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Oeconym

October 21, 2023

An oeconym, also econym,[1] or oikonym (from Greek: οἶκος, oîkos, 'house, dwelling' and ὄνυμα, ónuma, 'name') is a specific type of toponym that designates a proper name of a house or any other residential building, and in the broader sense, the term also refers to the proper name of any inhabited settlement, like village, town or city.[2][3][4] Within the toponomastic classification, main types of oeconyms (econyms, oikonyms) are: astionyms (proper names of towns or cities),[5] and comonyms (proper names of villages).[6]

Other terminology Edit

Sometimes the term ecodomonym is used to refer specifically to a building as an inhabited place.[7][8]: 35  Compare also the term mansionym to designate a historical residence (e.g., the Daniel Boone Homestead).[8]: 58  Lay terms referring to the proper name of a house or other building include house name (either traditional or modern),[9] farm name (referring to an entire farm), or property name (referring to a non-agricultural property).

Individuals may traditionally be referred to by their oeconyms rather than their surnames in Basque,[10] Finnish, Norwegian,[11] Slovene,[12] and other languages. In these cultures the name of the property is more or less fixed and may refer to the people living there at any particular time, regardless of their actual surname or whether they recently purchased or moved to the property.[12]

Examples of oeconyms Edit

German Edit

German oeconyms (German: Hofname) were often adopted as surnames. Surnames with such origins are most common in Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia.[13]

Icelandic Edit

 
A road sign with oeconyms (Lýsuhóll, Lýsudalur) in Iceland

Explicit reference is made to oeconyms (and their lack of correspondence with residents' names) in Njáls saga, a 13th-century Icelandic work describing events between 960 and 1020. For example:

Þar eru þrír bæir er í Mörk heita allir. Á miðbænum bjó sá maður er Björn hét og var kallaður Björn hvíti.[14]
'There are three farms in that district, all called Mörk. At the middle farm lived a man named Björn [Kaðalsson], known as Björn the White.' (chapter 148)

In comparison to oeconyms in Norwegian and Faroese, in which the share of such names based on persons' names may be as low as 4 to 5%, in Icelandic approximately 32% of oeconyms are based on a personal name.[15] Since 1953, oeconyms have been enshrined in law, and Icelandic farms are required to have registered names approved by a special committee.[16] As travel by ship became more common in Iceland, the number of farms that had to be distinguished grew in number, and more complex compound names were created.[17] In compound Icelandic oeconyms, the single most common second element is -staðir 'place', although topographical suffixes (-dalr 'valley', -nes 'headland', -fell 'hill', -eyrr 'bank') form the largest group of such elements.[18]

Norwegian Edit

 
A Norwegian first name (Gjertrud) followed by a patronym (Olsdatter) and oeconym (Nergaard)

Norwegian oeconyms (Norwegian: gårdsnavn) are based on various factors associated with a property: local geography (hills, etc.), land use, vegetation, animals, characteristic activity, folk religion, and owners' nicknames. Such names in Norway were collected in the 19-volume collection Norske Gaardnavne, published between 1897 and 1924.[19] Typical suffixes on such names include -bø, -gaard/-gård, -heim/-um, -land, -rud/-rød, and -set. After the 1923 naming law (Norwegian: Lov om personnavn or Navneloven) was passed in Norway, many rural people adopted the names of the farms where they lived as surnames. These oeconyms were retained as surnames even after they moved away to towns or emigrated. It is estimated that 70% of surnames in Norway are based on oeconyms.[20]

The traditional oeconym system was not retained among Norwegian emigrants to the United States, even in communities where Norwegian continued to be spoken. It has been suggested that this was because of cultural differences, whereby American farms were perceived as income sources rather than traditional family seats.[21]

