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EcoDensity

February 16, 2024

The EcoDensity Initiative was officially launched in 2006 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in conjunction with the World Urban Forum.[1] The initiative was a response to deconcentration of urban land use due to urban sprawl. The initiative used density, design and land use as catalysts towards livability, affordability and environmental sustainability. Some of the program's objectives were to reduce car reliance, deliver more efficient urban land use, improve green energy systems and build a resilient and adaptable community. In high-density urban areas, utilizing the existing infrastructure and transit and community amenities tends to lead towards a more sustainable and livable state.[2][3][4] Accordingly, EcoDensity was designed to strategically enhance densification with the primary aim of efficiently structured neighbourhoods, denser urban-patterns and increased affordable housing.[5][6]

Etymology edit

The "eco" in EcoDensity stands for both ecology and economy (affordability). "Density" in urban planning refers to upward or more compact construction, as opposed to urban sprawl.

Urban context of Vancouver edit

Vancouver is the largest city in the region with an increasing population in the metropolitan area.[7][8][9] Apart from the highly densified central business district (CBD), more efficient land use strategy was needed in less dense suburban neighbourhoods.[10][11] The urban development in Vancouver started in the 19th century mainly shaped by automobile-based infrastructural development.[12] As a result, urban sprawl has led to the dominance of single family homes in suburbia and high-density residential development in the downtown core.[13][14]

Urban sustainability edit

Since the early 1990s, an urban sustainability approach has significantly shaped the way Vancouver has responded to its growing problem, thus it has become a globally recognized eco-city.[15][16][17][18] "Vancouverism" is a new kind of city living[19] that incorporates deep respect for nature. As such, it is characterized by environmental awareness and successful urban planning with a path of urbanization that is unique in North America.[20][21] The EcoDensity Initiative aimed to facilitate greater housing affordability and diversity through strategic densification that focused on environmental sustainability and livability.[22][23] Part of this status could be attributed to the natural setting of the city between the Georgia Straight and the Coast Mountains, which invokes a strong sense of environmental consciousness and environmental protection.[24] Since the 1960s, Vancouver's strong community spirit manifested through citizen activism and traditional planning culture resulted in a strong trust between communities and the Council.[25][26]

Consequences of the eco-density approach edit

Intended consequences edit

The proclaimed aim of the EcoDensity Initiative was to increase density in low and medium dense urban areas along transport corridors.[27] Well-designed, mixed-use attractive neighbourhoods have the potential to increase density and stimulate active modes of travel, as well as catalyzing the development of sustainable communities.[28] With that in mind, in denser neighbourhoods, requirement for investment in infrastructure tends to be lower. In relation to the demand and supply situations and other contextual conditions, an extra supply of housing has the potential to lower property costs and as such is a way forward to achieve affordable housing. Furthermore, the Initiative aimed to deliver sustained growth and enhance livability.

Unintended consequences edit

The EcoDensity policy was unpopular. The political leadership backed by the development oriented agenda was not united towards promoting sustainability, which led to eco-density being used as a label to greenwash their program.[29][30] In all, the traditional planning culture involving various stakeholders turned into a hegemonic strategy because of the massive opposition.[31] Without a community-centred bottom-up approach neighbourhood associated the concept as "green overcrowding", "greenwashing", or "density without amenity".[32] This was due to neither EcoDensity nor related policies were designed to provide affordable housing rather than to moderate future price increase.[33][34][35] This resulted in the breakdown of a historical trust between residents and the Council.[36] Yet due to inadequate management and planning, surrounding municipalities are growing faster than Vancouver.[37][38] Indeed, ignoring community concerns, failing to effectively increase density and being governed by pro-developer and ideological perspectives, eventually eco-density has become a cautionary narrative that cities should avoid and can learn from.[39][40]

Overview edit

Vancouver's EcoDensity Initiative combined density, design and land use as a response to deconcentration of urban land use due to urban sprawl.[41] It aimed to achieve a more sustainable urban form through the intensification of existing neighbourhoods. Specifically, to increase density in low and medium dense areas along transport corridors in an environmentally friendly way that reduces the ecological footprint of the city.[42] Consequently, eco-densification has the potential to strengthen urban sustainability measures; however, its inherently narrowed scope and unintended consequences pertains to limitations.

