Buchner was appointed assistant lecturer in the organic laboratory of Adolf von Baeyer in 1889 at the University of Munich. In 1891, he was promoted to lecturer at the same university.[1]
In the autumn of 1893, Buchner moved to University of Kiel and appointed professor in 1895. In the next year he was appointed Professor Extraordinary for Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry in the chemical laboratory of H. von Pechmann at the University of Tübingen.[1]
In October, 1898, he was appointed to the Chair of General Chemistry in the Agricultural University of Berlin, fully training his assistants by himself, and received his rehabilitation in 1900.[1][4]
Buchner received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1907.[1] The experiment for which Buchner won the Nobel Prize consisted of producing a cell-free extract of yeast cells and showing that this "press juice" could ferment sugar. This dealt yet another blow to vitalism by showing that the presence of living yeast cells was not needed for fermentation. The cell-free extract was produced by combining dry yeast cells, quartz and kieselguhr and then pulverizing the yeast cells with a pestle and mortar. This mixture would then become moist as the yeast cells' contents would come out of the cells. Once this step was done, the moist mixture would be put through a press and the resulting "press juice" had glucose, fructose, or maltose added and carbon dioxide was seen to evolve, sometimes for days. Microscopic investigation revealed no living yeast cells in the extract. Buchner hypothesized that yeast cells secrete proteins into their environment in order to ferment sugars, but it was later found that fermentation occurs inside the yeast cells. Maria Manasseina claimed to have discovered free-cell fermentation a generation earlier than Buchner,[6] but Buchner and Rapp considered that she was subjectively convinced of the existence of an enzyme of fermentation, and that her experimental evidence was unconvincing.[7]
Personal lifeedit
Buchner married Lotte Stahl in 1900. At the outbreak of the First World War he volunteered and rose to the rank of Major commanding a munition-transport unit on the western and then eastern front. In March 1916 he returned the University of Wurzburg. In April 1917 he volunteered again. On 11 August 1917, while stationed at Focșani, Romania, he was hit by a shell fragment and died two days later.[8] He died in the Battle of Mărășești and is buried in the cemetery of German soldiers from Focșani, Romania.[8]
Eduard Buchner (1897). "Alkoholische Gährung ohne Hefezellen (Vorläufige Mitteilung)". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 30: 117–124. doi:10.1002/cber.18970300121.
Eduard Buchner, Rudolf Rapp (1899). "Alkoholische Gährung ohne Hefezellen". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 32 (2): 2086–2094. doi:10.1002/cber.189903202123.
Robert Kohler (1971). "The background to Eduard Buchner's discovery of cell-free fermentation". Journal of the History of Biology. 4 (1): 35–61. doi:10.1007/BF00356976. PMID 11609437. S2CID 46573308.
Robert Kohler (1972). "The reception of Eduard Buchner's discovery of cell-free fermentation". Journal of the History of Biology. 5 (2): 327–353. doi:10.1007/BF00346663. PMID 11610124. S2CID 34944527.
^Asimov, I. (1982). Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology: The Lives and Achievements of 1510 Great Scientists from Ancient Times to the Present Chronologically Arranged. Doubleday. ISBN978-0-385-17771-9.
^. www.uni-wuerzburg.de. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
^"History of the University of Wrocław". Uniwersytet Wrocławski (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-10-22.
^Cornish-Bowden, Athel (1999). "The Origins of Enzymology". The Biochemist. 19 (2): 36–38. Retrieved 2017-10-18.
^ Buchner E, Rapp, R (1898). "Alkoholische Gährung ohne Hefezellen". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 30: 209–217.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ abUkrow, Rolf (2004). Nobelpreisträger Eduard Buchner (1860 – 1917) Ein Leben für die Chemie der Gärungen und - fast vergessen - für die organische Chemie (German). Berlin. doi:10.14279/depositonce-992.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Jensen, William (2006). . Journal of Chemical Education. 83 (9): 1283. Bibcode:2006JChEd..83.1283J. doi:10.1021/ed083p1283. Archived from the original on 2009-08-29.
