El-Shafie Ahmed el-Sheikh
El-Shafie Ahmed el-Sheikh (Arabic: الشفيع أحمد الشيخ // ⓘ; 2 May 1924 – 28 July 1971) was Secretary-General of the Sudanese General Federation of Workers' Trade Unions (SWTUF), member of the executive committee of ICATU and vice-president of the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU). He was awarded Lenin Peace Prize "For strengthening of peace among peoples" in 1970. After the failed attempt coup in 1971, he was hanged by Nimeiry's government.
El-Shafie Ahmed el-Sheikh | |
|---|---|
الشفيع أحمد الشيخ | |
| Born | 2 May 1924 Shendi, Sudan |
| Died | 28 July 1972 (aged 48) Kobar prison, Khartoum |
| Cause of death | Hanging |
| Known for | 1971 Sudanese coup d'état |
| Political party | Sudanese Communist Party |
| Movement | World Federation of Trade Unions |
| Spouse | Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim |
| Relatives | El Hadi Ahmed El Sheikh (brother) |
| Awards | International Peace Medal (1964) World Peace Council prizes (1965) Lenin Peace Prize (1970) |
Biography Edit
El-Shafia Ahmed el-Sheikh was born on 2 May 1924 in Shendi, River Nile State, in the Ja'alin tribe. el-Sheikh graduated from a craft school in the city Atbara, then he worked as a railway worker and in railway workshops.[1][2]
Trade union Edit
el-Sheikh took an active part in the labour and communist movement in Sudan. In 1947, he participated in the creation of the first railway workers' union in Sudan, he became its secretary general and laid the foundations for the future General Federation of Workers' Trade Unions of the Sudan. In 1948, he was appointed Assistant Secretary General of the Federation.[3][4]
el-Sheikh co-founded the Railway Workers Affairs Authority, which later became the Sudan Workers Union.[4] Before he turned 24, in 1948, he was selected as Assistant Secretary General of Sudanese Trade Unions. He worked to establish links between the Sudanese labour movement and the international and Arab labor movements. He later became the Secretary-General of the Sudanese General Federation of Workers' Trade Unions (SWTUF), member of the executive committee of International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions.[5][6][7]
He was elected in 1957 as a Vice President of the World Federation of Trade Unions as the youngest trade union leader to assume this global responsibility.[8][9] In 1964, he was again elected Assistant Secretary General to the President of the Sudan Workers Union by 55 unions.[2]
Ibrahim Abboud's government tried to prevent a meeting of the General Conference of the Workers of Sudan and the escalation of the struggle of the Sudanese National Movement after that with the participation of most segments of Sudanese society to turn into an uprising that toppled the military regime.[10]
Communism and politics Edit
Since 1946, he has been a member of Sudanese Communist Party (UPC). In 1951, he was elected a member of the Central Committee of the Party, and then secretary of the Central Committee and a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of UPC. For his activities, he was repeatedly subjected to reprisals by the authorities, arrests and imprisonment, for example, for resisting Ibrahim Abboud military regime was sentenced to five years in prison in 1959.[10] He was awarded the International Peace Medal while he was in prison, which he was able to receive after his release in 1964, when 55 trade unions re-elected him as Assistant Secretary General of the Federation of Workers' Trade Unions of Sudan.[2]
When a coalition government headed by Mr. Sirr Al-Khatam Al-Khalifa was formed after the Sudanese revolution of October 1964, el-Sheikh was named a minister representing the Labor Union,[11][12] for the period from October 1964 to February 1965.[2][13]
Since 1965, el-Sheikh has been selected as a member of World Peace Council. Since June 1967, he has headed the Sudanese Committee for the Protection of the Rights of Arab Peoples, formed in response to Six-Day war.[2] On 16 April 1970, he was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize, "for the consolidating peace among peoples" for 1968 and 1969.[14][15]
Prosecution Edit
We were at peace
The Wadi high in uproar
Hantoub high protested
Tagat high got in higher drunk
We are at peace
Inside a park
Oh ya oh ya
Comrade Wasila sing us the tunes of struggle
Safr (He just left)
Hamz al-Jack revolted and we are his followers
Safr
Tomorrow el-Shafie will break his chains
Safr
God bless Korea and the young of Korea
Oh ya oh ya
Abdullahi A.Ibrahim, Bolshevize it, O God[16]
In July 1971, after the short-lived coup of Major Hashim Al-Atta and a counter-coup, the Sudanese authorities of the general Jaafar Nimeiry accused el-Sheikh and other representatives of the Communist Party leadership (such as Abdel Khaliq Mahjub[17] and Joseph Garang) in involvement in the coup attempt.[18][19][16] He was imprisoned and tortured in Kobar prison.[20][21] He was sentenced him to death by a military tribunal on 26 July 1971.[22][23][24] According to the Radio Omdurman, the verdict was approved by General Nimeiri.[22] Before being hanged on 28 July 1971, el-Sheikh threw the rope on himself and proclaimed: "Long live the Sudanese people! Long live the working class!."[citation needed]
In total, eleven officers, five civilians executed, hundreds of detainees, pursuers, and expelled from their jobs.[25]
Aftermath Edit
Following the executions, the Sudanese government dissolved several trade union federations and their affiliated unions, including the Sudanese General Federation of Workers' Trade Unions, the Sudanese General Federation of Employees, and the Sudanese General Federation of Teachers' Trade Unions. The government argues that this dissolution was carried out with the consent of certain trade union organizations to reorganize the trade unions under new legislation. The International Labour Organization (ILO) Committee highlights that such actions by the executive branch, without ensuring the right to defense, violate trade union rights. The newly enacted Trade Unions Act imposes limitations on the formation of multiple unions within a sector, creating a trade union monopoly that contradicts the principles of freedom of association. The ILO Committee recommends deferring further examination of the case until the government provides its response to additional allegations and information presented by the World Federation of Trade Unions.[7]
