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Emir Mustapha

January 01, 1970

This article is about Emir Mustapha. For other uses, see Mustafa.

Mustapha ibn Muhieddine (1814–1863; Arabic: مصطفى ابن محيي الدين Mustafa ibn Muḥy al-dīn), known as Emir Mustapha, Sidi Moustafa, Moustafa El Hassani El Djazairi, was an Algerian religious and military leader who led a struggle against the French colonial invasion in the mid-19th century with his brother, Emir Abdelkader.[1]

Emir

Mustapha El Djezaïri
مصطفى الـجـزائـري
Native name
مصطفى ابن محيي الدين
Birth nameMustafa ibn Muhieddine al-Hasani
Born1814
Guetna, Regency of Algiers
Died1863
Morocco
AllegianceEmirate of Abdelkader
RankEmir, Caliph, Bey
Battles/wars

Family edit

 
Emir Abdelkader

Mustapha was one of Mahieddine's sons and the younger brother of Emir Abdelkader. He married one of his cousins, with whom he had three sons and two daughters.[2]

In memory of his father, one of his sons was named Mahieddine, who married his cousin Zeyneb, the daughter of his uncle Emir Abdelkader.[3]

French conquest edit

Main article: Emirate of Abdelkader

Mustapha strove to gain influence in the Emirate of Abdelkader and took an important part in the affairs of the Algerian country.[4]

Sahara tribes edit

In 1836, Mustapha tried proclaim himself Sheikh of the Algerian Sahara tribe who had rallied to Abdelkader, but his attempt failed and he was struck with disgrace.[clarification needed][5][6] However, he deeply apologised, so Abdelkader appointed him bey of Titteri in Médéa.[7][8]

Khalifa of Médéa edit

 
Landscape of the Mezghena commune in the Titteri.

When Abdelkader laid siege to the city of Tlemcen in July 1836 to liberate it from General Louis-Eugène Cavaignac, he received news that some people had tried to rally the French and to rebel against him in Médéa.[9][10]

Abdelkader let an auxiliary force continue the siege of the French garrison in Tlemcen, and advanced with dozens of cavaliers to Médéa to stop the rebellion.[11][12]

Abdelkader wanted give land to his younger brother Mustafa, and in turn named him khalifa of Médéa territory before returning to Tlemcen to continue the siege.[13][14]

Mustapha worked to submit Titteri and Mitidja to the power of the Emirate of Abdelkader before passing the title of Bey of Titteri to his successor, Mohamed Berkani.[15][16]

Revolt of Kabylia edit

Main article: Raid on Reghaïa (1837)
See also: Expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha and First Battle of Boudouaou

On May 8, 1837, Mustapha organized a surprise attack on a large agricultural farm in Reghaïa to force the French occupiers to sign a cease-fire treaty with Abdelkader.[17][18]

The farm, managed by settlers Mercier and Saussine, was positioned with its 3,000 hectares of area at the entrance of Kabylia which remained in sight of the sustained advance of French colonization towards the plains of Oued Isser.[19][20]

Mustapha urged the marabouts of the zawiyas of the Beni Aïcha, the Issers, and the Amraoua to terrorize the French settlers to stop the invasion of the mountain range of Khachna, which precedes Djurdjura.[21][22]

The first Kabyle attack on Reghaïa alarmed General Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont, who was the military governor of Algiers. He ordered General Alexandre Charles Perrégaux and Colonel Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg to organize a punitive expedition against the Kabyles who sacked and looted the farm.[23]

Mustapha's goal was achieved, since the colonial troops, who were to quickly join Orania in order to contribute with General Bugeaud to the defeat of Abdelkader, were maintained and posted in Algiers in order to protect it and to organize the counter-offensive against the Emirate of Abdelkader.[24]

During the expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha on May 17, 1837, the colonial forces lost because of bad weather, while the First Battle of Boudouaou on May 25 ended with the signing of the Treaty of Tafna on May 30.[25]

Khalifa of M'Sila edit

 
Hodna Mountains
Main article: Hautes Plaines

Mustapha was later appointed in August 1839 by Abdelkader as Khalifa of the Hodna region around the M'Sila territory.[26][27] As soon as he arrived in M'Sila, he headed for the Hautes Plaines in the northeast, calling all the tribes in his path to arms against the French, and in less than eight days, the insurrection became widespread.[28][29]

