 7 20 August Club 8 See also 9 References1990 editOn 30 March 1990 the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR adopted a resolution on the state status of Estonia Declaring that the occupation of the Republic of Estonia by the Soviet Union on 17 June 1940 did not de jure interrupt the existence of the Republic of Estonia The Supreme Soviet declared the state power of the Estonian SSR illegal from the moment of its establishment and proclaimed the beginning of the restoration of the Republic of Estonia A transitional period was announced until the formation of the constitutional bodies of state power of the Republic of Estonia 3 On 8 May the same year the Supreme Soviet of the ESSR adopted a law invalidating the name Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic Also according to this law the use of the coat of arms flag and anthem of the Estonian SSR as state symbols was terminated and the 1938 Constitution of the independent Republic of Estonia was restored The name of the Supreme Soviet is thereafter translated as the Supreme Council 4 A week later the law on the principles of the interim order of administration of Estonia was adopted according to which the subordination of public authorities public administration court bodies was terminated and the prosecutor s office of the republic to the relevant authorities of the USSR and they separated from the corresponding system of the USSR It was announced that relations between the republic and the USSR are now based on the Tartu Peace Treaty concluded between the Republic of Estonia and the RSFSR on 2 February 1920 5 Independence referendum of 3 March 1991 editOn 3 March a referendum was held on the independence of the Republic of Estonia which was attended by those who lived in Estonia before the Soviet annexation and their descendants as well as persons who have received the so called green cards of the Congress of Estonia 6 77 8 of those who voted supported the idea of restoring independence 7 Denmark recognized Estonia s independence on 11 March 8 The 1991 Soviet coup d etat attempt editThe August Coup or August Putsch took place on 19 22 August 1991 and was an attempt by members of the Soviet Union s government to take control of the country from the Soviet President and General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev 19 August 1991 editAs the coup attempt was taking place in Moscow and with that the military and political attention of the Soviet Union otherwise occupied various republics of the Soviet Union took the opportunity to declare their independence On the evening of 19 August delegates from the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia and the Estonian Committee started negotiations to confirm the independence of the Republic of Estonia The main debate was a crucial one should Estonia declare independence as a new Republic or continue with the juridical continuation of the Republic of Estonia established in 1918 and occupied in 1940 20 August 1991 editAt 23 02 on the evening of 20 August 1991 during a live broadcast carried out by Estonian Television the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia voted on the confirm of its Restoration of Independence 9 DECISION OF THE SUPREME COUNCILOF THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIAOn the national independence of EstoniaBased on the continuity of the Republic of Estonia as a subject of international law drawing upon the Estonian population s declaration of intent clearly expressed in the 3 March 1991 referendum to restore the national independence of the Republic of Estonia given the 30 March 1990 decision of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR on the National Status of Estonia and the declaration of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR on the Cooperation of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR and the Congress of Estonia taking into account that the coup which has taken place in the Soviet Union poses a serious threat to the democratic processes taking place in Estonia and has rendered impossible the restoration of the national independence of the Republic of Estonia by means of bilateral negotiations with the Soviet Union the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia has decided 1 To confirm the national independence of the Republic of Estonia and seek the restoration of diplomatic relations of the Republic of Estonia 2 To establish the Constitutional Assembly for the development and submission to referendum of the Constitution of Estonia the composition of which will be shaped by delegation from the highest legislative organ of state power of the Republic of Estonia the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia and the representative body of the citizenry of Estonia the Congress of Estonia 3 To hold parliamentary elections according to the new Constitution of the Republic of Estonia in the year 1992 Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia A RUUTELTallinn 20 August 1991 Out of the 105 delegates of the Supreme Council 70 were present 69 voted in favour of the restoration Two delegates Klavdia Sergij and Kaido Kama did not register to vote and walked out before voting began Those who voted in favour of the restoration were 10 Ulle Aaskivi Mati Ahven Andres Ammas Tonu Anton Uno Anton Lembit Arro Hillar Eller Kaljo Ellik Ignar Fjuk Illar Hallaste Liia Hanni Arvo Junti Jaak Joeruut Rein Jarlik Ants Jarvesaar Villu Jurjo Hillar Kalda Teet Kallas Peet Kask Johannes Kass Kalju Koha Valeri Kois Mai Kolossova Juri Kork Toomas Kork Heino Kostabi Ahti Koo Tiit Kabin Ants Kaarma Mart Laar Marju Lauristin Enn Leisson Juri Liim Jaan Lippmaa Alar Maarend Tiit Made Mart Madissoon Tonis Mets Aavo Molder Ulo Nugis Ants Paju Eldur Parder Heldur Peterson Andrei Prii Priidu Priks Juri E Pold Enn Poldroos Koit Raud Juri Reinson Andrus Ristkok Juri Ratsep Arnold Ruutel Tonu Saarman Edgar Savisaar Hanno Schotter Lehte Soot Aldo Tamm Rein Tamme Andres Tarand Indrek Toome Enn Tupp Ain Tahiste Uno Ugandi Ulo Uluots Heinrich Valk Ants Veetousme Rein Veidemann Helgi Viirelaid Vaino Valjas21 August 1991 editOn the morning of 21 August 1991 Soviet paratroopers were taking charge of the Tallinn s TV tower while the television broadcast was cut off for a while the radio signal was strong as a handful of Estonian Defence League the unified paramilitary armed forces of Estonia members barricaded the entry into signal rooms 11 By the afternoon of the same day it was clear that the coup in Moscow had failed and the paratroopers released the tower and left Estonia 11 20 August Club edit nbsp Members of 20 August Club in 2005 In 1994 the 20 August Club was established The club s members are those politicians who voted in favour of the restoration on 20 August 1991 12 See also editOn the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia A similar Act in the Latvian SSR Act of the Re Establishment of the State of Lithuania A similar Act in the Lithuanian SSR State continuity of the Baltic states Dissolution of the Soviet UnionReferences edit Estonica org Augustiputs ja Eesti iseseisvumine 1991 www estonica org Archived from the original on 17 July 2021 Retrieved 20 August 2017 Eesti riiklikust iseseisvusest Riigi Teataja www riigiteataja ee Postanovlenie Verhovnogo Soveta Estonskoj SSR ot 30 marta 1990 g O gosudarstvennom statuse Estonii Zakon ESSR ot 08 05 1990 O SIMVOLIKE ESTONII Zakon Estonskoj Respubliki ot 16 05 1990 Ob osnovah vremennogo poryadka upravleniya Estoniej Markedonov Sergej Referendum raspada The road to independence Archived from the original on 15 August 2021 Retrieved 6 October 2020 Led tronulsya Postanovlenie Verhovnogo Soveta Estonskoj Respubliki ot 20 avgusta 1991 g O gosudarstvennoj nezavisimosti Estonii Tallinna ajaleht www pealinn ee a b Estonica org The August coup and Estonian independence 1991 www estonica org Archived from the original on 25 February 2021 Retrieved 20 August 2017 Klubist 20 Augusti Klubi www 20augustiklubi ee Retrieved 15 February 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Estonian Restoration of Independence amp oldid 1214062025, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
