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Ecological systems of Montana

November 20, 2023

There are 62 named Ecological Systems found in Montana[1] These systems are described in the Montana Field Guides-Ecological Systems of Montana.[2]

Multiple ecosystems in Gallatin National Forest

About edit

An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving, physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water and sunlight.[3] It is all the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment.[3] As stated in an article from Montana State University in their Institute on Ecosystems; "An ecosystem can be small, such as the area under a pine tree or a single hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, or it can be large, such as the Rocky Mountains, the rainforest or the Antarctic Ocean."[4] The Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (FWP) have shared their views on Montana's Main Ecosystems as montane forest, intermountain grasslands, plains grasslands and shrub grasslands.[4] The Montana Agricultural Experiment Station (MAES) categorized Montana's ecosystems based on the different rangelands. They have recognized 22 different ecosystems whereas the Montana Natural Heritage Program named 62 ecosystems for the entire state.[4]

Forest and Woodland Systems edit

  • Northern Rocky Mountain Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest[5]
  • Rocky Mountain Subalpine Mesic Spruce-Fir Forest and Woodland[6]
  • Northwestern Great Plains - Black Hills Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna[7]
  • Northern Rocky Mountain Dry-Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest[8]
  • Rocky Mountain Foothill Limber Pine - Juniper Woodland[9]
  • Northern Rocky Mountain Foothill Conifer Wooded Steppe[10]
  • Rocky Mountain Lodgepole Pine Forest[11]
  • Middle Rocky Mountain Montane Douglas-Fir Forest and Woodland[12]
  • Northern Rocky Mountain Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna[13]
  • Rocky Mountain Poor Site Lodgepole Pine Forest[14]
  • Rocky Mountain Subalpine Dry-Mesic Spruce-Fir Forest and Woodland[15]
  • Northern Rocky Mountain Subalpine Woodland and Parkland[16]
  • Rocky Mountain Aspen Forest and Woodland[17]
  • Western Great Plains Wooded Draw and Ravine[18]
  • Inter-Mountain Basins Mountain Mahogany Woodland and Shrubland[19]
  • Inter-Mountain Basins Aspen Mixed Conifer Forest-Woodland[20]

Alpine Systems edit

  • Rocky Mountain Alpine Dwarf-Shrubland[21]
  • Rocky Mountain Alpine Turf[22]
  • Rocky Mountain Alpine Bedrock and Scree[23]
  • Rocky Mountain Alpine Fell-Field[24]
  • North American Alpine Ice Field[25]

Shrubland, Steppe and Savanna Systems edit

  • Northwestern Great Plains Shrubland[26]
  • Rocky Mountain Lower Montane-Foothill Shrubland[27]
  • Northern Rocky Mountain Montane-Foothill Deciduous Shrubland[28]
  • Northern Rocky Mountain Subalpine Deciduous Shrubland[29]
  • Inter-Mountain Basins Big Sagebrush Steppe[30]
  • Inter-Mountain Basins Montane Sagebrush Steppe[31]
  • Inter-Mountain Basins Big Sagebrush Shrubland[32]
  • Wyoming Basins Dwarf Sagebrush Shrubland and Steppe[33]
  • Inter-Mountain Basins Mat Saltbush Shrubland[34]
  • Inter-Mountain Basins Mixed Salt Desert Scrub[35]

Grassland Systems edit

  • Northwestern Great Plains Mixedgrass Prairie[36]
  • Western Great Plains Sand Prairie[37]
  • Northern Rocky Mountain Lower Montane, Foothill and Valley Grassland[38]
  • Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Mesic Meadow[39]
  • Northern Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Upper Montane Grassland[40]

Sparse and Barren Systems edit

  • Inter-Mountain Basins Active and Stabilized Dune[41]
  • Western Great Plains Badlands[42]
  • Inter-Mountain Basins Shale Badland[43]
  • Western Great Plains Cliff and Outcrop[44]
  • Rocky Mountain Cliff, Canyon and Massive Bedrock[45]
  • Inter-Mountain Basins Cliff and Canyon[46]