Results edit

The EcoDensity Initiative spawned laneway houses[43] and increased density along the Canada Line rapid transit line, part of the SkyTrain system.[44] In 2012, Sydney and other Australian cities adopted EcoDensity principles into their urban planning program.[45]

References edit

  1. ^ "EcoDensity. How Density, Design, and Land Use Will Contribute to Environmental Sustainability, Affordability, and Livability" (PDF). Cit of Vancouver. 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  2. ^ Xue, Jin (2014). "Is eco-village/urban village the future of a degrowth society? An urban planner's perspective". Ecological Economics. 105 (September): 130–138. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.06.003.
  3. ^ Latouche, S. (2009). "Farewell to Growth" (PDF). Cambridge: Polity Press. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  4. ^ "Vancouver Ecodensity Charter: Green Liveable Cities". Danish Architecture Centre. 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  5. ^ Rosol, M. (2015). "Social mixing through densification? The struggle over the Little Mountain public housing complex in Vancouver". Die Erde. 146 (2–3): 151–164. doi:10.12854/erde-146-13.
  6. ^ "Getting Serious About Affordable Housing: Towards a Plan for Metro Vancouver" (PDF). CCPA. Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (CCPA). 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  7. ^ "Metro Vancouver grows by 150,000 residents [online]. Metro Vancouver". Metro Vancouver. 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  8. ^ "Metro Vancouver 2040: Shaping Our Future" (PDF). Metro Vancouver. 2011. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  9. ^ Boddy, T. "INSIGHT: Vancouverism vs. Lower Manhattanism: Shaping the High Density City". ArchNewsNow. p. 2005. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  10. ^ Lee, M.; Villagomez, E.; Gurstein, P.; Eby, D.; Wyly, E. (2008). "Affordable EcoDensity: Making Affordable Housing a Core Principle of Vancouver's EcoDensity Charter" (PDF). Policy Alternatives. Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives to Vancouver City Council. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  11. ^ "Downtown Vancouver (DVBIA): Neighbourhood Profile [online]. Downtown Vancouver Business Improvement Association" (PDF). Downtown Vancouver. 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  12. ^ "Introduction & Background [online]. Geography Department. University of British Columbia". UBC Geography Department. University of British Columbia. 1999. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  13. ^ Rosol, M. (2013). "Vancouver's EcoDensity Planning Initiative: A Struggle over Hegemony?" (PDF). Urban Studies. 50 (11): 2238–2255. doi:10.1177/0042098013478233. S2CID 55282834. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  14. ^ Bogdanowicz, J. (2006). "Vancouverism: With An Abundance of Planning Lingo Attempting to Describe the Process of Vancouver's Urbanism, the Following List of Definitions Summarizes the Many Elements Comprising the City". Canadian Architect. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  15. ^ McCann, E. (2011). "Urban policy mobilities and global circuits of knowledge: Toward a research agenda" (PDF). Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 101 (1): 107–130. doi:10.1080/00045608.2010.520219. S2CID 144638676.
  16. ^ Roy, A.; Ong, A. (2011). Worlding cities: Asian experiments and the art of being global. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 182–204.
  17. ^ Khirfan, L.; Jaffer, Z. (2013). "Sustainable Urbanism in Abu Dhabi: Transferring the Vancouver Model". Journal of Urban Affairs. 36 (3): 482–502. doi:10.1111/juaf.12050. S2CID 154190447.
  18. ^ Brunett-Jailly, E. (2008). "Vancouver: The sustainable city". Journal of Urban Affairs. 30 (4): 375–388. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9906.2008.00407.x. S2CID 154511533.
  19. ^ "Urban planning, sustainable zoning, and development". City of Vancouver. 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  20. ^ Bogdanowicz (2006). "Vancouverism: With An Abundance of Planning Lingo Attempting to Describe the Process of Vancouver's Urbanism, the Following List of Definitions Summarizes the Many Elements Comprising the City". Canadian Architect. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  21. ^ Berelowitz, L. (2006). "The State of Play in Creating a More Sustainable City. Dream City: Vancouver and the Global Imagination" (PDF). Concert Properties. Concert Realty Services Ltd. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  22. ^ "Learning from Vancouver: Gentle Density" (PDF). Isthmus Research. 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  23. ^ "EcoDensity. How Density, Design, and Land Use Will Contribute to Environmental Sustainability, Affordability, and Livability" (PDF). City of Vancouver. 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  24. ^ Affolderbach, A.; Schulz, C. (2017). "Positioning Vancouver through urban sustainability strategies? The Greenest City 2020 Action Pla". Journal of Cleaner Production. 15 (October): 676–685. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.234.
