In his speech to the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), Leonid Brezhnev told the delegates that the main goal of the Eleventh Five–Year Plan was to transition the Soviet economy from extensive to intensive growth, and to further improve the standard of living by 18–20 percent by 1985.[2] He also told the Congress that the 1979 economic reform, initiated by Alexei Kosygin, would be of major importance to the five-year plan's success.[3] Other goals were halting migration from East to West and South to North as well as ensuring economic growth. By 1981 the majority of Soviet economic centers were located in underdeveloped areas, such as Siberia and Central Asia. According to the Soviet government, the solution was to reduce social differences in the republics, oblasts and sub-regional units—in Brezhnev's words to establish an "effective demographic policy".[4] However, according to the Soviet government, the socioeconomic development of the Soviet Republics had been evened out due to the altruism of the Russian people, such that developmental differences between republics were no longer a problem.[5]
Nikolai Tikhonov, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, told the Congress that industrial output would grow by an estimated 26-28 percent during the five-year plan and capital investment by between 12–15 percent over the preceding plan. Tikhonov criticised what he saw as inefficiencies within the planned economy, placing most of the blame on low labour productivity, which as a result was targeted to grow by 23–25 percent, an increase of 6–8 percent over the preceding plan.[6] "The basic guidelines for the USSR's economic and social development in 1981–85 and the period up to 1990", an economic plan proposed by Tikhonov, was adopted by the Congress. The five key points of Tikhonov's economic plan were:[7]
Growth in the eastern regions to be accelerated.
Labour reserves of Central Asia to be better utilised, with training of a well-educated workforce improved.
Modernisation of enterprises in Soviet Europe and existing resources put to better use.
Territorial production complexes put to better use.
An increase in the Soviet's role in oversight of the planned economy.
In his presentation to the congress, Tikhonov admitted that Soviet agriculture had failed to produce enough grain. He called for improvements in Soviet–US relations, but dismissed all speculation that the Soviet economy was in any sort of crisis.[8] However, he went on to admit that there were economic "shortcomings" and acknowledged the ongoing "food problem". Other topics for discussion were the need to save energy resources and to improve the quality of Soviet produced goods.[9]
Fulfillmentedit
By the 1980s the Soviet economy had stagnated, with the natural gas industry the only Soviet fuel industry to surpass the five-year plan's indicators.[10] Although 40,000 robots were produced during the plan,[11] advances in computer technology decreased.[12] At the end of his life, former Premier Alexei Kosygin feared the complete failure of this five-year plan, claiming that the incumbent leadership were reluctant to reform the stagnant Soviet economy.[13] None of the Soviet Far East oblasts fulfilled the five-year plan's housing targets.[14]
By the 1960s, the goal of increasing the labour surplus had become a major obstacle, caused by factors including the declining birth rate. Labour growth had also stagnated with working population growth remaining at 18 percent between 1971 and 1980. The table below uses the planner's targets as a base for comparison with actual increases in industrial growth due to labour productivity.[15]
Year
% growth achieved
11th Five-Year Plan
90
1981
62
1982
61
1983
80
1984
93
According to Nikolai Ryzhkov, the Soviet Premier at the 27th Party Congress, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan had not been able meet the USSR's fuel requirements.[16]
^"Tikhonov Bids for U.S. Trade". Reading Eagle. 27 February 1981.
^"Soviets put squeeze on U.S. for summit". Tri-City Herald. 27 February 1981.
^Dodd, Charles K. (1994). Industrial decision-making and high-risk technology: siting nuclear power facilities in the USSR. Taylor & Francis. p. 36. ISBN0-8476-7847-4.
