Easter Road
Easter Road is a football stadium located in the Leith area of Edinburgh, Scotland, which is the home ground of Scottish Premiership club Hibernian (Hibs). The stadium currently has an all-seated capacity of 20,421,[4][5] which makes it the fifth-largest football stadium in Scotland. Easter Road is also known by Hibs fans as "The Holy Ground" or "The Leith San Siro".[1][2] The venue has also been used to stage international matches, Scottish League Cup semi-finals and was briefly the home ground of the Edinburgh professional rugby union team.
Easter Road Stadium Location in Edinburgh | |
| Location | 12 Albion Place Edinburgh EH7 5QG[3] |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 55°57′42″N 3°9′56″W / 55.96167°N 3.16556°WCoordinates: 55°57′42″N 3°9′56″W / 55.96167°N 3.16556°W |
| Owner | Hibernian F.C. |
| Capacity | 20,421[4][5] |
| Record attendance | 65,860 v Hearts 2 January 1950 |
| Surface | Natural grass |
| Construction | |
| Broke ground | 1892 |
| Opened | 1893 |
| Renovated | 2010 |
| Architect | Percy Johnson-Marshall (Famous Five and South Stands)[6] |
| Tenants | |
Hibernian F.C. Edinburgh Rugby | 1893–present 1998–1999 |
Hibs first played at the present site of Easter Road in 1893. The ground holds the record attendance for a Scottish match outside Glasgow, when 65,860 attended an Edinburgh derby on 2 January 1950.[7] The size of the terracing was greatly reduced in the 1980s. After the publication of the Taylor Report, Hibs considered leaving Easter Road and moving to a different site (Straiton, near Loanhead was mooted), but these plans were abandoned in 1994. Redevelopment of the stadium began in 1995 and was completed in 2010. The Easter Road pitch had a pronounced slope until it was removed in 2000.[8]
History
Early history (1893–1945)
Hibernian played its first match on the Meadows, on 25 December 1875.[9] The club first moved to the Easter Road area in 1880,[10] to a ground known as Hibernian Park.[11] This location had the advantage of being equidistant between their two main sources of support, the Irish immigrant communities in the port of Leith and the Old Town of Edinburgh.[12] When Hibs suffered financial difficulties in the early 1890s, the lease on Hibernian Park expired and developers started building what would become Bothwell Street.[10] The club was reformed in 1892 and a lease on a piece of land called Drum Park was secured.[1] The site had restricted access from Easter Road, a pronounced slope and was in close proximity to Bank Park, the home of Leith Athletic.[1][13] There was a sense of continuity from the previous ground, however, and the supporters were keen to get started again.[1] The first match at Easter Road was played on 4 February 1893, a friendly against Clyde.[14]
Easter Road staged its first Scottish League match when Hibs joined the league in 1893.[15] Hibs were only renting Easter Road, which Edinburgh city planners had designated for future development.[16] This meant the club were unwilling to develop the ground and looked for alternatives.[16] Hibs considered relocating to Aberdeen in 1902,[10] a year before Aberdeen FC was formed by a merger of three local clubs.[13] In 1909, work began on a potential new ground in the Piershill area of Edinburgh, but the North British Railway company won a court order allowing them to build a railway line over the ground.[10][13] No line was ever built, but Hibs' interest in moving to the site was thwarted.[10] The long-term future of Easter Road was only secured in 1922, when the club agreed a 25-year lease on the ground.[10][16] Two years later, three banks of terraces were raised, while a main stand seating 4,480 people was built on the west side of the ground.[10] The redeveloped stadium had a capacity of 45,000.[16] The pitch was also moved 40 yards to the east, providing space for the main stand.[13] The slope was reduced to approximately 6 feet as part of this work.[13]
Post-war (1945–1991)
Hibs enjoyed great success in the period immediately after the end of the Second World War,[10] winning three league championships between 1948 and 1952. The club's participation in the (inaugural) 1955–56 European Cup meant that Easter Road became the first British ground to host European Cup football.[17] A record attendance of 65,860 was set by an Edinburgh derby against Hearts played on 2 January 1950.[18][19][20] This is also a record for any football match played in Edinburgh.[18][19] As the fans had been tightly packed on the terraces to achieve this record attendance, the size of the East Terrace was increased further.[10] The club even drew up plans to expand the overall capacity to nearly 100,000.[20] This would have been done by raising each end terrace to the same height as the east side, but these plans were never realised.[16]
