The Eltanin Fault System (Eltanin Fracture Zone) is a series of six or seven dextral transform faults that offset the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, a spreading zone between the Pacific Plate and the Antarctic Plate. This is extending by up to 7.93 cm/year (3.12 in/year).[1] It was named after USNS Eltanin.[2] The affected zone of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge is about 800 km (500 mi) long, between 56° S, 145° W and 54.5° S, 118.5° W,[3] southwest of Easter Island, and about as far as one can get from land on planet Earth (48°52.6′S 123°23.6′W).[4] However, the total offset is about 1600 km.[3] The two major faults in the Eltanin Fracture Zone are the Heezen transform fault and the Tharp transform fault, usually known as fracture zones as they extend inactively from the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge.[2] A third named after Hollister, which is the shortest to the south, also exists and its active transform region has been linked to the other transform regions of the Eltanin Fault System.[2] They are about 1,000 km (620 mi) long and have been in the last 50 years the location of many earthquakes of up to Mw6.4.[5] One segment of the Heezen transform has ruptured with an average repeat interval of 4 years.[2] Others related faults include the Vacquier Transform Fault, the Menard Transform Fault, and the Udintsev Fault.[6]
Approximate surface projection on Southern Ocean of Eltanin Fault System components (violet). Other nearby fracture zones (orange) and associated features such as probable extension of fracture zones are also shown (lighter orange). Click to expand map to obtain interactive fracture zone details.
Pacific Ocean depth map showing the Heezen Fault and the Tharp Fault as #17.
^ abLonsdale, Peter (1994). "Structural geomorphology of the Eltanin fault system and adjacent transform faults of the Pacific-Antarctic plate boundary". Marine Geophysical Researches. 16 (2): 105–143. Bibcode:1994MarGR..16..105L. doi:10.1007/BF01224756.
^Because of the generally remote character of the epicentral area (the Eltanin Fracture Zone is indeed close to the point at sea farthest away from any land shore) page 10.497, Stewart, Lisa M.; Okal, Emile A. (1983). "Seismicity and Aseismic Slip Along the Eltanin Fracture Zone" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 88 (B12): 10, 495–10, 507. Bibcode:1983JGR....8810495S. doi:10.1029/jb088ib12p10495.
^Dosso, L.; et al. (2005). "The Pacififi c-Antarctic Ridge between 41°15'S and 52°45'S: Survey and sampling during the PACANTARCTIC 2 cruise" (PDF). InterRidge News. 14: 1–4.
Sourcesedit
Sykes, Lynn R.; Ekstörm, Göran (2011). "Earthquakes along Eltanin transform system, SE Pacific Ocean: fault segments characterized by strong and poor seismic coupling and implications for long-term earthquake prediction". Geophysical Journal International. 188 (2): 421–434. Bibcode:2012GeoJI.188..421S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05284.x.
Further readingedit
Beutel, Erin K.; Okal, Emile A. (2003). "Strength asperities along oceanic transform faults: a model for the origin of extensional earthquakes on the Eltanin transform system". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 216 (1/2): 27–41. Bibcode:2003E&PSL.216...27B. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00484-9.
Kashintsev, G.L.; Frikh-khar, D. (1978). "Structure of the oceanic crust in the Eltanin Fault Zone (Pacific Ocean) based on petrographic data". Oceanology. 18: 39–42.
Lonsdale, Peter (1986). "Tectonic and magmatic ridges in the eltanin fault system, South Pacific". Marine Geophysical Researches. 8 (3): 203–242. Bibcode:1986MarGR...8..203L. doi:10.1007/BF00305484.
Lonsdale, Peter (1994). "Structural geomorphology of the Eltanin fault system and adjacent transform faults of the Pacific-Antarctic plate boundary". Marine Geophysical Researches. 16 (2): 105–143. Bibcode:1994MarGR..16..105L. doi:10.1007/BF01224756.
Okal, Emile A.; Langenhorst, Amy R. (2000). "Seismic properties of the Eltanin Transform System, South Pacific". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 119 ((3/4): 185–208. Bibcode:2000PEPI..119..185O. doi:10.1016/S0031-9201(99)00169-7.
Stewart, Lisa M.; Okal, Emile A. (1983). "Seismicity and Aseismic Slip Along the Eltanin Fracture Zone" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 88 (B12): 10, 495–10, 507. Bibcode:1983JGR....8810495S. doi:10.1029/jb088ib12p10495.
