An emporium (plural: emporia) was one of the trading settlements that emerged in Northwestern Europe in the 6th to the 7th centuries and persisted into the 9th century. Also known in English as wics, they were characterised by their peripheral locations, usually on the shore at the edge of a kingdom, their lack of infrastructure (containing no churches) and their short-lived nature. By 1000, the emporia had been replaced by the revival of European towns. Examples include Dorestad, Quentovic, Gipeswic, Hamwic, and Lundenwic (for which see Anglo-Saxon London) at the North Sea, as well as Haithabu, Jumne and Truso on the Baltic Sea. Their role in the economic history of Western Europe remains debated[how?]. Their most famous exponent has been the British archaeologist Richard Hodges.
Crabtree (Pamela J.) (ed.). Medieval Archaeology: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. New York. 2013. 448p.
Hill (D.), Cowie (R.) (eds.). Wics: The Early Medieval Trading Centres of Northern Europe. Sheffield. 2001
Hodges (Richard). 'Towns and Trade in the Age of Charlemagne'. 2001.
Hodges (Richard). Dark Age Economics, Origins of Towns and Trade AD 600–1000. Duckworth. London. 1989. 230p.
Loveluck, (Christopher). Northwest Europe in the Early Middle Ages, c. AD 600–1150: A Comparative Archeology. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 2013. 488p.
Loveluck (Christopher). Rural settlement, lifestyles and social change in the later first millennium AD: Anglo–Saxon in its wider context. Excavations at Flixborough Volume 4. Oxbow Books. Oxford. 2007. 194p.
Sherman (Heidi Michelle). Barbarians Come to Market: The Emporia of Western Eurasia from 500 BC to AD 1000 (PhD Dissertation). ProQuest. Ann Arbor. 2008. 369p.
Valante (Mary A.). Vikings in Ireland, Settlement, Trade and Urbanisation. Four Courts Press. Dublin. 2008. 216p.
Verhulst (Adriaan E.). 'Emporium', in Lexikon des Mittelalters, III, München - Stuttgart, [1977]-1999, klm. 1897–1898. (online bekeken)
Verhulst (Adriaan E.). The Rise of Cities in North–West Europe. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 1999. 174p.
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emporium, early, medieval, emporium, plural, emporia, trading, settlements, that, emerged, northwestern, europe, centuries, persisted, into, century, also, known, english, wics, they, were, characterised, their, peripheral, locations, usually, shore, edge, kin. An emporium plural emporia was one of the trading settlements that emerged in Northwestern Europe in the 6th to the 7th centuries and persisted into the 9th century Also known in English as wics they were characterised by their peripheral locations usually on the shore at the edge of a kingdom their lack of infrastructure containing no churches and their short lived nature By 1000 the emporia had been replaced by the revival of European towns Examples include Dorestad Quentovic Gipeswic Hamwic and Lundenwic for which see Anglo Saxon London at the North Sea as well as Haithabu Jumne and Truso on the Baltic Sea Their role in the economic history of Western Europe remains debated how Their most famous exponent has been the British archaeologist Richard Hodges Hedeby reconstructedSee also edit wich townReferences editAnderton Mike ed Anglo Saxon Trading Centres Beyond the Emporia Cruithne Press Glasgow 1999 Crabtree Pamela J ed Medieval Archaeology An Encyclopedia Routledge New York 2013 448p Hill D Cowie R eds Wics The Early Medieval Trading Centres of Northern Europe Sheffield 2001 Hodges Richard Towns and Trade in the Age of Charlemagne 2001 Hodges Richard Dark Age Economics Origins of Towns and Trade AD 600 1000 Duckworth London 1989 230p Loveluck Christopher Northwest Europe in the Early Middle Ages c AD 600 1150 A Comparative Archeology Cambridge University Press Cambridge 2013 488p Loveluck Christopher Rural settlement lifestyles and social change in the later first millennium AD Anglo Saxon in its wider context Excavations at Flixborough Volume 4 Oxbow Books Oxford 2007 194p Sherman Heidi Michelle Barbarians Come to Market The Emporia of Western Eurasia from 500 BC to AD 1000 PhD Dissertation ProQuest Ann Arbor 2008 369p Valante Mary A Vikings in Ireland Settlement Trade and Urbanisation Four Courts Press Dublin 2008 216p Verhulst Adriaan E Emporium in Lexikon des Mittelalters III Munchen Stuttgart 1977 1999 klm 1897 1898 online bekeken Verhulst Adriaan E The Rise of Cities in North West Europe Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1999 174p nbsp This Middle Ages related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Emporium early medieval amp oldid 1217297051, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