In 1973, delegates and visitors to the Trade Union Congress stood for two minutes silence to observe the memory of el-Sheikh.[26]
On 2 May 2007, Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim, el-Sheikh wife and a prominent member of the Sudanese Communist Party and a parliamentarian, was suspended from participating in parliamentary sessions for a month and was denied her allowances. This decision was made after she physically attacked Abulgassim Mohamed Ibrahim, a representative of the National Congress Party (NCP), during a session. Fatima accused him of being responsible for the torture and murder of her husband, el-Sheikh. The incident caused chaos, with some demanding Fatima's expulsion from the Assembly. However, the first deputy speaker, Atem Garang, insisted on following the proper procedures. The Communist Party distanced itself from Fatima's actions, stating that they were her personal behavior. The NCP condemned the incident, and the Assembly launched an investigation, expressing concerns about potential negative portrayal of Sudan in the international media.[27]
References Edit
- ^ Alzylai, Siddig (2021-08-09). "خمسون عاما على اغتيال الشفيع أحمد الشيخ" [Fifty years since the assassination of the intercessor Ahmed Sheikh]. Alrakoba. from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ a b c d e "شهداء الحركة الشيوعية العربية: الشفيع أحمد الشيخ" [Martyrs of the Arab Communist Movement: Intercessor Ahmed Sheikh]. الحزب الشيوعي السوري (المكتب السياسي) (in Arabic). 2018-07-01. from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ Monthly Index of Russian Accessions. Library of Congress. 1959. from the original on 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
- ^ a b Taha, Abdel Rahman E. Ali (1974). "Reflections on the Structure and Government of the Sudan Railways Workers' Union". Sudan Notes and Records. 55: 61–69. ISSN 0375-2984. JSTOR 42677955. from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ World Trade Union Movement. World Federation of Trade Unions. 1973. from the original on 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- ^ "Comrade Abdel Wahab Sinada, President of FSPITU of Sudan and member of WFTU General Council is no more". www.hartford-hwp.com. from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ a b "FOA case text". www.ilo.org. from the original on 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ O'Grady-Jones, Lorraine (1961). Labor in the Sudan. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. from the original on 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- ^ World Trade Union News. 1958. from the original on 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- ^ a b International Bulletin of the Trade Union and Working Class Press. 1961. from the original on 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
- ^ International Socialist Journal. 1965. from the original on 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
- ^ Mideast Mirror. Arab News Agency. July 1964. from the original on 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
- ^ Mawhood, Philip (1993). Local Government in the Third World: The Experience of Decentralization in Tropical Africa. Africa Institute of South Africa. ISBN 978-0-7983-0115-2. from the original on 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
- ^ "Meddlesome Medals? | Readex". www.readex.com. from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian) (3rd ed.). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. In some cases in GSE's 3rd edition the year is that, "in which" the Prize was awarded, in other cases – "for which". Hence, the year "1970" there seems to be the Prize "for 1969" or "for 1968–1969"
- ^ a b Feliu, Laura; Izquierdo-Brichs, Ferran (2019). "The Sudan Communist Party". Communist Parties in the Middle East (PDF). Taylor & Francis Group. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-367-13445-7. (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-05. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ "Flashback: This Month in History". www.washingtonpost.com. from the original on 2015-05-30. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- ^ Salman, Salman M. A. "South Sudan Road to Independence: Broken Promises and Lost Opportunities" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ "Editorial: the Review, Intellectuals & the Left in Africa" (PDF). Roape. 12 (32). 1985. (PDF) from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ "Amna, a cosmopolitan poet". Migrantvoice. from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ "Fatima Ibrahim, prominent Sudanese feminist, passes away". en.royanews.tv. from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ^ a b "www.russ.ru 1971 – тридцатая неделя". old.russ.ru. from the original on 2020-01-29. Retrieved 2023-02-02.
- ^ Himmat. R.M. Lala. 1971. from the original on 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
- ^ Abdalla, Abdel-Rahman (2001). Sudan: Integration Or Disintegration?. Lit. ISBN 978-3-8258-5467-6. from the original on 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
- ^ Bakeer, Fawzi (2014-06-19). ""محاكمات الشجرة".. يوم اليسار السوداني" ["The Trials of the Tree"... The Day of the Sudanese Left]. Alaraby (in Arabic). from the original on 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
- ^ Twentyninth Session of the AITUC, Calcutta, 30 January to 4 February 1973: Reports, Speeches, and Resolutions. New Delhi. 1973. from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "Sudanese Communist MP banned from parliament for one month". Sudan Tribune. 2007-05-03. Retrieved 2023-07-03.[permanent dead link]