Hibs were one of the first clubs to install corner floodlight pylons, rather than the roof-mounted lights used at Ibrox.[10] The Easter Road floodlights were installed by a local company, Miller & Stables, who would construct similar leaning gantries in many other Scottish grounds.[10] They were first used for an Edinburgh derby played on 18 October 1954.[10] A roof was put over the North Terrace in the early 1960s, but the ground was largely unchanged through the 1960s and 1970s.[10] The capacity was reduced in 1975 to 30,000, due to the regulations of the Safety of Sports Grounds Act.[16] Hibs became the first club in Scotland to install undersoil heating, in 1980.[10] Benches were installed in the North Terrace in 1982, but this was only because they were cheaper than replacing the terrace crush barriers.[10][16] Soon afterwards, Hibs chairman Kenny Waugh admitted that the stadium was a "mess".[21]
The height of the East Terrace was greatly reduced and a roof was erected in the mid-1980s.[10][21] This work reduced the capacity to 27,000.[21] Hibs was taken over by a consortium led by David Duff in 1987.[10] The new regime spent approximately £1 million on executive boxes and refurbishments, but their policy of diversifying the business into property and public houses crippled the club financially when there was an economic downturn in the late 1980s.[10] Hearts chairman Wallace Mercer attempted a takeover of Hibs in June 1990, with the intention of merging the two major Edinburgh football clubs.[10] The Hibs fans protested against this and Mercer was prevented from gaining the 75% shareholding that was needed to close Hibs.[10]
Redevelopment (1991–2010)
Sir Tom Farmer took control of Hibs in 1991,[22] but the club was still faced with the need to develop a stadium that would meet the requirements of the Taylor Report.[10] Hibs entered talks with Edinburgh District Council about sharing a new stadium with Hearts, but the proposed site of Ingliston was in the wrong part of the city for Hibs.[10] The club was more interested in the possibility of playing at Meadowbank Stadium, only a few hundred yards from Easter Road, but there were planning difficulties with adapting Meadowbank into a large football stadium.[6] The reorganisation of the club after Farmer took control meant that there was no real pressure to move, as he also owned Easter Road.[6] The Hibs board made an assessment, however, that the ground could not be renovated in a cost-effective fashion before the August 1994 deadline set by the Taylor Report.[6] Hibs proposed in January 1992 to sell Easter Road and move to a site owned by Farmer in Straiton.[23] Hibs also invited Hearts to share this stadium, as their proposal for a site in Millerhill had been rejected by planners.[6] Those plans were scaled down in 1993 when Lothian Regional Council refused to allow the rest of the Straiton site to be used for commercial development.[6] The Hibs board continued to back the Straiton proposal and they insisted the installation of bucket seats in the uncovered South Terrace was merely to comply with the Taylor Report deadline.[6] This measure also reduced the capacity of Easter Road to 13,500.[6]
Later in 1994, however, the Straiton proposals were abandoned and Easter Road underwent major redevelopment in 1995.[6][23] Stands behind each goal were built at a cost of £8 million, increasing the capacity to 16,531.[7][22][24] The ground was made all seated by the installation of bucket seats in the East Terrace during 1995.[7][21] Views of the pitch from this stand were somewhat restricted by supporting pillars.[7] The Easter Road slope, which meant that the north end of the pitch was 6 feet lower than the south, was removed at the end of the 1999–00 season.[13][8][25] The West Stand was built in 2001 to replace the ageing main stand,[21] increasing capacity to 17,500.[26]
Despite this development work, a move to a shared stadium in Straiton was again proposed in 2003.[27] Hibs hoped that selling the Easter Road site would allow them to clear their debts and reduce costs.[27] Club director Rod Petrie commented that any decision would be based on financial grounds and after consultation with the fanbase, as the club were not being forced to move.[23] Farmer expressed support for further redeveloping Easter Road, if it could be part of a viable business plan.[28] During the consultation, Farmer said that his main priority was ensuring the club's survival and denied that any deal had been concluded.[29] The consultation found that the fans were largely opposed to the Straiton proposal, which the club eventually abandoned.[30] To remove part of the debt, the club sold some land to the east of the stadium that had previously been used for car parking.[31][32] Selling players, including Steven Whittaker, Scott Brown, Kevin Thomson and Steven Fletcher, also funded these debts and further work.[33]