  25. ^ Sarkissian, W. (2013). "Vancouver's EcoDensity Policy: Reflections on Australian Planning's Cultural Cringe and Cultural Imperialism". Wendy Sarkissian PhD. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  26. ^ Ross, J. (2014). "Panic on Love Street: Citizens and Local Government Respond to Vancouver's Hippie Problem, 1967-68". BC Studies. 180 (Winter 2013/14): 11–41.
  27. ^ "EcoDensity. How Density, Design, and Land Use Will Contribute to Environmental Sustainability, Affordability, and Livability" (PDF). City of Vancouver. 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  28. ^ Dieleman, F.; Wegener, M. (2004). "Compact City and Urban Sprawl" (PDF). Built Environment. 30 (4): 308–323. doi:10.2148/benv.30.4.308.57151.
  29. ^ Condon, P. (2013). "Whose City Is It, Anyway". TheTyee. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  30. ^ Bula, F. (2005). "Vancouver's chief city planner to step down". The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  31. ^ Rosol, M. (2013). "Vancouver's EcoDensity Planning Initiative: A Struggle over Hegemony?" (PDF). Urban Studies. 50 (11): 2238–2255. doi:10.1177/0042098013478233. S2CID 55282834.
  32. ^ Sarkissian, W. (2013). "Vancouver's EcoDensity Policy: Reflections on Australian Planning's Cultural Cringe and Cultural Imperialism". Wendy Sarkissian PhD. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  33. ^ Rosol, M. (2015). "Social mixing through densification? The struggle over the Little Mountain public housing complex in Vancouver". Die Erde. 146 (2–3): 151–164.
  34. ^ Quastel, N.; Moos, M.; Lynch, N. (2012). "Sustainability as density and the return of the social: The case of Vancouver, British Columbia". Urban Geography. 33 (7): 1055–1084. doi:10.2747/0272-3638.33.7.1055. S2CID 145616233.
  35. ^ Lee, M.; Villagomez, E.; Gurstein, P.; Eby, D.; Wyly, E. (2008). "Affordable EcoDensity: Making Affordable Housing a Core Principle of Vancouver's EcoDensity Charter" (PDF). Policy Alternatives. Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives to Vancouver City Council. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  36. ^ Rosol, M. (2013). "Vancouver's EcoDensity Planning Initiative: A Struggle over Hegemony?" (PDF). Urban Studies. 50 (11): 2238–2255. doi:10.1177/0042098013478233. S2CID 55282834.
  37. ^ Bogdanowicz, J. (2006). "Vancouverism: With An Abundance of Planning Lingo Attempting to Describe the Process of Vancouver's Urbanism, the Following List of Definitions Summarizes the Many Elements Comprising the City". Canadian Architect. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  38. ^ Berelowitz, L. (2006). "The State of Play in Creating a More Sustainable City. Dream City: Vancouver and the Global Imagination" (PDF). Concert Properties. Concert Realty Services Ltd. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  39. ^ Rosol, M. (2013). ". Vancouver's EcoDensity Planning Initiative: A Struggle over Hegemony?" (PDF). Urban Studies. 50 (11): 2238–2255. doi:10.1177/0042098013478233. S2CID 55282834.
  40. ^ Lehmann, S. (2016). "Sustainable urbanism: towards a framework for quality and optimal density?" (PDF). Future Cities and Environment. 2: 8. doi:10.1186/s40984-016-0021-3. S2CID 59416346.
  41. ^ "EcoDensity. How Density, Design, and Land Use Will Contribute to Environmental Sustainability, Affordability, and Livability" (PDF). City of Vancouver. 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  42. ^ Dieleman, F.; Wegener, M. (2004). "Compact City and Urban Sprawl" (PDF). Built Environment. 30 (4): 308–323. doi:10.2148/benv.30.4.308.57151.
  43. ^ "Laneway housing to increase density in Vancouver". BC Living. 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  44. ^ Frances (2008). "What happened to the EcoDensity debate?". CTV News. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  45. ^ "Vancouvers EcoDensity strategy is good for Sydney". Urban Taskforce. 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2018.