Open Water/Wetland and Riparian Systems edit

  • Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Fen[47]
  • Western Great Plains Closed Depressional Wetland[48]
  • Western Great Plains Open Freshwater Depression Wetland[49]
  • Great Plains Prairie Pothole[50]
  • Western Great Plains Saline Depression Wetland[51]
  • Northern Rocky Mountain Wooded Vernal Pool[52]
  • Inter-Mountain Basins Greasewood Flat[53]
  • Northwestern Great Plains Floodplain[54]
  • Northwestern Great Plains Riparian[55]
  • Northern Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Riparian Woodland and Shrubland[56]
  • Rocky Mountain Lower Montane-Foothill Riparian Woodland and Shrubland[57]
  • Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Riparian Shrubland[58]
  • Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Riparian Woodland[59]
  • Northern Rocky Mountain Conifer Swamp[60]
  • North American Arid West[61]
  • Geysers and Hot Springs[62]
  • Open Water[63]
  • Rocky Mountain Alpine-Montane Wet Meadow[64]

Further reading edit

  • Comer, P.; Faber-Langendoen, D.; Evans, R.; Gawler, S.; Josse, C.; Kittel, G.; Menard, S.; Pyne, M.; Reid, M.; Schulz, K.; Snow, K.; Teague, J. (June 2003). Ecological Systems of the United States: A Working Classification of U.S. Terrestrial Systems (PDF) (Report). Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe.
  • Noss, Reed F.; LaRoe, Edward T. III; Scott, J. Michael (1995). (Report). National Biological Service. Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  • Management of riparian and wetland forested ecosystems in Montana: fourth annual Montana Riparian Association Workshop, September 5-7, 1990. Missoula, Montana: School of Forestry, University of Montana. 1990.
  • Schmitz, Oswald J. (2010). Resolving Ecosystem Complexity. Monographs in population Biology - 47. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-3417-4.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Ecological Systems Field Guide Help". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  2. ^ "Montana Field Guides". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  3. ^ a b "Biology Concepts & Connections Sixth Edition", Campbell, Neil A. (2009), page 2, 3 and G-9. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  4. ^ a b c "Montana's Ecosystems - Institute on Ecosystems | Montana State University". www.montana.edu. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  5. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  6. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine Mesic Spruce-Fir Forest and Woodland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  7. ^ "Montana Field Guide- Great Plains Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  8. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Dry-Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  9. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Foothill Limber Pine - Juniper Woodland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  10. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Foothill Woodland-Steppe Transition". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  11. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Lodgepole Pine Forest". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  12. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Montane Douglas-Fir Forest and Woodland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  13. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  14. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Poor Site Lodgepole Pine Forest". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  15. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine Dry-Mesic Spruce-Fir Forest and Woodland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  16. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine Woodland and Parkland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  17. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Aspen Forest and Woodland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  18. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Wooded Draw and Ravine". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  19. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Mountain Mahogany Woodland and Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  20. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Aspen Mixed Conifer Forest-Woodland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  21. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Alpine Dwarf Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  22. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Alpine Turf". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  23. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Alpine Bedrock and Scree". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  24. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Alpine Fell-Field". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  25. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Alpine Ice Field". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  26. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  27. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Lower Montane-Foothill Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  28. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Montane-Foothill Deciduous Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  29. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine Deciduous Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  30. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Big Sagebrush Steppe". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  31. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Montane Sagebrush Steppe". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  32. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Big Sagebrush Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  33. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Low Sagebrush Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  34. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Mat Saltbush Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  35. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Mixed Salt Desert Scrub". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  36. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Mixedgrass Prairie". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  37. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Sand Prairie". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  38. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Lower Montane, Foothill and Valley Grassland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  39. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Mesic Meadow". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  40. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Upper Montane Grassland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  41. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Active and Stabilized Dune". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  42. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Badlands". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  43. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Shale Badland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  44. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Cliff and Outcrop". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  45. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Cliff, Canyon and Massive Bedrock". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  46. ^ "Montana Field Guide- Wyoming Basins Cliff and Canyon". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  47. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Fen". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  48. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Closed Depressional Wetland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  49. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Open Freshwater Depression Wetland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  50. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Prairie Pothole". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  51. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Saline Depression Wetland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  52. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Wooded Vernal Pool". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  53. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Greasewood Flat". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  54. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Floodplain". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  55. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Great Plains Riparian". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  56. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Northern Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Riparian Woodland and Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  57. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Lower Montane-Foothill Riparian Woodland and Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  58. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Riparian Shrubland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  59. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Riparian Woodland". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  60. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Conifer Swamp". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  61. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Emergent Marsh". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  62. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Geysers and Hot Springs". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  63. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Open Water". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  64. ^ "Montana Field Guide-Alpine-Montane Wet Meadow". Montana Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 2011-06-14.