eleventh, five, year, plan, soviet, union, eleventh, five, year, plan, 11th, five, year, plan, union, soviet, socialist, republics, ussr, goals, designed, strengthen, country, economy, between, 1981, 1985, plan, presented, chairman, council, ministers, nikolai. The Eleventh Five Year Plan or the 11th Five Year Plan of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USSR was a set of goals designed to strengthen the country s economy between 1981 and 1985 The plan was presented by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers Nikolai Tikhonov at the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union CPSU 1 Contents 1 The 26th Congress 2 Fulfillment 3 See also 4 ReferencesThe 26th Congress editMain article 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union nbsp A Soviet stamp devoted to the 26th Party CongressIn his speech to the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union CPSU Leonid Brezhnev told the delegates that the main goal of the Eleventh Five Year Plan was to transition the Soviet economy from extensive to intensive growth and to further improve the standard of living by 18 20 percent by 1985 2 He also told the Congress that the 1979 economic reform initiated by Alexei Kosygin would be of major importance to the five year plan s success 3 Other goals were halting migration from East to West and South to North as well as ensuring economic growth By 1981 the majority of Soviet economic centers were located in underdeveloped areas such as Siberia and Central Asia According to the Soviet government the solution was to reduce social differences in the republics oblasts and sub regional units in Brezhnev s words to establish an effective demographic policy 4 However according to the Soviet government the socioeconomic development of the Soviet Republics had been evened out due to the altruism of the Russian people such that developmental differences between republics were no longer a problem 5 Nikolai Tikhonov the Chairman of the Council of Ministers told the Congress that industrial output would grow by an estimated 26 28 percent during the five year plan and capital investment by between 12 15 percent over the preceding plan Tikhonov criticised what he saw as inefficiencies within the planned economy placing most of the blame on low labour productivity which as a result was targeted to grow by 23 25 percent an increase of 6 8 percent over the preceding plan 6 The basic guidelines for the USSR s economic and social development in 1981 85 and the period up to 1990 an economic plan proposed by Tikhonov was adopted by the Congress The five key points of Tikhonov s economic plan were 7 Growth in the eastern regions to be accelerated Labour reserves of Central Asia to be better utilised with training of a well educated workforce improved Modernisation of enterprises in Soviet Europe and existing resources put to better use Territorial production complexes put to better use An increase in the Soviet s role in oversight of the planned economy In his presentation to the congress Tikhonov admitted that Soviet agriculture had failed to produce enough grain He called for improvements in Soviet US relations but dismissed all speculation that the Soviet economy was in any sort of crisis 8 However he went on to admit that there were economic shortcomings and acknowledged the ongoing food problem Other topics for discussion were the need to save energy resources and to improve the quality of Soviet produced goods 9 Fulfillment editBy the 1980s the Soviet economy had stagnated with the natural gas industry the only Soviet fuel industry to surpass the five year plan s indicators 10 Although 40 000 robots were produced during the plan 11 advances in computer technology decreased 12 At the end of his life former Premier Alexei Kosygin feared the complete failure of this five year plan claiming that the incumbent leadership were reluctant to reform the stagnant Soviet economy 13 None of the Soviet Far East oblasts fulfilled the five year plan s housing targets 14 By the 1960s the goal of increasing the labour surplus had become a major obstacle caused by factors including the declining birth rate Labour growth had also stagnated with working population growth remaining at 18 percent between 1971 and 1980 The table below uses the planner s targets as a base for comparison with actual increases in industrial growth due to labour productivity 15 Year growth achieved11th Five Year Plan 901981 621982 611983 801984 93 According to Nikolai Ryzhkov the Soviet Premier at the 27th Party Congress the Eleventh Five Year Plan had not been able meet the USSR s fuel requirements 16 See also editFive year plans of the Soviet Union First Five Year Plan Soviet Union Ninth Five Year Plan Soviet Union Tenth Five Year Plan Soviet Union References editNotes Lahusen Thomas Solomon Peter H 2008 What is Soviet now identities legacies memories LIT Verlag Munster p 206 ISBN 978 3 8258 0640 8 Dellenbrat 1986 p 109 Dellenbrat 1986 pp 109 110 Dellenbrat 1986 p 110 Dellenbrat 1986 pp 110 111 Dellenbrat 1986 p 111 Dellenbrat 1986 pp 111 112 Tikhonov Bids for U S Trade Reading Eagle 27 February 1981 Soviets put squeeze on U S for summit Tri City Herald 27 February 1981 Dodd Charles K 1994 Industrial decision making and high risk technology siting nuclear power facilities in the USSR Taylor amp Francis p 36 ISBN 0 8476 7847 4 Yovits Marshall C 1990 Advances in computers Vol 30 Academic Press p 282 ISBN 0 12 012130 1 Yovits Marshall C 1990 Advances in computers Vol 30 Academic Press p 244 ISBN 0 12 012130 1 Vergasov Fateh Organizaciya zdorovogo nakala The Healthy Glow of Organisation in Russian pseudology org Retrieved 4 September 2010 Rodgers Allan L 1990 The Soviet Far East geographical perspectives on development Taylor amp Francis p 71 ISBN 0 415 02406 4 Arnot Bob 1988 Controlling Soviet labour experimental change from Brezhnev to Gorbachev M E Sharpe p 71 ISBN 0 87332 470 6 Hardt John Pearce McMillan Charles H 1988 Planned economies confronting the challenges of the 1980s M E Sharpe p 71 ISBN 0 87332 470 6 BibliographyDellenbrant Jan Ake 1986 The Soviet regional dilemma planning people and natural resources M E Sharpe ISBN 0 87332 384 X Preceded by10th Plan1976 1981 11th Five Year Plan1981 1985 Succeeded by12th Plan1986 1990 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eleventh five year plan Soviet Union amp oldid 1164699491, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
