In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Campodónico and the second or maternal family name is Moreno.
Elida Luisa Campodónico Moreno (6 August 1894 – 6 January 1960) was a Panamanian teacher, women's rights advocate and attorney. She was one of the founders of the National Feminist Party of Panama and worked for women to gain voting rights. She established the Panamanian branch of La Gota de Leche and was the second woman in Panama to become an attorney. After women won the right to vote, Campodónico joined the diplomatic corps and became the first woman ambassador in Latin America, when she was appointed as Panama's ambassador to Mexico in 1952.
Elida Luisa Campodónico Moreno was born on 6 August 1894 in Macaracas, Los Santos Province, Department of Panama, Colombia to Josefa María Moreno and José Campodónico. Her mother was Panamanian and the daughter of the doctor, Manuel Balbino Moreno; her father was a merchant and rancher of Italian provenance.[1] When she was nine years old, in 1903, Panama gained its independence from Colombia.[2] She completed her primary education in La Villa de los Santos and then went to Panama City to complete her secondary schooling at the Catholic girls' school Santa María. With her brother, Domiluis, Campodónico journeyed to Bellinzona in the Swiss Canton of Ticino in the Italian Alps to study education. In 1919, she received a masters of education for teaching kindergarten and primary school, as well as certificates for teaching French, Italian and Spanish. Returning to Panama City, she began teaching as the professor of geography and history at the teacher's training school. She soon married José Daniel Crespo [es], and educator.[1] Because their teaching methods were seen as too progressive, the couple were dismissed from the normal school.[3] Together they set up the first school to train kindergarten teachers. The school utilized the Montessori method and was operated out of the couple's home.[1]
Political activity
In 1923, Campodónico joined with Otilia Arosemena de Tejeira [es], Clara González, Enriqueta Morales and Sara Sotillo to found the National Feminist Party (Spanish: Partido Nacional Feminista) (PNF) and the National Society for Women's Progress (Spanish: Sociedad Nacional para el Progreso de la Mujer.[4] She served as Vice President of the PNF.[5] The following year, the women with Rosa Navas established the School of Feminist Culture (Spanish: Escuela de Cultura Femenina) to provide lectures on civics, history and politics, preparing women for professional and societal participation.[6] The goal of all the organizations was to open the access of women to civil, economic, social and political participation in Panamanian society.[4] During this period, Campodónico also helped establish a Panamanian branch of La Gota de Leche, a humanitarian organization aimed at providing milk for undernourished children.[1]
Legal career and campaigning
In the 1930s, after having four children. She began attending school at the Free School of Law (Spanish: Escuela Libre de Derecho) of Panama. In 1935, she became the second Panamanian woman to graduate with a law degree—the first was Clara González—with a thesis[3] on La delincuencia de la mujer en Panamá (The Crime of Women in Panama).[5] Campodónico became a litigator, fighting for the rights of women and children. She actively fought for women's suffrage, founding and editing the journal Feminist Renewal (Spanish: Feminista Renovación).[3] With other feminists, she presented a petition with 2,000 signatures to the National Assembly of Panama demanding the right to vote and amendments to the Civil Code to establish a Juvenile Court System, as well as industrial schools and laws to protect working women. Their plea went unanswered, but a law was passed establishing a system for citizens to obtain an identity card. The PNF demanded cards for their membership. In 1936 when Campodónico, González, and Arosemena called on the secretary to protest their inability to obtain an identity card, he famously replied, "En Panamá no hay ciudadanas, sino ciudadanos" (In Panama there are no female citizens, only male citizens.)[7]
In response, PNF presented another petition to the National Assembly for reform of the election laws, but it failed to move forward. Frustrated, the women proposed to hold a Congress in 1938 to work towards reforming the legal code, but it was blocked by President Arosemena.[7] In July, 1941 a series of laws had been passed which effectively took away Panamanian women's citizenship, while at the same time offering them limited voting rights in provincial councils, if they were literate.[8] Then in 1941, a coup d'état against Arnulfo Arias led to instability[9] and the need to form a new Constitutional Assembly.[8] On December 31, 1944, González founded the Party, National Women's Union, (Spanish: Unión Nacional de Mujeres) (UNM)[5] with Campodónico on the administrative board.[3] González, as a representative of UNM ran to be a delegate in the assembly. She did not win a seat, but Gumercinda Páez and Esther Neira de Calvo were elected as part of the Constitutional Assembly and finally women in Panama won the right to vote.[10]
Roles in government and later life
Campodónico was appointed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the UNM[1] and worked as the legal representative for several trade unions including the Panamanian Teachers Union.[11] In 1952, she was appointed as the first woman ambassador in Latin America, serving as Panama's ambassador to Mexico.[12] After retiring from the diplomatic service, she returned to Panama where she worked in business until her death on 6 January 1960 in Panama City.[1]
Del Vasto, Cesar (2007). "Panama en la Guerra Civil Española" (in Spanish). Panama City, Panama: Redaccion Popular. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
Leonard, Thomas M. (2014). Historical Dictionary of Panama. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN978-0-8108-7835-8.