November 20, 2023
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There are 62 named Ecological Systems found in Montana 1 These systems are described in the Montana Field Guides Ecological Systems of Montana 2 Multiple ecosystems in Gallatin National Forest Contents 1 About 2 Forest and Woodland Systems 3 Alpine Systems 4 Shrubland Steppe and Savanna Systems 5 Grassland Systems 6 Sparse and Barren Systems 7 Open Water Wetland and Riparian Systems 8 Further reading 9 See also 10 NotesAbout editAn ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area as well as all the nonliving physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact such as air soil water and sunlight 3 It is all the organisms in a given area along with the nonliving abiotic factors with which they interact a biological community and its physical environment 3 As stated in an article from Montana State University in their Institute on Ecosystems An ecosystem can be small such as the area under a pine tree or a single hot spring in Yellowstone National Park or it can be large such as the Rocky Mountains the rainforest or the Antarctic Ocean 4 The Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks FWP have shared their views on Montana s Main Ecosystems as montane forest intermountain grasslands plains grasslands and shrub grasslands 4 The Montana Agricultural Experiment Station MAES categorized Montana s ecosystems based on the different rangelands They have recognized 22 different ecosystems whereas the Montana Natural Heritage Program named 62 ecosystems for the entire state 4 Forest and Woodland Systems editNorthern Rocky Mountain Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest 5 Rocky Mountain Subalpine Mesic Spruce Fir Forest and Woodland 6 Northwestern Great Plains Black Hills Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna 7 Northern Rocky Mountain Dry Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest 8 Rocky Mountain Foothill Limber Pine Juniper Woodland 9 Northern Rocky Mountain Foothill Conifer Wooded Steppe 10 Rocky Mountain Lodgepole Pine Forest 11 Middle Rocky Mountain Montane Douglas Fir Forest and Woodland 12 Northern Rocky Mountain Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna 13 Rocky Mountain Poor Site Lodgepole Pine Forest 14 Rocky Mountain Subalpine Dry Mesic Spruce Fir Forest and Woodland 15 Northern Rocky Mountain Subalpine Woodland and Parkland 16 Rocky Mountain Aspen Forest and Woodland 17 Western Great Plains Wooded Draw and Ravine 18 Inter Mountain Basins Mountain Mahogany Woodland and Shrubland 19 Inter Mountain Basins Aspen Mixed Conifer Forest Woodland 20 Alpine Systems editRocky Mountain Alpine Dwarf Shrubland 21 Rocky Mountain Alpine Turf 22 Rocky Mountain Alpine Bedrock and Scree 23 Rocky Mountain Alpine Fell Field 24 North American Alpine Ice Field 25 Shrubland Steppe and Savanna Systems editNorthwestern Great Plains Shrubland 26 Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Foothill Shrubland 27 Northern Rocky Mountain Montane Foothill Deciduous Shrubland 28 Northern Rocky Mountain Subalpine Deciduous Shrubland 29 Inter Mountain Basins Big Sagebrush Steppe 30 Inter Mountain Basins Montane Sagebrush Steppe 31 Inter Mountain Basins Big Sagebrush Shrubland 32 Wyoming Basins Dwarf Sagebrush Shrubland and Steppe 33 Inter Mountain Basins Mat Saltbush Shrubland 34 Inter Mountain Basins Mixed Salt Desert Scrub 35 Grassland Systems editNorthwestern Great Plains Mixedgrass Prairie 36 Western Great Plains Sand Prairie 37 Northern Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Foothill and Valley Grassland 38 Rocky Mountain Subalpine Montane Mesic Meadow 39 Northern Rocky Mountain Subalpine Upper Montane Grassland 40 Sparse and Barren Systems editInter Mountain Basins Active and Stabilized Dune 41 Western Great Plains Badlands 42 Inter Mountain Basins Shale Badland 43 Western Great Plains Cliff and Outcrop 44 Rocky Mountain Cliff Canyon and Massive Bedrock 45 Inter Mountain Basins Cliff and Canyon 46 Open Water Wetland and Riparian Systems editRocky Mountain Subalpine Montane Fen 47 Western Great Plains Closed Depressional Wetland 48 Western Great Plains Open Freshwater Depression Wetland 49 Great Plains Prairie Pothole 50 Western Great Plains Saline Depression Wetland 51 Northern Rocky Mountain Wooded Vernal Pool 52 Inter Mountain Basins Greasewood Flat 53 Northwestern Great Plains Floodplain 54 Northwestern Great Plains Riparian 55 Northern Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Riparian Woodland and Shrubland 56 Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Foothill Riparian Woodland and Shrubland 57 Rocky Mountain Subalpine Montane Riparian Shrubland 58 Rocky Mountain Subalpine Montane Riparian Woodland 59 Northern Rocky Mountain Conifer Swamp 60 North American Arid West 61 Geysers and Hot Springs 62 Open Water 63 Rocky Mountain Alpine Montane Wet Meadow 64 Further reading editComer P Faber Langendoen D Evans R Gawler S Josse C Kittel G Menard S Pyne M Reid M Schulz K Snow K Teague J June 2003 Ecological Systems of the United States A Working Classification of U S Terrestrial Systems PDF Report Arlington Virginia NatureServe Noss Reed F LaRoe Edward T III Scott J Michael 1995 Endangered Ecosystems of the United States A Preliminary Assessment of Loss and Degradation Report National Biological Service Archived from the original on 2008 05 09 Retrieved 2011 06 14 Management of riparian and wetland forested ecosystems in Montana fourth annual Montana Riparian Association Workshop September 5 7 1990 Missoula Montana School of