Slovene Edit

 
Farouž, a non-farm oeconym in Valbruna (Slovene: Ovčja vas), Italy
 
A street address and oeconym (in dialect) in Zasip, Slovenia
Slovene oeconyms

Slovene oeconyms (Slovene: hišno ime) are generally based on microtoponyms (e.g., pri Vrtaču 'sinkhole'); on names of animals (pri Ovnu 'ram'), trees (pri Gabru 'hornbeam'), and other plants (pri Čemažarju 'ramsons') associated with a property; on activities traditionally associated with a property (pri Sadjarju 'planting'); or on the name or nickname of the original property owner (pri Ančki 'Annie'). They may also refer to roles (formerly) played in the community (e.g., pri Španu 'mayor'), the property's physical position (pri Zgornjih 'upper') or age (Stara šola 'old school'), professions (pri Žnidarju 'tailor'), personal qualities (pri Bogatu 'rich'), or other noteworthy characteristics (e.g., pri Amerikanu 'immigrant returned from the United States').[12][22] The properties are generally referred to with a locative phrase (e.g., pri Gabru 'at the Gaber farm'), and the residents are referred to with the base noun (e.g., Gaber 'the man from the Gaber farm'), a derived noun (Gabrovka 'the woman from the Gaber farm'), or a preceding denominal adjective (Gabrov Jože 'Jože from the Gaber farm', Gabrova Marija 'Marija from the Gaber farm'). A well-known Slovene example is the writer Lovro Kuhar, better known by the pen name Prežihov Voranc (literally, 'Voranc from the Prežih farm').[23][24] Slovene oeconyms often appear on gravestones as plural denominal adjectives (e.g., Gabrovi 'the ones from the Gaber farm'), sometimes without the surname being given at all.

See also: Slovene field and house names in Carinthia

Western and South Asia Edit

See also: Oikonyms in Western and South Asia

References Edit

  1. ^ Room 1996, p. 35.
  2. ^ International Council of Onomastic Sciences
  3. ^ Gornostay, Tatiana, & Inguna Skadiņa. 2009. Pattern-Based English-Latvian Toponym Translation. Proceedings of the 17th Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics NODALIDA, May 14–16, 2009, Odense, Denmark, NEALT Proceedings Series, 4: 41–47.
  4. ^ Zgusta, Ladislav. 1996. Names and Their Study. In: Ernst Eichler et al. (eds.) Namenforschung: ein internationales Handbuch zur Onomastik / Name Studies, vol. 2, pp. 1876–1890. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, p. 1887.
  5. ^ Room 1996, p. 13, 35.
  6. ^ Room 1996, p. 25, 35.
  7. ^ Zgusta, Ladislav. 1998. The Terminology of Name Studies. Names: A Journal of Onomastics, 46(3) (September):189–203.
  8. ^ a b Room, Adrian. 1996. An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
  9. ^ Cromley, Elizabeth C. 1990. Alone Together: A History of New York's Early Apartments. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, p. 143.
  10. ^ Ott, Sandra. 1981. The Circle of Mountains: A Basque Shepherding Community. Reno: University of Nevada Press, p. 43.
  11. ^ Helleland, Botolv, & Kjell Bondevik . 1975. Norske stedsnavn/stadnamn. Oslo: Grøndahl, p. 157.
  12. ^ a b c Baš, Angelos. 2004. Slovenski etnološki leksikon. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga. p. 168.
  13. ^ Beidler, James M. 2014. The Family Tree German Genealogy Guide: How to Trace Your Germanic Ancestry. Cincinnati, OH: Family Tree Books, p. 101.
  14. ^ Icelandic Saga Database: Brennu-Njáls saga.
  15. ^ Jesch, Judith. 2015. The Viking Diaspora. London: Routledge.
  16. ^ Kvarad, Guðrún. 2005. Social Stratification in the Present-Day Nordic Languages IV: Icelandic. In: Oscar Bandle (ed.), The Nordic Languages, pp. 1788–1793. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, p. 1793.
  17. ^ Adams, Jonathan, & Katherine Holman. 2004. Scandinavia and Europe 800–1350: Contact, Conflict, and Coexistence. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 104.
  18. ^ Sigmundsson, Svavar. 1998. Icelandic and Scottish Place-Names. In: W. F. H. Nicolaisen (ed.), Proceedings of the XIXth International Congress of Onomastic Sciences, Aberdeen, August 4–11, 1996: Scope, Perspectives and Methods of Onomastics, vol. 1. pp. 330–342. Aberdeen: University of Aberdeen, p. 330.
  19. ^ Store Norske Leksikon: Norske Gaardnavne.
  20. ^ Coleman, Nancy L., & Olav Veka. 2010. A Handbook of Scandinavian Names. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, p. 75.
  21. ^ Kruse, Arne. 1996. Scandinavian-American Place-Names as Viewed from the Old World. In: P. Sture Ureland et al. (eds.), Language Contact across the North Atlantic, pp. 255–268. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, pp. 262–263.
  22. ^ Klinar, Klemen et al. 2012. Metode za zbiranje hišnih in ledinskih imen. Jesenice: Gornjesavski muzej Jesenice, pp. 52–53.
  23. ^ Druškovič, Drago. 1993. Karantanski rod. Srce in oko: obzornik Prešernove družbe 45: 27–35, p. 28.
  24. ^ Hamer, Simona. 2015. Lovro Kuhar – Prežihov Voranc. In: Samorastniki (program notes). Ljubljana: MGL, pp. 16–19.