Marco Serra, Yolanda; López Arias, Ricardo (1 September 2013). "Feministas, transgresoras y luchadoras". La Prensa (in Spanish). Panama City, Panama. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
McPherson, Alan (2013). Encyclopedia of U.S. Military Interventions in Latin America. Vol. 1: A–L. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-1-59884-260-9.
"Coup d'Etat in Panama". The Canberra Times. Canberra, Australia. 11 October 1941. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
"Elida Campodónico". Repositorio de Documentos Digitales (in Spanish). Panama City, Panama: Biblioteca Nacional de Panamá (originally appeared in Fondo de la Naciones Unidas para la Infancia, 1996). 25 April 2005. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
"Elida Campodonico de Crespo: Macaracas, 1894 – Panamá 1960". Fundación del Trabajo (in Spanish). Panama City, Panama. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
Staff Wilson, Mariblanca (2003). (in Spanish). Panama City, Panama: Legalinfo-Panama. Archived from the original on 23 March 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
"Luchando por el derecho al sufragio". La Prensa (in Spanish). Panama City, Panama. 8 September 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
"Mujeres" (PDF) (in Spanish). Panamá City, Panama: Repositorio de Documentos Digitales, Panamá. January 2000: 9–20. Retrieved 15 March 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
May 05, 2023
elida, campodónico, this, spanish, name, first, paternal, surname, campodónico, second, maternal, family, name, moreno, elida, luisa, campodónico, moreno, august, 1894, january, 1960, panamanian, teacher, women, rights, advocate, attorney, founders, national, . In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Campodonico and the second or maternal family name is Moreno Elida Luisa Campodonico Moreno 6 August 1894 6 January 1960 was a Panamanian teacher women s rights advocate and attorney She was one of the founders of the National Feminist Party of Panama and worked for women to gain voting rights She established the Panamanian branch of La Gota de Leche and was the second woman in Panama to become an attorney After women won the right to vote Campodonico joined the diplomatic corps and became the first woman ambassador in Latin America when she was appointed as Panama s ambassador to Mexico in 1952 Elida CampodonicoBornElida Luisa Campodonico Moreno 1894 08 06 6 August 1894Macaracas Los Santos Province Department of Panama ColombiaDied6 January 1960 1960 01 06 aged 65 Panama City PanamaNationalityPanamanianOther namesElida Luisa Campodonico de CrespoOccupation s teacher women s rights advocate attorneyYears active1919 1960Known forFirst woman ambassador in Latin America Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Political activity 3 Legal career and campaigning 4 Roles in government and later life 5 References 5 1 Citations 5 2 SourcesEarly life and education EditElida Luisa Campodonico Moreno was born on 6 August 1894 in Macaracas Los Santos Province Department of Panama Colombia to Josefa Maria Moreno and Jose Campodonico Her mother was Panamanian and the daughter of the doctor Manuel Balbino Moreno her father was a merchant and rancher of Italian provenance 1 When she was nine years old in 1903 Panama gained its independence from Colombia 2 She completed her primary education in La Villa de los Santos and then went to Panama City to complete her secondary schooling at the Catholic girls school Santa Maria With her brother Domiluis Campodonico journeyed to Bellinzona in the Swiss Canton of Ticino in the Italian Alps to study education In 1919 she received a masters of education for teaching kindergarten and primary school as well as certificates for teaching French Italian and Spanish Returning to Panama City she began teaching as the professor of geography and history at the teacher s training school She soon married Jose Daniel Crespo es and educator 1 Because their teaching methods were seen as too progressive the couple were dismissed from the normal school 3 Together they set up the first school to train kindergarten teachers The school utilized the Montessori method and was operated out of the couple s home 1 Political activity EditIn 1923 Campodonico joined with Otilia Arosemena de Tejeira es Clara Gonzalez Enriqueta Morales and Sara Sotillo to found the National Feminist Party Spanish Partido Nacional Feminista PNF and the National Society for Women s Progress Spanish Sociedad Nacional para el Progreso de la Mujer 4 She served as Vice President of the PNF 5 The following year the women with Rosa Navas established the School of Feminist Culture Spanish Escuela de Cultura Femenina to provide lectures on civics history and politics preparing women for professional and societal participation 6 The goal of all the organizations was to open the access