Eduard Buchner on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1907 Cell-Free Fermentation
Buchner, Eduard (1897). . Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 30: 117–124. doi:10.1002/cber.18970300121. Archived from the original on 2006-08-19. (English translation of Buchner's "Alkoholische Gährung ohne Hefezellen")
November 30, 2023
eduard, buchner, american, scholar, education, studies, edward, franklin, buchner, german, pronunciation, ˈeːduaʁt, ˈbuːxnɐ, 1860, august, 1917, german, chemist, zymologist, awarded, 1907, nobel, prize, chemistry, work, fermentation, buchner, 1907born, 1860, 1. For the American scholar in education studies see Edward Franklin Buchner Eduard Buchner German pronunciation ˈeːduaʁt ˈbuːxnɐ 20 May 1860 13 August 1917 was a German chemist and zymologist awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation 1 Eduard BuchnerBuchner in 1907Born 1860 05 20 20 May 1860Munich Kingdom of BavariaDied13 August 1917 1917 08 13 aged 57 Focșani Kingdom of RomaniaNationalityGermanAlma materUniversity of MunichKnown forCell free fermentation Buchner ring expansion Buchner Curtius Schlotterbeck reaction Enzymes ZymaseAwardsLiebig Medal 1905 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907 Scientific careerFieldsBiochemistryInstitutionsUniversity of MunichUniversity of Kiel Agricultural University of Berlin University of TubingenUniversity of BreslauUniversity of WurzburgDoctoral advisorTheodor Curtius Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early years 1 2 Academics 1 2 1 The Nobel Prize 1 3 Personal life 2 Publications 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksBiography editEarly years edit Buchner was born in Munich to a physician and Doctor Extraordinary of Forensic Medicine His older brother was Hans Ernst August Buchner 2 In 1884 he began studies of chemistry with Adolf von Baeyer and of botany with Carl Nageli at the Botanic Institute in Munich After a period working with Otto Fischer cousin of Emil Fischer 3 at the University of Erlangen Buchner was awarded a doctorate from the University of Munich in 1888 under Theodor Curtius 1 Academics edit Buchner was appointed assistant lecturer in the organic laboratory of Adolf von Baeyer in 1889 at the University of Munich In 1891 he was promoted to lecturer at the same university 1 In the autumn of 1893 Buchner moved to University of Kiel and appointed professor in 1895 In the next year he was appointed Professor Extraordinary for Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry in the chemical laboratory of H von Pechmann at the University of Tubingen 1 In October 1898 he was appointed to the Chair of General Chemistry in the Agricultural University of Berlin fully training his assistants by himself and received his rehabilitation in 1900 1 4 In 1909 he was transferred to the University of Breslau reorganised to be University of Wroclaw in 1945 5 and in 1911 he moved to University of Wurzburg 1 The Nobel Prize edit Buchner received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1907 1 The experiment for which Buchner won the Nobel Prize consisted of producing a cell free extract of yeast cells and showing that this press juice could ferment sugar This dealt yet another blow to vitalism by showing that the presence of living yeast cells was not needed for fermentation The cell free extract was produced by combining dry yeast cells quartz and kieselguhr and then pulverizing the yeast cells with a pestle and mortar This mixture would then become moist as the yeast cells contents would come out of the cells Once this step was done the moist mixture would be put through a press and the resulting press juice had glucose fructose or maltose added and carbon dioxide was seen to evolve sometimes for days Microscopic investigation revealed no living yeast cells in the extract Buchner hypothesized that yeast cells secrete proteins into their environment in order to ferment sugars but it was later found that fermentation occurs inside the yeast cells Maria Manasseina claimed to have discovered free cell fermentation a generation earlier than Buchner 6 but Buchner and Rapp considered that she was subjectively convinced of the existence of an enzyme of fermentation and that her experimental evidence was unconvincing 7 Personal life edit Buchner married Lotte Stahl in 1900 At the outbreak of the First World War he volunteered and rose to the rank of Major commanding a munition transport unit on the western and then eastern front In March 1916 he returned the University of Wurzburg In April 1917 he volunteered again On 11 August 1917 while stationed at Focșani Romania he was hit by a shell fragment and died two days later 8 He died in the Battle of Mărășești and is buried in the cemetery of German soldiers from Focșani Romania 8 Though it is believed by some that the Buchner flask and the Buchner funnel are named for him they are actually named for the industrial chemist Ernst Buchner 9 Publications editEduard Buchner 1897 Alkoholische Gahrung ohne Hefezellen Vorlaufige Mitteilung Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 30 117 124 doi 10 1002 cber 18970300121 Eduard Buchner Rudolf Rapp 1899 Alkoholische Gahrung ohne Hefezellen Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 32 2 2086 2094 doi 10 1002 cber 189903202123 Robert Kohler 1971 The background to Eduard Buchner s discovery of cell free fermentation Journal of the History of Biology 4 1 35 61 doi 10 1007 BF00356976 PMID 11609437 S2CID 46573308 Robert Kohler 1972 The reception of Eduard Buchner s discovery of cell free fermentation Journal of the History of Biology 5 2 327 353 doi 10 1007 BF00346663 PMID 11610124 S2CID 34944527 See also editHistory of biochemistryReferences edit a b c d e f g Eduard Buchner Biographical NobelPrize org Retrieved 2020 10 22 Asimov I 1982 Asimov s Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology The Lives and Achievements of 1510 Great Scientists from Ancient Times to the Present Chronologically Arranged Doubleday ISBN 978 0 385 17771 9 Emil Fischer Biographical NobelPrize org Retrieved 2020 10 22 Eduard Buchner Universitats Archiv www uni wuerzburg de Archived from the original on 2 November 2020 Retrieved 2020 10 27 History of the University of Wroclaw Uniwersytet Wroclawski in Polish Retrieved 2020 10 22 Cornish Bowden Athel 1999 The Origins of Enzymology The Biochemist 19 2 36 38 Retrieved 2017 10 18 Buchner E Rapp R 1898 Alkoholische Gahrung ohne Hefezellen Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 30 209 217 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link a b Ukrow Rolf 2004 Nobelpreistrager Eduard Buchner 1860 1917 Ein Leben fur die Chemie der Garungen und fast vergessen fur die organische Chemie German Berlin doi 10 14279 depositonce 992 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Jensen William 2006 The Origins of the Hirsch and Buchner Vacuum Filtration Funnels Journal of Chemical Education 83 9 1283 Bibcode 2006JChEd 83 1283J doi 10 1021 ed083p1283 Archived from the original on 2009 08 29 External links editWorks by or about Eduard Buchner at Internet Archive Eduard Buchner on Nobelprize org nbsp including the Nobel Lecture December 11 1907 Cell Free Fermentation Buchner Eduard 1897 Alcoholic Fermentation Without Yeast Cells Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 30 117 124 doi 10 1002 cber 18970300121 Archived from the original on 2006 08 19 English translation of Buchner s Alkoholische Gahrung ohne Hefezellen Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eduard Buchner amp oldid 1173972829, wikipedia, wiki, 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