Sources Edit

  • Room, Adrian (1996). An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810831698.

External links Edit

  • Oluf Rygh: Norwegian Farm Names
  • Hišna imena na Gorenjskem (Oeconyms in Upper Carniola) (in Slovene)

October 21, 2023
oeconym, oeconym, also, econym, oikonym, from, greek, οἶκος, oîkos, house, dwelling, ὄνυμα, ónuma, name, specific, type, toponym, that, designates, proper, name, house, other, residential, building, broader, sense, term, also, refers, proper, name, inhabited, . An oeconym also econym 1 or oikonym from Greek oἶkos oikos house dwelling and ὄnyma onuma name is a specific type of toponym that designates a proper name of a house or any other residential building and in the broader sense the term also refers to the proper name of any inhabited settlement like village town or city 2 3 4 Within the toponomastic classification main types of oeconyms econyms oikonyms are astionyms proper names of towns or cities 5 and comonyms proper names of villages 6 Contents 1 Other terminology 2 Examples of oeconyms 2 1 German 2 2 Icelandic 2 3 Norwegian 2 4 Slovene 2 5 Western and South Asia 3 References 4 Sources 5 External linksOther terminology EditSometimes the term ecodomonym is used to refer specifically to a building as an inhabited place 7 8 35 Compare also the term mansionym to designate a historical residence e g the Daniel Boone Homestead 8 58 Lay terms referring to the proper name of a house or other building include house name either traditional or modern 9 farm name referring to an entire farm or property name referring to a non agricultural property Individuals may traditionally be referred to by their oeconyms rather than their surnames in Basque 10 Finnish Norwegian 11 Slovene 12 and other languages In these cultures the name of the property is more or less fixed and may refer to the people living there at any particular time regardless of their actual surname or whether they recently purchased or moved to the property 12 Examples of oeconyms EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it April 2016 German Edit German oeconyms German Hofname were often adopted as surnames Surnames with such origins are most common in Lower Saxony and North Rhine Westphalia 13 Icelandic Edit nbsp A road sign with oeconyms Lysuholl Lysudalur in IcelandExplicit reference is made to oeconyms and their lack of correspondence with residents names in Njals saga a 13th century Icelandic work describing events between 960 and 1020 For example THar eru thrir baeir er i Mork heita allir A midbaenum bjo sa madur er Bjorn het og var kalladur Bjorn hviti 14 There are three farms in that district all called Mork At the middle farm lived a man named Bjorn Kadalsson known as Bjorn the White chapter 148 In comparison to oeconyms in Norwegian and Faroese in which the share of such names based on persons names may be as low as 4 to 5 in Icelandic approximately 32 of oeconyms are based on a personal name 15 Since 1953 oeconyms have been enshrined in law and Icelandic farms are required to have registered names approved by a special committee 16 As travel by ship became more common in Iceland the number of farms that had to be distinguished grew in number and more complex compound names were created 17 In compound Icelandic oeconyms the single most common second element is stadir place although topographical suffixes dalr valley nes headland fell hill eyrr bank form the largest group of such elements 18 Norwegian Edit nbsp A Norwegian first name Gjertrud followed by a patronym Olsdatter and oeconym Nergaard Norwegian oeconyms Norwegian gardsnavn are based on various factors associated with a property local geography hills etc land use vegetation animals characteristic activity folk religion and owners nicknames Such names in Norway were collected in the 19 volume collection Norske Gaardnavne published between 1897 and 1924 19 Typical suffixes on such names include bo gaard gard heim um land rud rod and set After the 1923 naming law Norwegian Lov om personnavn or Navneloven was passed in Norway many rural people adopted the names of the farms where they lived as surnames These oeconyms were retained as surnames even after they moved away to towns or emigrated It is estimated that 70 of surnames in Norway are based on oeconyms 20 The traditional oeconym system was not retained among Norwegian emigrants to the United States even in communities where Norwegian continued to be spoken It has been suggested that this was because of cultural differences whereby American farms were perceived as income sources rather than traditional family seats 21 Slovene Edit nbsp Farouz a non farm