Constantinois edit

At the beginning of 1840, Mustapha was commander-in-chief to the Algerian rebels that Abdelkader sent to the province of Constantine to harass the French troops.[30][31]

Mustapha carried out his mission in the Constantinois region and returned to temporarily live in Medjana before returning to the traveling capital of Abdelkader.[32][33]

Château d'Amboise edit

Main article: Château d'Amboise

After Abdelkader surrendered in 1847, Mustapha accompanied him with the other members of his family to be exiled in the Château d'Amboise in France. Mustapha, along with all of his other brothers, left Amboise and settled in Morocco.[34]

Gallery edit

See also edit

Bibliography edit

  • Armand-Gabriel Rozey (1840). Cris de conscience de l'Algérie. Paris: Rousseau, Libraire. pp. 336–343.
  • George Henri Schuster (1842). Correspondance militaire, ou recueil de modèles, pièces et actes authentiques relatifs au service militaire. Vienna: P. Rohrmann, Libraire. pp. 132–133.
  • Léon Galibert (1843). Histoire de l'Algérie, ancienne et moderne. Paris: Furne et Cie, Libraires-Éditeurs. pp. 474–475.
  • Léon Galibert (1844). L'Algérie ancienne et moderne. Paris: Furne et Cie, Libraires-Éditeurs. pp. 625–626.
  • Ministère de la Guerre (1845). Tableau de la situation des établissements français dans l'Algérie. Paris: Imprimerie royale. p. 405.
  • Histoire pittoresque de l'Afrique française. Paris: B. Renault, Éditeur. 1845. p. 219.
  • Journal des connaissances utiles: Courrier des familles, Volume 15. Paris. 1846. p. 345.
  • Société orientale (1846). Revue de l'Orient: Bulletin de la Société orientale, Volume 9. Paris: Delavigne, Libraire. pp. 344–346.
  • Auguste Debay (1848). Biographie d'Abd-el-Kader écrite dans le pays même où est né le célèbre bédouin. Relation de sa défaite et de sa soumission. Paris: Moquet, Libraire-Éditeur. p. 32.
  • Clara Filleul de Pétighy (1851). L'Algérie. Clermont: Thibaut-Landriot frères, Éditeurs. pp. 255–256.
  • Eugène de Civry (1853). Napoléon III et Abd-el-Kader, Charlemagne et Witikind. Paris: P. Martinon, Libraire-Éditeur. pp. 432–434.
  • Moritz Wagner (1854). The Tricolor on the Atlas, or, Algeria and the French Conquest. New York: Thomas Nelson. pp. 288–289.
  • Société orientale (1854). Revue de l'Orient et de L'Algérie et des Colonies. Paris: Just Rouvier, Libraire. p. 56.
  • Arsène Berteuil (1856). L'Algérie française, Volume 2. Paris: Dentu, Libraire-Éditeur. p. 245.
  • Edouard Carteron (1858). Compleḿent de l'Encycloped́ie moderne - Tome septième. Paris: Firmin Didot et Cie, Imprimeurs-Libraires. p. 376.
  • Revue contemporaine, Volume 63. Paris: Bureaux de la revue contemporaine. 1862. p. 530.
  • Recueil des notices et mémoires de la Société archélologique de la province de Constantine, Volumes 8 à 9. Constantine: Alessi et Arnolet, Libraire-Éditeur. 1864. pp. 197–198.
  • Société historique algérienne (1867). Revue africaine, Volume 11. Algiers: Adolphe Jourdan, Libraire-Éditeur. pp. 370–371.
  • Société historique algérienne (1884). Revue africaine, Volume 28. Algiers: Adolphe Jourdan, Libraire-Éditeur. p. 327.
  • Jean Baptiste Xavier Bardon (1886). Histoire nationale de l'Algérie. Paris: Ernest Leroux, Éditeur. p. 237.
  • Ferdinand-Désiré Quesnoy (1888). L'armée d'Afrique depuis la conquête d'Alger. Paris: Jouvet et Cie, Éditeurs. pp. 116–117.
  • Lucien Darier-Chatelain (1888). Historique du 3e régiment de tirailleurs algériens. Constantine: Georges Heim, Éditeur. pp. 14–16.
  • Léonce Grandin (1898). Le général Bourbaki. Paris: Berger-Levrault, Éditeur. p. 34.
  • Georges Yver (1927). Correspondance du général Damrémont (1837). Paris: Honoré Champion, Librairie ancienne. pp. 150–164–173.