February 16, 2024
ecodensity, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, reads, like, press, release, news, article, largely, based, routine, coverage, please, help, . This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article reads like a press release or a news article and may be largely based on routine coverage Please help improve this article and add independent sources August 2019 This article contains content that is written like an advertisement Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view August 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message The EcoDensity Initiative was officially launched in 2006 in Vancouver British Columbia Canada in conjunction with the World Urban Forum 1 The initiative was a response to deconcentration of urban land use due to urban sprawl The initiative used density design and land use as catalysts towards livability affordability and environmental sustainability Some of the program s objectives were to reduce car reliance deliver more efficient urban land use improve green energy systems and build a resilient and adaptable community In high density urban areas utilizing the existing infrastructure and transit and community amenities tends to lead towards a more sustainable and livable state 2 3 4 Accordingly EcoDensity was designed to strategically enhance densification with the primary aim of efficiently structured neighbourhoods denser urban patterns and increased affordable housing 5 6 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Urban context of Vancouver 3 Urban sustainability 4 Consequences of the eco density approach 4 1 Intended consequences 4 2 Unintended consequences 5 Overview 6 Results 7 ReferencesEtymology editThe eco in EcoDensity stands for both ecology and economy affordability Density in urban planning refers to upward or more compact construction as opposed to urban sprawl Urban context of Vancouver editVancouver is the largest city in the region with an increasing population in the metropolitan area 7 8 9 Apart from the highly densified central business district CBD more efficient land use strategy was needed in less dense suburban neighbourhoods 10 11 The urban development in Vancouver started in the 19th century mainly shaped by automobile based infrastructural development 12 As a result urban sprawl has led to the dominance of single family homes in suburbia and high density residential development in the downtown core 13 14 Urban sustainability editSince the early 1990s an urban sustainability approach has significantly shaped the way Vancouver has responded to its growing problem thus it has become a globally recognized eco city 15 16 17 18 Vancouverism is a new kind of city living 19 that incorporates deep respect for nature As such it is characterized by environmental awareness and successful urban planning with a path of urbanization that is unique in North America 20 21 The EcoDensity Initiative aimed to facilitate greater housing affordability and diversity through strategic densification that focused on environmental sustainability and livability 22 23 Part of this status could be attributed to the natural setting of the city between the Georgia Straight and the Coast Mountains which invokes a strong sense of environmental consciousness and environmental protection 24 Since the 1960s Vancouver s strong community spirit manifested through citizen activism and traditional planning culture resulted in a strong trust between communities and the Council 25 26 Consequences of the eco density approach editIntended consequences edit The proclaimed aim of the EcoDensity Initiative was to increase density in low and medium dense urban areas along transport corridors 27 Well designed mixed use attractive neighbourhoods have the potential to increase density and stimulate active modes of travel as well as catalyzing the development of sustainable communities 28 With that in mind in denser neighbourhoods requirement for investment in infrastructure tends to be lower In relation to the demand and supply situations and other contextual conditions an extra supply of housing has the potential to lower property costs and as such is a way forward to achieve affordable housing Furthermore the Initiative aimed to deliver sustained growth and enhance livability Unintended consequences edit The EcoDensity policy was unpopular The political leadership backed by the development oriented agenda was not united towards promoting sustainability which led to eco density being used as a label to greenwash their program 29 30 In all the traditional planning culture involving various stakeholders turned into a hegemonic strategy because of the massive opposition 