of women to civil economic social and political participation in Panamanian society 4 During this period Campodonico also helped establish a Panamanian branch of La Gota de Leche a humanitarian organization aimed at providing milk for undernourished children 1 Legal career and campaigning EditIn the 1930s after having four children She began attending school at the Free School of Law Spanish Escuela Libre de Derecho of Panama In 1935 she became the second Panamanian woman to graduate with a law degree the first was Clara Gonzalez with a thesis 3 on La delincuencia de la mujer en Panama The Crime of Women in Panama 5 Campodonico became a litigator fighting for the rights of women and children She actively fought for women s suffrage founding and editing the journal Feminist Renewal Spanish Feminista Renovacion 3 With other feminists she presented a petition with 2 000 signatures to the National Assembly of Panama demanding the right to vote and amendments to the Civil Code to establish a Juvenile Court System as well as industrial schools and laws to protect working women Their plea went unanswered but a law was passed establishing a system for citizens to obtain an identity card The PNF demanded cards for their membership In 1936 when Campodonico Gonzalez and Arosemena called on the secretary to protest their inability to obtain an identity card he famously replied En Panama no hay ciudadanas sino ciudadanos In Panama there are no female citizens only male citizens 7 In response PNF presented another petition to the National Assembly for reform of the election laws but it failed to move forward Frustrated the women proposed to hold a Congress in 1938 to work towards reforming the legal code but it was blocked by President Arosemena 7 In July 1941 a series of laws had been passed which effectively took away Panamanian women s citizenship while at the same time offering them limited voting rights in provincial councils if they were literate 8 Then in 1941 a coup d etat against Arnulfo Arias led to instability 9 and the need to form a new Constitutional Assembly 8 On December 31 1944 Gonzalez founded the Party National Women s Union Spanish Union Nacional de Mujeres UNM 5 with Campodonico on the administrative board 3 Gonzalez as a representative of UNM ran to be a delegate in the assembly She did not win a seat but Gumercinda Paez and Esther Neira de Calvo were elected as part of the Constitutional Assembly and finally women in Panama won the right to vote 10 Roles in government and later life EditCampodonico was appointed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the UNM 1 and worked as the legal representative for several trade unions including the Panamanian Teachers Union 11 In 1952 she was appointed as the first woman ambassador in Latin America serving as Panama s ambassador to Mexico 12 After retiring from the diplomatic service she returned to Panama where she worked in business until her death on 6 January 1960 in Panama City 1 References EditCitations Edit a b c d e f Biblioteca Nacional de Panama 2005 McPherson 2013 p 479 a b c d Leonard 2014 p 65 a b Marco Serra amp Lopez Arias 2013 a b c Staff Wilson 2003 Leonard 2014 p 140 a b La Prensa 2013 a b Mujeres 2000 p 1 The Canberra Times 1941 p 1 Mujeres 2000 p 2 Del Vasto 2007 Fundacion del Trabajo 2013 Sources Edit Del Vasto Cesar 2007 Panama en la Guerra Civil Espanola in Spanish Panama City Panama Redaccion Popular Retrieved 15 March 2016 Leonard Thomas M 2014 Historical Dictionary of Panama Lanham Maryland Rowman amp Littlefield Publishers ISBN 978 0 8108 7835 8 Marco Serra Yolanda Lopez Arias Ricardo 1 September 2013 Feministas transgresoras y luchadoras La Prensa in Spanish Panama City Panama Retrieved 15 March 2016 McPherson Alan 2013 Encyclopedia of U S Military Interventions in Latin America Vol 1 A L Santa Barbara California ABC CLIO ISBN 978 1 59884 260 9 Coup d Etat in Panama The Canberra Times Canberra Australia 11 October 1941 Retrieved 15 March 2016 Elida Campodonico Repositorio de Documentos Digitales in Spanish Panama City Panama Biblioteca Nacional de Panama originally appeared in Fondo de la Naciones Unidas para la Infancia 1996 25 April 2005 Retrieved 15 March 2016 Elida Campodonico de Crespo Macaracas 1894 Panama 1960 Fundacion del Trabajo in Spanish Panama City Panama Retrieved 15 March 2016 Staff Wilson Mariblanca 2003 Genero y Abogacia in Spanish Panama City Panama Legalinfo Panama Archived from the original on 23 March 2015 Retrieved 15 March 2016 Luchando por el derecho al sufragio La Prensa in Spanish Panama City Panama 8 September 2013 Retrieved 15 March 2016 Mujeres PDF in Spanish Panama City Panama Repositorio de Documentos Digitales Panama January 2000 9 20 Retrieved 15 March 2016 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Elida Campodonico amp oldid 1097946169, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
