Ecotopes are the smallest ecologically distinct landscape features in a landscape mapping and classification system. As such, they represent relatively homogeneous, spatially explicit landscape functional units that are useful for stratifying landscapes into ecologically distinct features for the measurement and mapping of landscape structure, function and change.
Like ecosystems, ecotopes are identified using flexible criteria, in the case of ecotopes, by criteria defined within a specific ecological mapping and classification system. Just as ecosystems are defined by the interaction of biotic and abiotic components, ecotope classification should stratify landscapes based on a combination of both biotic and abiotic factors, including vegetation, soils, hydrology, and other factors. Other parameters that must be considered in the classification of ecotopes include their period of stability (such as the number of years that a feature might persist), and their spatial scale (minimum mapping unit).
The first definition of ecotope was made by Thorvald Sørensen[1] in 1936. Arthur Tansley picked this definition up in 1939 and elaborated it. He stated that an ecotope is "the particular portion, [...], of the physical world that forms a home for the organisms which inhabit it". In 1945 Carl Troll first applied the term to landscape ecology "the smallest spatial object or component of a geographical landscape". Other academics clarified this to suggest that an ecotope is ecologically homogeneous and is the smallest ecological land unit that is relevant.
The term "patch" was used in place of the term "ecotope", by Foreman and Godron (1986), who defined a patch as "a nonlinear surface area differing in appearance from its surroundings". However, by definition, ecotopes must be identified using a full suite of ecosystem characteristics: patches are a more general type of spatial unit than ecotopes.
In ecology an ecotope has also been defined as "The species relation to the full range of environmental and biotic variables affecting it" (Whittaker et al., 1973), but the term is rarely used in this context, due to confusion with the ecological niche concept.
Bastian, O., C. Beierkuhlein, H. J. Klink, J. Löfffler, U. Steinhardt, M. Volk, and M. Wilmking. 2003. Landscape structures and processes. Pages 49–112 in O. Bastian and U. Steinhardt, eds. Development and Perspectives of Landscape Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Farina, A. 1998. Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology. Chapman & Hall, London; New York.
Foreman, R. and Godron, M. 1986. Landscape Ecology. Wiley, New York.
Haber, W. 1994. System ecological concepts for environmental planning. Pages 49–67 in F. Klijn, ed. Ecosystem Classification for Environmental Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Ingegnoli, V. 2002. Landscape Ecology - a Widening Foundation: A Holistic Unifying Approach. Springer, Berlin; New York.
Klijn, F., and H. A. Udo De Haes. 1994. A hierarchical approach to ecosystems and its implications for ecological land classification. Landscape Ecology 9: 89-104.
Schmithüsen, J. 1948. "Fliesengefüge der Landschaft" und "Ökotop": Vorschläge zur begrifflichen Ordnung und zur Nomenklatur in der Landschaftsforschung. Berichte zur Deutschen Landeskunde (Bad Godesberg) 5: 74-83.
Tansley, A. G. 1939. The British Isles and Their Vegetation. Vol. 1 of 2. Cambridge, United Kingdom. 494 pp.
Troll, C. 1950. Die geografische landschaft und ihre erforschung. Pages 163-181. Studium Generale 3. Springer, Heidelberg, German Democratic Republic.
Whittaker, R. H., S. A. Levin, and R. B. Root. 1973. Niche, habitat, and ecotope. American Naturalist 107: 321-338.
Zonneveld, I. S. 1989. The land unit - A fundamental concept in landscape ecology, and its applications. Landscape Ecology 3: 67-86.
External linksEdit
Look up ecotope in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
A set of different definitions of the term "ecotope"
Ecotope at Encyclopedia of Earth
October 20, 2023
ecotope, smallest, ecologically, distinct, landscape, features, landscape, mapping, classification, system, such, they, represent, relatively, homogeneous, spatially, explicit, landscape, functional, units, that, useful, stratifying, landscapes, into, ecologic. Ecotopes are the smallest ecologically distinct landscape features in a landscape mapping and classification system As such they represent relatively homogeneous spatially explicit landscape functional units that are useful for stratifying landscapes into ecologically distinct features for the measurement and mapping of landscape structure function and change Like ecosystems ecotopes are identified using flexible criteria in the case of ecotopes by criteria defined within a specific ecological mapping and classification system Just as ecosystems are defined by the interaction of biotic and abiotic components ecotope classification should stratify landscapes based on a combination of both biotic and abiotic factors including vegetation soils hydrology and other factors Other parameters that must be considered in the classification of ecotopes include their period of stability such as the number of years that a feature might persist and their spatial scale minimum mapping unit The first definition of ecotope was made by Thorvald Sorensen 1 in 1936 Arthur Tansley picked this definition up in 1939 and elaborated it He stated that an ecotope is the particular portion of the physical world that forms a home for the organisms which inhabit it In 1945 Carl Troll first applied the term to landscape ecology the smallest spatial object or component of a geographical landscape Other academics clarified this to suggest that an ecotope is ecologically homogeneous and is the smallest ecological land unit that is relevant The term patch was used in place of the term ecotope by Foreman and Godron 1986 who defined a patch as a nonlinear surface area differing in appearance from its surroundings However by definition ecotopes must be identified using a full suite of ecosystem characteristics patches are a more general type of spatial unit than ecotopes In ecology an ecotope has also been defined as The species relation to the full range of environmental and biotic variables affecting it Whittaker et al 1973 but the term is rarely used in this context due to confusion with the ecological niche concept See also EditBiotope EcotypeReferences Edit Sorensen T 1936 Some ecosystemtical characteristics determined by Raunkiaer s circling method Nordiska 19 skandinaviska naturforskarmotet i Helsingfors den 11 15 augusti 1936 474 475 To designate the fundamental unit of ecological plant sociology I propose the term ecotope viz the field delimited as an object of investigation within a given ecosystem Tansley Bibliography EditBastian O C Beierkuhlein H J Klink J Lofffler U Steinhardt M Volk and M Wilmking 2003 Landscape structures and processes Pages 49 112 in O Bastian and U Steinhardt eds Development and Perspectives of Landscape Ecology Kluwer Academic Publishers Farina A 1998 Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology Chapman amp Hall London New York Foreman R and Godron M 1986 Landscape Ecology Wiley New York Haber W 1994 System ecological concepts for environmental planning Pages 49 67 in F Klijn ed Ecosystem Classification for Environmental Management Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht The Netherlands Ingegnoli V 2002 Landscape Ecology a Widening Foundation A Holistic Unifying Approach Springer Berlin New York Klijn F and H A Udo De Haes 1994 A hierarchical approach to ecosystems and its implications for ecological land classification Landscape Ecology 9 89 104 Schmithusen J 1948 Fliesengefuge der Landschaft und Okotop Vorschlage zur begrifflichen Ordnung und zur Nomenklatur in der Landschaftsforschung Berichte zur Deutschen Landeskunde Bad Godesberg 5 74 83 Tansley A G 1939 The British Isles and Their Vegetation Vol 1 of 2 Cambridge United Kingdom 494 pp Troll C 1950 Die geografische landschaft und ihre erforschung Pages 163 181 Studium Generale 3 Springer Heidelberg German Democratic Republic Whittaker R H S A Levin and R B Root 1973 Niche habitat and ecotope American Naturalist 107 321 338 Zonneveld I S 1989 The land unit A fundamental concept in landscape ecology and its applications Landscape Ecology 3 67 86 External links Edit nbsp Look up ecotope in Wiktionary the free dictionary A set of different definitions of the term ecotope Ecotope at Encyclopedia of Earth Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ecotope amp oldid 1139555195, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