References edit

  1. ^ "Revue de l'Orient: Bulletin de la Société orientale". 1846.
  2. ^ "Histoire pittoresque de l'Afrique française, son passé, son présent, son avenir, ou, l'Algérie sous tous les aspects: Le pays, les productions du sol, les habitants, leur origine, leurs mœurs, leurs usages, leurs costumes suivie de la conquête, des travaux et des expolits de nos régiments de la colonisation, ses ressources, ses progrès, ses espérances". 1845.
  3. ^ "ص567 - كتاب تاريخ الجزائر الثقافي - إخوة الأمير عبد القادر - المكتبة الشاملة الحديثة". al-maktaba.org. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  4. ^ Civry, Eugène de (1853). "Napoléon III et Abd-el-Kader, Charlemagne et Witikind: étude historique et politique. Biographie de l'Émir, contenant un grand nombre de lettres et de documents inédits".
  5. ^ "Biographie d'Abd-el-Kader écrite dans le pays même où est né le célèbre bédouin. Relation de sa défaite et de sa soumission". 1848.
  6. ^ Berteuil, Arsène (1856). "L'Algérie française".
  7. ^ "L'Algérie". 1851.
  8. ^ "Revue contemporaine: Philosophie - histoire - sciences - litterature - poesie - romans - voyages - critique - archeologie - beaux-arts". 1862.
  9. ^ "الامير عبد القادر محيي الدين الجزائري قائد رباني و مجاهد اسلامي".
  10. ^ Bardon, Jean Baptiste Xavier (1886). "Histoire nationale de l'Algérie".
  11. ^ "Cris de conscience de l'Algérie". 1840.
  12. ^ "Revue de l'Orient et de l'Algérie: Bulletin de la Société orientale". 1854.
  13. ^ Berteuil, Arsène (1856). "L'Algérie française".
  14. ^ France (1845). "Tableau de la situation des établissements français dans l'Algérie".
  15. ^ "الامير عبد القادر محيي الدين الجزائري قائد رباني و مجاهد اسلامي".
  16. ^ "Revue africaine: Journal des travaux de la Société Historique Algérienne". 1867.
  17. ^ Wagner, Moritz (1855). "The Tricolor on the Atlas: Or, Algeria and the French Conquest".
  18. ^ Schuster, George Henri (1842). "Correspondance militaire, ou recueil de modèles, pièces et actes authentiques relatifs au service militaire: ... Avec un vocabulaire militaire français - allemand".
  19. ^ "Encyclopédie moderne: Dictionnaire abrégé des sciences, lettres, arts". 1858.
  20. ^ "Histoire de l'Algérie, ancienne et moderne, depuis les premiers établissements de Carthaginois jusques et y compris les dernières campagnes du Général Bugeaud. Avec une introduction sur les divers systèmes de colonisation qui ont précédé la conquète française". Paris Furne. 1843.
  21. ^ "L'Algérie ancienne et moderne, etc. Vignettes par Raffet et Rouargue frères". 1844.
  22. ^ "Correspondance du général Damrémont, gouverneur général des possessions françaises dans le nord de l'Afrique (1837) Pub". 1927.
  23. ^ "Les époques militaires de la Grande Kabilie". 1857.
  24. ^ "Campagnes de l'armée d'Afrique, 1835-1839". Paris M. Lévy. 1870.
  25. ^ "L'Armée d'Afrique depuis la conquête d'Alger". Jouvet. 1888.
  26. ^ Darier-Chatelain, Lucien (1888). "Historique du 3e régiment de tirailleurs algériens".
  27. ^ "Annales algériennes". 1854.
  28. ^ Grandin, Léonce (1898). "Le général Bourbaki".
  29. ^ "Le 3e régiment de chasseurs d'Afrique". 1898.
  30. ^ "Journal des connaissances utiles: Courrier des familles". 1846.
  31. ^ "Recueil des notices et mémoires de la Société archélologique de la province de Constantine". 1864.
  32. ^ Algérienne, Société Historique (1884). "Revue africaine".
  33. ^ Bellemare, Alexandre (1863). "Abd-el-Kader, sa vie politique et militaire".
  34. ^ Civry, Eugene Comte de (1853). "Napoléon III et Abd-el-Kader, Charlemagne et Witikind: étude historique et politique. Biographie de l'Émir, contenant un grand nombre de lettres et de documents inédits".