Forestry University of Montana 1990 Schmitz Oswald J 2010 Resolving Ecosystem Complexity Monographs in population Biology 47 Princeton University Press ISBN 978 1 4008 3417 4 See also editGreater Yellowstone EcosystemNotes edit Montana Field Guide Ecological Systems Field Guide Help Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guides Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 a b Biology Concepts amp Connections Sixth Edition Campbell Neil A 2009 page 2 3 and G 9 Retrieved 2010 06 14 a b c Montana s Ecosystems Institute on Ecosystems Montana State University www montana edu Retrieved 2023 01 18 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Subalpine Mesic Spruce Fir Forest and Woodland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Great Plains Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Dry Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Foothill Limber Pine Juniper Woodland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Foothill Woodland Steppe Transition Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Lodgepole Pine Forest Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Montane Douglas Fir Forest and Woodland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Poor Site Lodgepole Pine Forest Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Subalpine Dry Mesic Spruce Fir Forest and Woodland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Subalpine Woodland and Parkland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Aspen Forest and Woodland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Great Plains Wooded Draw and Ravine Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Mountain Mahogany Woodland and Shrubland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Aspen Mixed Conifer Forest Woodland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Alpine Dwarf Shrubland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Alpine Turf Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Alpine Bedrock and Scree Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Alpine Fell Field Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Alpine Ice Field Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Great Plains Shrubland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Foothill Shrubland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Montane Foothill Deciduous Shrubland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Subalpine Deciduous Shrubland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Big Sagebrush Steppe Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Montane Sagebrush Steppe Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Big Sagebrush Shrubland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Low Sagebrush Shrubland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Mat Saltbush Shrubland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Mixed Salt Desert Scrub Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Great Plains Mixedgrass Prairie Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Great Plains Sand Prairie Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Foothill and Valley Grassland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Subalpine Montane Mesic Meadow Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Subalpine Upper Montane Grassland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Active and Stabilized Dune Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Great Plains Badlands Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Shale Badland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Great Plains Cliff and Outcrop Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Cliff Canyon and Massive Bedrock Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Wyoming Basins Cliff and Canyon Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Subalpine Montane Fen Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Great Plains Closed Depressional Wetland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Great Plains Open Freshwater Depression Wetland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Great Plains Prairie Pothole Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Great Plains Saline Depression Wetland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Wooded Vernal Pool Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Greasewood Flat Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Great Plains Floodplain Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Great Plains Riparian Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Northern Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Riparian Woodland and Shrubland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Foothill Riparian Woodland and Shrubland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Subalpine Montane Riparian Shrubland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Subalpine Montane Riparian Woodland Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Rocky Mountain Conifer Swamp Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Emergent Marsh Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Geysers and Hot Springs Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Open Water Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Montana Field Guide Alpine Montane Wet Meadow Montana Natural Heritage Program Retrieved 2011 06 14 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ecological systems of Montana amp oldid 1183332549, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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