oeconym in Valbruna Slovene Ovcja vas Italy nbsp A street address and oeconym in dialect in Zasip SloveniaSlovene oeconyms Slovene oeconyms Slovene hisno ime are generally based on microtoponyms e g pri Vrtacu sinkhole on names of animals pri Ovnu ram trees pri Gabru hornbeam and other plants pri Cemazarju ramsons associated with a property on activities traditionally associated with a property pri Sadjarju planting or on the name or nickname of the original property owner pri Ancki Annie They may also refer to roles formerly played in the community e g pri Spanu mayor the property s physical position pri Zgornjih upper or age Stara sola old school professions pri Znidarju tailor personal qualities pri Bogatu rich or other noteworthy characteristics e g pri Amerikanu immigrant returned from the United States 12 22 The properties are generally referred to with a locative phrase e g pri Gabru at the Gaber farm and the residents are referred to with the base noun e g Gaber the man from the Gaber farm a derived noun Gabrovka the woman from the Gaber farm or a preceding denominal adjective Gabrov Joze Joze from the Gaber farm Gabrova Marija Marija from the Gaber farm A well known Slovene example is the writer Lovro Kuhar better known by the pen name Prezihov Voranc literally Voranc from the Prezih farm 23 24 Slovene oeconyms often appear on gravestones as plural denominal adjectives e g Gabrovi the ones from the Gaber farm sometimes without the surname being given at all See also Slovene field and house names in Carinthia Western and South Asia Edit See also Oikonyms in Western and South AsiaReferences Edit Room 1996 p 35 International Council of Onomastic Sciences Gornostay Tatiana amp Inguna Skadina 2009 Pattern Based English Latvian Toponym Translation Proceedings of the 17th Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics NODALIDA May 14 16 2009 Odense Denmark NEALT Proceedings Series 4 41 47 Zgusta Ladislav 1996 Names and Their Study In Ernst Eichler et al eds Namenforschung ein internationales Handbuch zur Onomastik Name Studies vol 2 pp 1876 1890 Berlin Mouton De Gruyter p 1887 Room 1996 p 13 35 Room 1996 p 25 35 Zgusta Ladislav 1998 The Terminology of Name Studies Names A Journal of Onomastics 46 3 September 189 203 a b Room Adrian 1996 An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies Lanham MD Scarecrow Press Cromley Elizabeth C 1990 Alone Together A History of New York s Early Apartments Ithaca Cornell University Press p 143 Ott Sandra 1981 The Circle of Mountains A Basque Shepherding Community Reno University of Nevada Press p 43 Helleland Botolv amp Kjell Bondevik 1975 Norske stedsnavn stadnamn Oslo Grondahl p 157 a b c Bas Angelos 2004 Slovenski etnoloski leksikon Ljubljana Mladinska knjiga p 168 Beidler James M 2014 The Family Tree German Genealogy Guide How to Trace Your Germanic Ancestry Cincinnati OH Family Tree Books p 101 Icelandic Saga Database Brennu Njals saga Jesch Judith 2015 The Viking Diaspora London Routledge Kvarad Gudrun 2005 Social Stratification in the Present Day Nordic Languages IV Icelandic In Oscar Bandle ed The Nordic Languages pp 1788 1793 Berlin Walter de Gruyter p 1793 Adams Jonathan amp Katherine Holman 2004 Scandinavia and Europe 800 1350 Contact Conflict and Coexistence Turnhout Brepols p 104 Sigmundsson Svavar 1998 Icelandic and Scottish Place Names In W F H Nicolaisen ed Proceedings of the XIXth International Congress of Onomastic Sciences Aberdeen August 4 11 1996 Scope Perspectives and Methods of Onomastics vol 1 pp 330 342 Aberdeen University of Aberdeen p 330 Store Norske Leksikon Norske Gaardnavne Coleman Nancy L amp Olav Veka 2010 A Handbook of Scandinavian Names Madison University of Wisconsin Press p 75 Kruse Arne 1996 Scandinavian American Place Names as Viewed from the Old World In P Sture Ureland et al eds Language Contact across the North Atlantic pp 255 268 Tubingen Max Niemeyer pp 262 263 Klinar Klemen et al 2012 Metode za zbiranje hisnih in ledinskih imen Jesenice Gornjesavski muzej Jesenice pp 52 53 Druskovic Drago 1993 Karantanski rod Srce in oko obzornik Presernove druzbe 45 27 35 p 28 Hamer Simona 2015 Lovro Kuhar Prezihov Voranc In Samorastniki program notes Ljubljana MGL pp 16 19 Sources EditRoom Adrian 1996 An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies Lanham and London The Scarecrow Press ISBN 9780810831698 External links EditOluf Rygh Norwegian Farm Names Hisna imena na Gorenjskem Oeconyms in Upper Carniola in Slovene Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oeconym amp oldid 1166756393, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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