The club first obtained planning permission to replace the East Stand in 1999, and this was renewed in 2005.[7] Hibs started a consultation with supporters on its redevelopment in 2007.[7] The development was put on hold until sufficient cash resources were obtained to finance the project.[34] The consultation process found that a single tier stand would be most popular with the fans.[21] Petrie announced at the 2009 annual general meeting that the club would enter negotiations with contractors to establish the cost of rebuilding the stand.[35] After these negotiations were concluded, Hibs announced in February 2010 that work would immediately begin on a new East Stand, increasing capacity to 20,421.[4] Demolition of the old stand began in early March,[36] and the stand was opened a month ahead of schedule in August 2010.[20][33][37]
Large video screens were installed into the corners between the East Stand and the two end stands in 2021.[38]
Structure and facilities
Easter Road is an all-seated stadium, split into four geographic sections, known as the Famous Five (formerly North),[21] East, South and West stands. The Famous Five and South stands are the oldest part of the present stadium, built in 1995.[6] Each stand has two tiers, a cantilevered roof and a capacity of nearly 4,000.[24] To keep within the boundaries of the site, the upper deck of each stand angles toward the centre.[24] When the stands were built, the Famous Five Stand was above pitch level and the South Stand was below, but this was corrected when the natural slope was removed.[24] Each stand also stretched beyond the east touchline, which was corrected by widening the pitch when the East Stand was rebuilt.[24] Between the two tiers of the Famous Five Stand there are function suites and lounges.[21][24] Before the stands were rebuilt in the 1990s, the north and south ends of Easter Road were known as the Cowshed and Dunbar End respectively.[21] The southern end was called the Dunbar End because there was a lemonade factory named Dunbar's located behind it.[39]
The West Stand, which initially had a capacity of 6,500, was built in 2001.[21][40] A reception area, club offices, media centre, banqueting suites, hospitality area and changing rooms are located in the West Stand.[21][40] The capacity of the West Stand was reduced slightly when the new East Stand was constructed in 2010, as the pitch was widened during this development.[41] The East Stand, which is the newest part of the stadium, was built in 2010.[37][42] It is the only stand that is not split into two tiers and has a capacity of 6,400.[4] The decision to build the East Stand as a single tier was taken to maintain the character of the old terrace, which had been a simple viewing area without many facilities.[43]
Other uses
Other football matches
Kirkcaldy club Raith Rovers used Easter Road as a home venue once, for the home leg of a UEFA Cup tie against Bayern Munich in 1995.[44] The match was moved from Rovers' normal home ground of Stark's Park due to Easter Road's greater capacity.[45] Easter Road has sometimes played host to Scottish League Cup semi-final matches, such as in the 1996, 1998, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2013 and 2014 competitions.[46][47][48][49][50] Team managers Terry Butcher and Gus MacPherson objected to playing semi-finals at Easter Road, on the grounds that their players should have the chance to play at Hampden Park, or that playing against Hearts in Edinburgh gives them a form of home advantage.[48][51] The 2014 Scottish Challenge Cup Final between Raith Rovers and Rangers was hosted at Easter Road.[52]
Scotland have played seven full international matches at Easter Road. These have been friendly matches against less attractive opposition where a relatively small crowd was expected, and it has therefore been unnecessary to play the match at Hampden Park. The Scotland under-21 team has also sometimes played matches at Easter Road, such as when Scotland played Iceland in the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualification play-offs.[53] The most recent full international played at the stadium was a friendly match between Scotland and Canada in March 2017. One full international was played at Easter Road that did not involve Scotland, a friendly match between South Korea and Ghana that was played in advance of the 2006 World Cup.[54]
Scotland women played their first match at Easter Road in August 2019, a Euro 2021 qualifying match against Cyprus.[55]
Full internationals
Eight men's full international football matches have been played at Easter Road, all of them since 1998.