31 Without a community centred bottom up approach neighbourhood associated the concept as green overcrowding greenwashing or density without amenity 32 This was due to neither EcoDensity nor related policies were designed to provide affordable housing rather than to moderate future price increase 33 34 35 This resulted in the breakdown of a historical trust between residents and the Council 36 Yet due to inadequate management and planning surrounding municipalities are growing faster than Vancouver 37 38 Indeed ignoring community concerns failing to effectively increase density and being governed by pro developer and ideological perspectives eventually eco density has become a cautionary narrative that cities should avoid and can learn from 39 40 Overview editVancouver s EcoDensity Initiative combined density design and land use as a response to deconcentration of urban land use due to urban sprawl 41 It aimed to achieve a more sustainable urban form through the intensification of existing neighbourhoods Specifically to increase density in low and medium dense areas along transport corridors in an environmentally friendly way that reduces the ecological footprint of the city 42 Consequently eco densification has the potential to strengthen urban sustainability measures however its inherently narrowed scope and unintended consequences pertains to limitations Results editThe EcoDensity Initiative spawned laneway houses 43 and increased density along the Canada Line rapid transit line part of the SkyTrain system 44 In 2012 Sydney and other Australian cities adopted EcoDensity principles into their urban planning program 45 References edit EcoDensity How Density Design and Land Use Will Contribute to Environmental Sustainability Affordability and Livability PDF Cit of Vancouver 2009 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Xue Jin 2014 Is eco village urban village the future of a degrowth society An urban planner s perspective Ecological Economics 105 September 130 138 doi 10 1016 j ecolecon 2014 06 003 Latouche S 2009 Farewell to Growth PDF Cambridge Polity Press Retrieved 5 October 2018 Vancouver Ecodensity Charter Green Liveable Cities Danish Architecture Centre 2014 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Rosol M 2015 Social mixing through densification The struggle over the Little Mountain public housing complex in Vancouver Die Erde 146 2 3 151 164 doi 10 12854 erde 146 13 Getting Serious About Affordable Housing Towards a Plan for Metro Vancouver PDF CCPA Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives CCPA 2016 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Metro Vancouver grows by 150 000 residents online Metro Vancouver Metro Vancouver 2017 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Metro Vancouver 2040 Shaping Our Future PDF Metro Vancouver 2011 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Boddy T INSIGHT Vancouverism vs Lower Manhattanism Shaping the High Density City ArchNewsNow p 2005 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Lee M Villagomez E Gurstein P Eby D Wyly E 2008 Affordable EcoDensity Making Affordable Housing a Core Principle of Vancouver s EcoDensity Charter PDF Policy Alternatives Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives to Vancouver City Council Retrieved 5 October 2018 Downtown Vancouver DVBIA Neighbourhood Profile online Downtown Vancouver Business Improvement Association PDF Downtown Vancouver 2009 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Introduction amp Background online Geography Department University of British Columbia UBC Geography Department University of British Columbia 1999 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Rosol M 2013 Vancouver s EcoDensity Planning Initiative A Struggle over Hegemony PDF Urban Studies 50 11 2238 2255 doi 10 1177 0042098013478233 S2CID 55282834 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Bogdanowicz J 2006 Vancouverism With An Abundance of Planning Lingo Attempting to Describe the Process of Vancouver s Urbanism the Following List of Definitions Summarizes the Many Elements Comprising the City Canadian Architect Retrieved 5 October 2018 McCann E 2011 Urban policy mobilities and global circuits of knowledge Toward a research agenda PDF Annals of the Association of American Geographers 101 1 107 130 doi 10 1080 00045608 2010 520219 S2CID 144638676 Roy A Ong A 2011 Worlding cities Asian experiments and the art of being global Chichester UK Wiley Blackwell pp 182 204 Khirfan L Jaffer Z 2013 Sustainable Urbanism in Abu Dhabi Transferring the Vancouver Model Journal of Urban Affairs 36 3 482 502 doi 10 1111 juaf 12050 S2CID 154190447 Brunett Jailly E 2008 Vancouver