January 01, 1970
emir, mustapha, this, article, about, other, uses, mustafa, mustapha, muhieddine, 1814, 1863, arabic, مصطفى, ابن, محيي, الدين, mustafa, muḥy, dīn, known, sidi, moustafa, moustafa, hassani, djazairi, algerian, religious, military, leader, struggle, against, fre. This article is about Emir Mustapha For other uses see Mustafa Mustapha ibn Muhieddine 1814 1863 Arabic مصطفى ابن محيي الدين Mustafa ibn Muḥy al din known as Emir Mustapha Sidi Moustafa Moustafa El Hassani El Djazairi was an Algerian religious and military leader who led a struggle against the French colonial invasion in the mid 19th century with his brother Emir Abdelkader 1 EmirMustapha El Djezairiمصطفى الـجـزائـريNative nameمصطفى ابن محيي الدينBirth nameMustafa ibn Muhieddine al HasaniBorn1814Guetna Regency of AlgiersDied1863 MoroccoAllegianceEmirate of AbdelkaderRankEmir Caliph BeyBattles warsRaid on Reghaia 1837 Expedition of the Col des Beni Aicha 1837 First Battle of Boudouaou 1837 Contents 1 Family 2 French conquest 3 Sahara tribes 4 Khalifa of Medea 5 Revolt of Kabylia 6 Khalifa of M Sila 7 Constantinois 8 Chateau d Amboise 9 Gallery 10 See also 11 Bibliography 12 ReferencesFamily edit nbsp Emir Abdelkader Mustapha was one of Mahieddine s sons and the younger brother of Emir Abdelkader He married one of his cousins with whom he had three sons and two daughters 2 In memory of his father one of his sons was named Mahieddine who married his cousin Zeyneb the daughter of his uncle Emir Abdelkader 3 French conquest editMain article Emirate of Abdelkader Mustapha strove to gain influence in the Emirate of Abdelkader and took an important part in the affairs of the Algerian country 4 Sahara tribes editIn 1836 Mustapha tried proclaim himself Sheikh of the Algerian Sahara tribe who had rallied to Abdelkader but his attempt failed and he was struck with disgrace clarification needed 5 6 However he deeply apologised so Abdelkader appointed him bey of Titteri in Medea 7 8 Khalifa of Medea edit nbsp Landscape of the Mezghena commune in the Titteri When Abdelkader laid siege to the city of Tlemcen in July 1836 to liberate it from General Louis Eugene Cavaignac he received news that some people had tried to rally the French and to rebel against him in Medea 9 10 Abdelkader let an auxiliary force continue the siege of the French garrison in Tlemcen and advanced with dozens of cavaliers to Medea to stop the rebellion 11 12 Abdelkader wanted give land to his younger brother Mustafa and in turn named him khalifa of Medea territory before returning to Tlemcen to continue the siege 13 14 Mustapha worked to submit Titteri and Mitidja to the power of the Emirate of Abdelkader before passing the title of Bey of Titteri to his successor Mohamed Berkani 15 16 Revolt of Kabylia editMain article Raid on Reghaia 1837 See also Expedition of the Col des Beni Aicha and First Battle of Boudouaou On May 8 1837 Mustapha organized a surprise attack on a large agricultural farm in Reghaia to force the French occupiers to sign a cease fire treaty with Abdelkader 17 18 The farm managed by settlers Mercier and Saussine was positioned with its 3 000 hectares of area at the entrance of Kabylia which remained in sight of the sustained advance of French colonization towards the plains of Oued Isser 19 20 Mustapha urged the marabouts of the zawiyas of the Beni Aicha the Issers and the Amraoua to terrorize the French settlers to stop the invasion of the mountain range of Khachna which precedes Djurdjura 21 22 The first Kabyle attack on Reghaia alarmed General Charles Marie Denys de Damremont who was the military governor of Algiers He ordered General Alexandre Charles Perregaux and Colonel Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg to organize a punitive expedition against the Kabyles who sacked and looted the farm 23 Mustapha s goal was achieved since the colonial troops who were to quickly join Orania in order to contribute with General Bugeaud to the defeat of Abdelkader were maintained and posted in Algiers in order to protect it and to organize the