| 30 May 2004 Friendly | Scotland | 4–1 | Trinidad and Tobago | Edinburgh |
| Fletcher 6' Holt 12' Caldwell 23' Quashie 35' | Report | 55' John | Stadium: Easter Road Attendance: 16,187 Referee: Pieter Vink (Netherlands) |
| 4 June 2006 Friendly[54] | South Korea | 1–3 | Ghana | Edinburgh |
| Lee 49' | Report | 35' (pen.) Gyan 62' Muntari 81' Essien | Stadium: Easter Road Attendance: 7,600 Referee: Dougie McDonald (Scotland) |
| 5 June 2015 Friendly[57] | Scotland | 1–0 | Qatar | Edinburgh |
| Ritchie 41' | Report | Stadium: Easter Road Attendance: 14,270 Referee: Sébastien Delferière (Belgium) |
Easter Road hosted its first women's international match in August 2019.[55]
| 14 April 2020 Euro 2021 Q | Scotland | – | Portugal | Edinburgh |
| 19:30 BST | Stadium: Easter Road |
| 22 September 2020 Euro 2021 Q | Scotland | – | Finland | Edinburgh |
| 19:30 BST | Stadium: Easter Road |
Other sports
Easter Road was briefly the home ground for Edinburgh Rugby, a professional rugby union team, in the late 1990s.[59] Heineken Cup matches against Ebbw Vale and Toulouse were played at the ground during the 1998–99 season, with attendances of a few thousand.[59][60] Edinburgh again expressed interest in using Easter Road in both 2004 and 2006, but this was opposed by Hibs manager Tony Mowbray, who was concerned that playing rugby would damage the pitch.[60][61] The Scottish Rugby Union (SRU) included Easter Road in a bid for Edinburgh to host the Heineken Cup and European Challenge Cup finals in 2014.[62] In June 2015, the SRU chief executive indicated that trial matches could be played at Easter Road with a view to Edinburgh Rugby moving there for a longer term.[63] It has since been announced that the team will move to Myreside from January 2017.[64]
One of the hospitality suites within the stadium staged an amateur boxing show on 15 November 2009.[65]
Uses other than sport
Elton John performed Easter Road's first rock concert on 25 June 2005.[66] The international headquarters of the Homeless World Cup is based in the South Stand of the stadium.[67]
Transport
Edinburgh Waverley railway station, the main station in Edinburgh, is approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the stadium; the walk between the two sites takes approximately 20 minutes.[3][68] There was a railway halt immediately beside the ground, part of the Edinburgh, Leith and Newhaven Railway, which was opened in 1950 and closed in 1967.[69] An extension to the Edinburgh Trams system, which will serve the stadium via the McDonald Road tram stop on Leith Walk, is under construction and is due to begin operations in spring 2023.[70]
Easter Road is served by several Lothian Buses routes.[71] Services 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 22, 25 and 49 run down Leith Walk; services 1 and 300 run down Easter Road itself; services 4, 5, 15, 19, 26, 34 and 44 run along London Road and routes 34 and 49 serve Lochend Road.[71] Several of these routes are affected by the tram construction works.[72] East Coast Buses routes X5, X7, X24/124, 104 and 113 also serve the area.[73] Visitors to the ground travelling by car can park in the surrounding streets.[68]
References
- ^ a b c d e Lugton 1999, p. 199
- ^ a b "Sparky in The Hibernian". hibernianfc.co.uk. Hibernian F.C. 24 September 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
Buzzing like a wasp and stinging like a diehard Hibee, Leigh Griffiths has brought a gust of invigorating fresh air to the team's attack since joining the club on loan. Having supported Hibernian from the stands as a boy and after playing for the team in green at junior level – before spells with Livingston and Dundee – Griffiths must have felt like he was coming home. But his transition from Leith Academy to the Leith San Siro has not been a smooth ride, although the Scotland under-21 striker says he is glad he got there in the end.
- ^ a b "STADIUM DIRECTIONS". hibernianfc.co.uk. Hibernian FC. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d Hardie, David (2 November 2010). "Easter Road set for biggest crowd in 17 years as Hibs take on Hearts". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. Retrieved 2 November 2010.
- ^ a b "Hibernian Football Club". spfl.co.uk. Scottish Professional Football League. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Inglis 1996, p. 451
- ^ a b c d e f Leslie, Colin (23 February 2010). "Fans' favourite to make its last stand as sun sets on the East". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ a b "Hibs bid farewell to slope". BBC Sport. BBC. 29 April 2000. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ Lugton 1999, p. 26
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Inglis 1996, p. 450
- ^ Lugton 1999, p. 46
- ^ Lugton 1999, p. 45
- ^ a b c d e f Robertson, Rob (26 April 2000). "Time up for slope graced by the best With Easter Road pitch due to be levelled, Lawrie Reilly recalls when Hibs loved playing down the hill". The Herald. Herald & Times Group. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
- ^ Lugton 1999, p. 205
- ^ Lugton 1999, p. 218
- ^ a b c d e f g Inglis 1987, p. 340
- ^ Anderson, Alex (26 July 2013). . When Saturday Comes. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
- ^ a b Halliday, Stephen (28 July 2007). "Magical Barça to cast spell before Hearts' record crowd". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ a b "Hearts heading for a home record". BBC Sport. BBC. 27 July 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ a b c Hardie, David (19 August 2010). "Stand and watch march of progress at Hibs". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "How Hibs ground Easter Road has evolved since Waugh sent in bulldozers in 1983". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. 23 February 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ a b "Hibs reveal Farmer stake". BBC Sport. 30 July 2003.