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eltanin, fault, system, eltanin, fracture, zone, series, seven, dextral, transform, faults, that, offset, pacific, antarctic, ridge, spreading, zone, between, pacific, plate, antarctic, plate, this, extending, year, year, named, after, usns, eltanin, affected,. The Eltanin Fault System Eltanin Fracture Zone is a series of six or seven dextral transform faults that offset the Pacific Antarctic Ridge a spreading zone between the Pacific Plate and the Antarctic Plate This is extending by up to 7 93 cm year 3 12 in year 1 It was named after USNS Eltanin 2 The affected zone of the Pacific Antarctic Ridge is about 800 km 500 mi long between 56 S 145 W and 54 5 S 118 5 W 3 southwest of Easter Island and about as far as one can get from land on planet Earth 48 52 6 S 123 23 6 W 4 However the total offset is about 1600 km 3 The two major faults in the Eltanin Fracture Zone are the Heezen transform fault and the Tharp transform fault usually known as fracture zones as they extend inactively from the Pacific Antarctic Ridge 2 A third named after Hollister which is the shortest to the south also exists and its active transform region has been linked to the other transform regions of the Eltanin Fault System 2 They are about 1 000 km 620 mi long and have been in the last 50 years the location of many earthquakes of up to Mw6 4 5 One segment of the Heezen transform has ruptured with an average repeat interval of 4 years 2 Others related faults include the Vacquier Transform Fault the Menard Transform Fault and the Udintsev Fault 6 Approximate surface projection on Southern Ocean of Eltanin Fault System components violet Other nearby fracture zones orange and associated features such as probable extension of fracture zones are also shown lighter orange Click to expand map to obtain interactive fracture zone details Pacific Ocean depth map showing the Heezen Fault and the Tharp Fault as 17 To the northwest in an almost linear fashion as seafloor features are the Hollister Ridge and the Louisville Seamount Chain Contents 1 See also 2 Notes 3 Sources 4 Further readingSee also editHollister RidgeNotes edit Sykes amp Ekstorm 2011 p 430 a b c d Sykes amp Ekstorm 2011 p 422 a b Lonsdale Peter 1994 Structural geomorphology of the Eltanin fault system and adjacent transform faults of the Pacific Antarctic plate boundary Marine Geophysical Researches 16 2 105 143 Bibcode 1994MarGR 16 105L doi 10 1007 BF01224756 Because of the generally remote character of the epicentral area the Eltanin Fracture Zone is indeed close to the point at sea farthest away from any land shore page 10 497 Stewart Lisa M Okal Emile A 1983 Seismicity and Aseismic Slip Along the Eltanin Fracture Zone PDF Journal of Geophysical Research 88 B12 10 495 10 507 Bibcode 1983JGR 8810495S doi 10 1029 jb088ib12p10495 Sykes amp Ekstorm 2011 p 421 Dosso L et al 2005 The Pacififi c Antarctic Ridge between 41 15 S and 52 45 S Survey and sampling during the PACANTARCTIC 2 cruise PDF InterRidge News 14 1 4 Sources editSykes Lynn R Ekstorm Goran 2011 Earthquakes along Eltanin transform system SE Pacific Ocean fault segments characterized by strong and poor seismic coupling and implications for long term earthquake prediction Geophysical Journal International 188 2 421 434 Bibcode 2012GeoJI 188 421S doi 10 1111 j 1365 246X 2011 05284 x Further reading editBeutel Erin K Okal Emile A 2003 Strength asperities along oceanic transform faults a model for the origin of extensional earthquakes on the Eltanin transform system Earth and Planetary Science Letters 216 1 2 27 41 Bibcode 2003E amp PSL 216 27B doi 10 1016 S0012 821X 03 00484 9 Kashintsev G L Frikh khar D 1978 Structure of the oceanic crust in the Eltanin Fault Zone Pacific Ocean based on petrographic data Oceanology 18 39 42 Lonsdale Peter 1986 Tectonic and magmatic ridges in the eltanin fault system South Pacific Marine Geophysical Researches 8 3 203 242 Bibcode 1986MarGR 8 203L doi 10 1007 BF00305484 Lonsdale Peter 1994 Structural geomorphology of the Eltanin fault system and adjacent transform faults of the Pacific Antarctic plate boundary Marine Geophysical Researches 16 2 105 143 Bibcode 1994MarGR 16 105L doi 10 1007 BF01224756 Okal Emile A Langenhorst Amy R 2000 Seismic properties of the Eltanin Transform System South Pacific Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 119 3 4 185 208 Bibcode 2000PEPI 119 185O doi 10 1016 S0031 9201 99 00169 7 Stewart Lisa M Okal Emile A 1983 Seismicity and Aseismic Slip Along the Eltanin Fracture Zone PDF Journal of Geophysical Research 88 B12 10 495 10 507 Bibcode 1983JGR 8810495S doi 10 1029 jb088ib12p10495 nbsp This tectonics article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eltanin Fault System amp oldid 1184030030, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