counter offensive against the Emirate of Abdelkader 24 During the expedition of the Col des Beni Aicha on May 17 1837 the colonial forces lost because of bad weather while the First Battle of Boudouaou on May 25 ended with the signing of the Treaty of Tafna on May 30 25 Khalifa of M Sila edit nbsp Hodna Mountains Main article Hautes Plaines Mustapha was later appointed in August 1839 by Abdelkader as Khalifa of the Hodna region around the M Sila territory 26 27 As soon as he arrived in M Sila he headed for the Hautes Plaines in the northeast calling all the tribes in his path to arms against the French and in less than eight days the insurrection became widespread 28 29 Constantinois editAt the beginning of 1840 Mustapha was commander in chief to the Algerian rebels that Abdelkader sent to the province of Constantine to harass the French troops 30 31 Mustapha carried out his mission in the Constantinois region and returned to temporarily live in Medjana before returning to the traveling capital of Abdelkader 32 33 Chateau d Amboise editMain article Chateau d Amboise After Abdelkader surrendered in 1847 Mustapha accompanied him with the other members of his family to be exiled in the Chateau d Amboise in France Mustapha along with all of his other brothers left Amboise and settled in Morocco 34 Gallery edit nbsp Emir Abdelkader 1808 1883 nbsp First Raid on Reghaia 1837 nbsp Expedition of the Col des Beni Aicha 1837 nbsp First Battle of Boudouaou 1837 nbsp First Battle of the Issers 1837 See also editFrench conquest of Algeria Emirate of Abdelkader First Raid on Reghaia 8 May 1837 Expedition of the Col des Beni Aicha 17 May 1837 First Battle of Boudouaou 25 May 1837 First Battle of the Issers 27 May 1837 Treaty of Tafna 30 May 1837 Bibliography editArmand Gabriel Rozey 1840 Cris de conscience de l Algerie Paris Rousseau Libraire pp 336 343 George Henri Schuster 1842 Correspondance militaire ou recueil de modeles pieces et actes authentiques relatifs au service militaire Vienna P Rohrmann Libraire pp 132 133 Leon Galibert 1843 Histoire de l Algerie ancienne et moderne Paris Furne et Cie Libraires Editeurs pp 474 475 Leon Galibert 1844 L Algerie ancienne et moderne Paris Furne et Cie Libraires Editeurs pp 625 626 Ministere de la Guerre 1845 Tableau de la situation des etablissements francais dans l Algerie Paris Imprimerie royale p 405 Histoire pittoresque de l Afrique francaise Paris B Renault Editeur 1845 p 219 Journal des connaissances utiles Courrier des familles Volume 15 Paris 1846 p 345 Societe orientale 1846 Revue de l Orient Bulletin de la Societe orientale Volume 9 Paris Delavigne Libraire pp 344 346 Auguste Debay 1848 Biographie d Abd el Kader ecrite dans le pays meme ou est ne le celebre bedouin Relation de sa defaite et de sa soumission Paris Moquet Libraire Editeur p 32 Clara Filleul de Petighy 1851 L Algerie Clermont Thibaut Landriot freres Editeurs pp 255 256 Eugene de Civry 1853 Napoleon III et Abd el Kader Charlemagne et Witikind Paris P Martinon Libraire Editeur pp 432 434 Moritz Wagner 1854 The Tricolor on the Atlas or Algeria and the French Conquest New York Thomas Nelson pp 288 289 Societe orientale 1854 Revue de l Orient et de L Algerie et des Colonies Paris Just Rouvier Libraire p 56 Arsene Berteuil 1856 L Algerie francaise Volume 2 Paris Dentu Libraire Editeur p 245 Louis Adrien Berbrugger 1857 Les epoques militaires de la Grande Kabilie Algiers Bastide Librairie Editeur pp 13 15 Edouard Carteron 1858 Compleḿent de l Encycloped ie moderne Tome septieme Paris Firmin Didot et Cie Imprimeurs Libraires p 376 Revue contemporaine Volume 63 Paris Bureaux de la revue contemporaine 1862 p 530 Alexandre Bellemare 1863 Abd el Kader sa vie politique et militaire Paris Louis Hachette et Cie Libraire p 166 Recueil des notices et memoires de la Societe archelologique de la province de Constantine Volumes 8 a 9 Constantine Alessi et Arnolet Libraire Editeur 1864 pp 197 198 Societe historique algerienne 1867 Revue africaine Volume 11 Algiers Adolphe Jourdan Libraire Editeur pp 370 371 Ferdinand