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- ^ Woods, Natasha (2 November 2003). . Sunday Herald. Herald & Times Group. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ^ Robertson, Rob (2 December 2002). "Cash from Hibs' land sale will not be handed to Williamson". The Herald. Herald & Times Group. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ "Hibernian lose £1.9m but car park sale cuts debt to £10m". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 1 October 2004. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
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- ^ "Hibs accounts delay stand plans". BBC Sport. BBC. 14 September 2008.
- ^ "Hibernian to reconsider East Stand plans for Easter Road". Daily Record. 8 October 2009.
- ^ "Mixed emotions at Easter Road, as Hibs' East Terrace is torn down". news.stv.tv. STV. 3 March 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
- ^ a b Hardie, David (10 August 2010). "Hibs' East Stand to be open for season opener". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
- ^ Gordon, Moira (25 September 2021). "Home comfort as locked out Hibs get opportunity to watch Rangers clash live on Easter Road big screens". Edinburgh Evening News. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "I'll see you at the Dunbar's end, Sandra". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. 17 October 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
- ^ a b "Bulldozers arrive at Easter Road". BBC Sport. BBC. 16 January 2001. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ "New stadium rapidly taking shape as Hibs ensure construction is kept to schedule". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 13 May 2010. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ "Hibernian hail Easter Road stadium expansion". BBC Sport. BBC. 22 February 2010. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ "One-tier stand to take Easter Road to 21,000". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 22 November 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
- ^ McKinney, David (18 October 1995). "Bayern ruin all Raith's dreams". The Independent. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
- ^ Shaw, Phil (30 September 1995). "Dancing in streets of Raith again". The Independent. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
- ^ "Office semi-divided". BBC Sport. BBC. 30 January 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ "Cup semi for Easter Road". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. 10 December 2003. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ a b "Butcher bemoans Easter Road semi". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. 19 November 2004. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ "Semi-final now pay-at-gate after crowd fears". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. 24 January 2006. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ "Scottish Communities League Cup: St Mirren face Celtic in semi". BBC Sport. BBC. 8 November 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
- ^ "Fir Park and Hampden host semis". BBC Sport. BBC. 10 November 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
- ^ "Ramsdens Cup Final between Raith Rovers and Rangers set for Easter Road". sport.stv.tv. STV. 30 October 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
- ^ Pattullo, Alan (15 October 2010). "Hibs' reward for rebuilding job is to stage Scotland U-21 play-off". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
- ^ a b Grahame, Ewing (5 June 2006). "Essien entertains for Ghana". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ a b "Scotland Women 8–0 Cyprus Women". BBC Sport. BBC. 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
- ^ "Scotland to play Australia and Luxembourg in friendlies". BBC Sport. BBC. 5 March 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
- ^ "Scotland: Qatar to be opposition in Easter Road friendly". BBC Sport. BBC. 9 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
- ^ "Scotland line up friendly with Canada at Easter Road". BBC Sport. BBC. 23 January 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ a b "Gunners eye Easter Road". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 16 January 2006. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ a b "Easter Road put in the frame as new home for Gunners". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 3 November 2006. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ "Easter Road on rugby agenda". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 7 July 2004. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ Bean, Graham (21 June 2013). "SRU: Easter Road could be Amlin final venue". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
- ^ English, Tom (7 June 2015). "Edinburgh Rugby keen on 'test games' at Easter Road". BBC Sport. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- ^ "Edinburgh confirm move from Murrayfield to Myreside". BBC Sport. 10 March 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
- ^ "Boxing bound for Easter Rd". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 24 October 2009.
- ^ "Elton John set for Hibs & Killie". BBC Sport. BBC. 20 January 2005.
- ^ "Easter Road provides a home for World Cup organisers". Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
- ^ a b . Scottish Football Ground Guide. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ (PDF). North British Railway Study Group. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ Matchett, Conor (10 October 2019). "This is where the new Edinburgh tram stops will be under the Newhaven expansion". The Scotsman. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
- ^ a b "Route Map" (PDF). Lothian Buses. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
- ^ "Network changes announced for next stage of Trams to Newhaven project". Lothian Buses. 17 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
- ^ "Map". Eas Coast Buses. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- Sources
- Inglis, Simon (1987). Football Grounds of Britain. Collins Willow. ISBN 0-00-218249-1.
- Inglis, Simon (1996). Football Grounds of Britain. Collins Willow. ISBN 0-00-218426-5.
- Lugton, Alan (1999). The Making of Hibernian 1. John Donald Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-85976-509-1.
External links
- (Google Maps)