The sustainable city Journal of Urban Affairs 30 4 375 388 doi 10 1111 j 1467 9906 2008 00407 x S2CID 154511533 Urban planning sustainable zoning and development City of Vancouver 2018 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Bogdanowicz 2006 Vancouverism With An Abundance of Planning Lingo Attempting to Describe the Process of Vancouver s Urbanism the Following List of Definitions Summarizes the Many Elements Comprising the City Canadian Architect Retrieved 5 October 2018 Berelowitz L 2006 The State of Play in Creating a More Sustainable City Dream City Vancouver and the Global Imagination PDF Concert Properties Concert Realty Services Ltd Retrieved 5 October 2018 Learning from Vancouver Gentle Density PDF Isthmus Research 2013 Retrieved 5 October 2018 EcoDensity How Density Design and Land Use Will Contribute to Environmental Sustainability Affordability and Livability PDF City of Vancouver 2009 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Affolderbach A Schulz C 2017 Positioning Vancouver through urban sustainability strategies The Greenest City 2020 Action Pla Journal of Cleaner Production 15 October 676 685 doi 10 1016 j jclepro 2017 06 234 Sarkissian W 2013 Vancouver s EcoDensity Policy Reflections on Australian Planning s Cultural Cringe and Cultural Imperialism Wendy Sarkissian PhD Retrieved 5 October 2018 Ross J 2014 Panic on Love Street Citizens and Local Government Respond to Vancouver s Hippie Problem 1967 68 BC Studies 180 Winter 2013 14 11 41 EcoDensity How Density Design and Land Use Will Contribute to Environmental Sustainability Affordability and Livability PDF City of Vancouver 2009 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Dieleman F Wegener M 2004 Compact City and Urban Sprawl PDF Built Environment 30 4 308 323 doi 10 2148 benv 30 4 308 57151 Condon P 2013 Whose City Is It Anyway TheTyee Retrieved 5 October 2018 Bula F 2005 Vancouver s chief city planner to step down The Globe and Mail The Globe and Mail Retrieved 5 October 2018 Rosol M 2013 Vancouver s EcoDensity Planning Initiative A Struggle over Hegemony PDF Urban Studies 50 11 2238 2255 doi 10 1177 0042098013478233 S2CID 55282834 Sarkissian W 2013 Vancouver s EcoDensity Policy Reflections on Australian Planning s Cultural Cringe and Cultural Imperialism Wendy Sarkissian PhD Retrieved 5 October 2018 Rosol M 2015 Social mixing through densification The struggle over the Little Mountain public housing complex in Vancouver Die Erde 146 2 3 151 164 Quastel N Moos M Lynch N 2012 Sustainability as density and the return of the social The case of Vancouver British Columbia Urban Geography 33 7 1055 1084 doi 10 2747 0272 3638 33 7 1055 S2CID 145616233 Lee M Villagomez E Gurstein P Eby D Wyly E 2008 Affordable EcoDensity Making Affordable Housing a Core Principle of Vancouver s EcoDensity Charter PDF Policy Alternatives Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives to Vancouver City Council Retrieved 5 October 2018 Rosol M 2013 Vancouver s EcoDensity Planning Initiative A Struggle over Hegemony PDF Urban Studies 50 11 2238 2255 doi 10 1177 0042098013478233 S2CID 55282834 Bogdanowicz J 2006 Vancouverism With An Abundance of Planning Lingo Attempting to Describe the Process of Vancouver s Urbanism the Following List of Definitions Summarizes the Many Elements Comprising the City Canadian Architect Retrieved 5 October 2018 Berelowitz L 2006 The State of Play in Creating a More Sustainable City Dream City Vancouver and the Global Imagination PDF Concert Properties Concert Realty Services Ltd Retrieved 5 October 2018 Rosol M 2013 Vancouver s EcoDensity Planning Initiative A Struggle over Hegemony PDF Urban Studies 50 11 2238 2255 doi 10 1177 0042098013478233 S2CID 55282834 Lehmann S 2016 Sustainable urbanism towards a framework for quality and optimal density PDF Future Cities and Environment 2 8 doi 10 1186 s40984 016 0021 3 S2CID 59416346 EcoDensity How Density Design and Land Use Will Contribute to Environmental Sustainability Affordability and Livability PDF City of Vancouver 2009 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Dieleman F Wegener M 2004 Compact City and Urban Sprawl PDF Built Environment 30 4 308 323 doi 10 2148 benv 30 4 308 57151 Laneway housing to increase density in Vancouver BC Living 2009 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Frances 2008 What happened to the EcoDensity debate CTV News Retrieved 5 October 2018 Vancouvers EcoDensity strategy is good for Sydney Urban Taskforce 2017 Retrieved 5 October 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title EcoDensity amp oldid 1198152878, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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