Philippe d Orleans 1870 Campagnes de l armee d Afrique 1835 1839 Paris Michel Levy Freres pp 270 274 Societe historique algerienne 1884 Revue africaine Volume 28 Algiers Adolphe Jourdan Libraire Editeur p 327 Jean Baptiste Xavier Bardon 1886 Histoire nationale de l Algerie Paris Ernest Leroux Editeur p 237 Ferdinand Desire Quesnoy 1888 L armee d Afrique depuis la conquete d Alger Paris Jouvet et Cie Editeurs pp 116 117 Lucien Darier Chatelain 1888 Historique du 3e regiment de tirailleurs algeriens Constantine Georges Heim Editeur pp 14 16 Leonce Grandin 1898 Le general Bourbaki Paris Berger Levrault Editeur p 34 Georges Yver 1927 Correspondance du general Damremont 1837 Paris Honore Champion Librairie ancienne pp 150 164 173 References edit Revue de l Orient Bulletin de la Societe orientale 1846 Histoire pittoresque de l Afrique francaise son passe son present son avenir ou l Algerie sous tous les aspects Le pays les productions du sol les habitants leur origine leurs mœurs leurs usages leurs costumes suivie de la conquete des travaux et des expolits de nos regiments de la colonisation ses ressources ses progres ses esperances 1845 ص567 كتاب تاريخ الجزائر الثقافي إخوة الأمير عبد القادر المكتبة الشاملة الحديثة al maktaba org Retrieved 2 May 2021 Civry Eugene de 1853 Napoleon III et Abd el Kader Charlemagne et Witikind etude historique et politique Biographie de l Emir contenant un grand nombre de lettres et de documents inedits Biographie d Abd el Kader ecrite dans le pays meme ou est ne le celebre bedouin Relation de sa defaite et de sa soumission 1848 Berteuil Arsene 1856 L Algerie francaise L Algerie 1851 Revue contemporaine Philosophie histoire sciences litterature poesie romans voyages critique archeologie beaux arts 1862 الامير عبد القادر محيي الدين الجزائري قائد رباني و مجاهد اسلامي Bardon Jean Baptiste Xavier 1886 Histoire nationale de l Algerie Cris de conscience de l Algerie 1840 Revue de l Orient et de l Algerie Bulletin de la Societe orientale 1854 Berteuil Arsene 1856 L Algerie francaise France 1845 Tableau de la situation des etablissements francais dans l Algerie الامير عبد القادر محيي الدين الجزائري قائد رباني و مجاهد اسلامي Revue africaine Journal des travaux de la Societe Historique Algerienne 1867 Wagner Moritz 1855 The Tricolor on the Atlas Or Algeria and the French Conquest Schuster George Henri 1842 Correspondance militaire ou recueil de modeles pieces et actes authentiques relatifs au service militaire Avec un vocabulaire militaire francais allemand Encyclopedie moderne Dictionnaire abrege des sciences lettres arts 1858 Histoire de l Algerie ancienne et moderne depuis les premiers etablissements de Carthaginois jusques et y compris les dernieres campagnes du General Bugeaud Avec une introduction sur les divers systemes de colonisation qui ont precede la conquete francaise Paris Furne 1843 L Algerie ancienne et moderne etc Vignettes par Raffet et Rouargue freres 1844 Correspondance du general Damremont gouverneur general des possessions francaises dans le nord de l Afrique 1837 Pub 1927 Les epoques militaires de la Grande Kabilie 1857 Campagnes de l armee d Afrique 1835 1839 Paris M Levy 1870 L Armee d Afrique depuis la conquete d Alger Jouvet 1888 Darier Chatelain Lucien 1888 Historique du 3e regiment de tirailleurs algeriens Annales algeriennes 1854 Grandin Leonce 1898 Le general Bourbaki Le 3e regiment de chasseurs d Afrique 1898 Journal des connaissances utiles Courrier des familles 1846 Recueil des notices et memoires de la Societe archelologique de la province de Constantine 1864 Algerienne Societe Historique 1884 Revue africaine Bellemare Alexandre 1863 Abd el Kader sa vie politique et militaire Civry Eugene Comte de 1853 Napoleon III et Abd el Kader Charlemagne et Witikind etude historique et politique Biographie de l Emir contenant un grand nombre de lettres et de documents inedits Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Emir Mustapha amp oldid 1211523687, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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