The Caspian red deer is a subspecies of the red deer.
Descriptionedit
The Caspian red deer is around 4 feet 6 inches (1.37 m) tall, and can weigh 500 to 700 pounds (230 to 320 kg). Their antlers are around 4 feet (1.2 m) in length, and 6 inches (150 mm) in girth.[4] Its coat is dark gray, except in the summer, when it is a dark brown. They shed their antlers in late winter and their new antlers reach full growth in late summer. One, occasionally two, fawns are born in mid-spring. The fawns are reddish brown with white spots.[5]
Ecology and behaviouredit
The Caspian red deer is a social and primarily nocturnal animal. It eats a variety of grasses and leaves and occasionally berries and mushrooms.[5]
Domesticationedit
The Caspian red deer has been domesticated in the 2nd century.[3]
Threatsedit
Within Russia, the Caspian red deer has been hunted for velvet antlers since the 1930s.[6] Historically, demand for velvet antlers from Asia was met by organized deer farms in the Soviet Union.[7] Hunting by humans have been noted as the cause for decreases in population. The approximate number of Caspian red deer in eastern Georgia dropped from 2,500 in 1985 to 880 in 1994.[8] Their primary predators include Persian leopards and, to a lesser extent, wolves and brown bears.[5] In the past they were also hunted by the now-extinct Caspian tiger.
Referencesedit
^Shokri, Shirko; Jafari, Abbas; Rabei, Korous; Hadipour, Ehsan; Alinejad, Hossein; Zeppenfeld, Thorsten; Soufi, Mobin; Qashqaei, Ali; Ahmadpour, Mohsen; Zehzad, Bahram; Kiabi, Bahram H.; Pavey, Chris R.; Balkenhol, Niko; Waltert, Matthias; Soofi, Mahmood (2021). "Conserving populations at the edge of their geographic range: the endangered Caspian red deer (Cervus elaphus maral) across protected areas of Iran". Biodiversity and Conservation. 30 (1). Springer Link: 85–105. Bibcode:2021BiCon..30...85S. doi:10.1007/s10531-020-02077-4. S2CID 254283122. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
^Henry Charles Howard Suffolk and Berkshire (Earl of); Hedley Peek; Frederick George Aflalo (1911). The Encyclopaedia of sport & games. J.B. Lippincott company. p. 76.
^ abEncyclopedia of Meat Sciences: 3-volume set. Elsevier Science. 22 July 2014. p. 194. ISBN978-0-12-384734-8.
^ abHenry Charles Howard Suffolk and Berkshire (Earl of); Hedley Peek; Frederick George Aflalo (1911). The Encyclopaedia of sport & games. W. Heinemann. p. 262.
^ abcEskandar Firouz (14 October 2005). The Complete Fauna of Iran. I.B.Tauris. p. 83. ISBN978-1-85043-946-2.
^Jörg Gertel; Richard B. Le Heron (2011). Economic Spaces of Pastoral Production and Commodity Systems: Markets and Livelihoods. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 232. ISBN978-1-4094-2531-1.
^Alison Davidson (1 August 2000). Velvet Antler: Nature's Superior Tonic. SAFE GOODS/New Century Publishing 2000. p. 13. ISBN978-0-9701110-0-5.
caspian, deer, this, article, about, deer, subspecies, altai, siberian, maral, altai, wapiti, tian, shan, maral, tian, shan, wapiti, cervus, elaphus, maral, easternmost, subspecies, deer, that, native, areas, between, black, caspian, such, crimea, asia, minor,. This article is about the a red deer subspecies For the Altai or Siberian maral see Altai wapiti For the Tian Shan maral see Tian Shan wapiti The Caspian red deer Cervus elaphus maral is one of the easternmost subspecies of red deer that is native to areas between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea such as Crimea Asia Minor the Caucasus Mountains region bordering Europe and Asia and along the Caspian Sea region in Iran 2 The Caspian red deer is sometimes referred to as maral noble deer or eastern red deer 3 4 Caspian red deer Conservation status Endangered IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Artiodactyla Family Cervidae Subfamily Cervinae Genus Cervus Species C elaphus Subspecies C e maral Trinomial name Cervus elaphus maral Gray 1850 Contents 1 Classification 2 Description 3 Ecology and behaviour 4 Domestication 5 Threats 6 References 7 External linksClassification editThe Caspian red deer is a subspecies of the red deer Description editThe Caspian red deer is around 4 feet 6 inches 1 37 m tall and can weigh 500 to 700 pounds 230 to 320 kg Their antlers are around 4 feet 1 2 m in length and 6 inches 150 mm in girth 4 Its coat is dark gray except in the summer when it is a dark brown They shed their antlers in late winter and their new antlers reach full growth in late summer One occasionally two fawns are born in mid spring The fawns are reddish brown with white spots 5 Ecology and behaviour editThe Caspian red deer is a social and primarily nocturnal animal It eats a variety of grasses and leaves and occasionally berries and mushrooms 5 Domestication editThe Caspian red deer has been domesticated in the 2nd century 3 Threats editWithin Russia the Caspian red deer has been hunted for velvet antlers since the 1930s 6 Historically demand for velvet antlers from Asia was met by organized deer farms in the Soviet Union 7 Hunting by humans have been noted as the cause for decreases in population The approximate number of Caspian red deer in eastern Georgia dropped from 2 500 in 1985 to 880 in 1994 8 Their primary predators include Persian leopards and to a lesser extent wolves and brown bears 5 In the past they were also hunted by the now extinct Caspian tiger References edit Shokri Shirko Jafari Abbas Rabei Korous Hadipour Ehsan Alinejad Hossein Zeppenfeld Thorsten Soufi Mobin Qashqaei Ali Ahmadpour Mohsen Zehzad Bahram Kiabi Bahram H Pavey Chris R Balkenhol Niko Waltert Matthias Soofi Mahmood 2021 Conserving populations at the edge of their geographic range the endangered Caspian red deer Cervus elaphus maral across protected areas of Iran Biodiversity and Conservation 30 1 Springer Link 85 105 Bibcode 2021BiCon 30 85S doi 10 1007 s10531 020 02077 4 S2CID 254283122 Retrieved 2 October 2022 Henry Charles Howard Suffolk and Berkshire Earl of Hedley Peek Frederick George Aflalo 1911 The Encyclopaedia of sport amp games J B Lippincott company p 76 a b Encyclopedia of Meat Sciences 3 volume set Elsevier Science 22 July 2014 p 194 ISBN 978 0 12 384734 8 a b Henry Charles Howard Suffolk and Berkshire Earl of Hedley Peek Frederick George Aflalo 1911 The Encyclopaedia of sport amp games W Heinemann p 262 a b c Eskandar Firouz 14 October 2005 The Complete Fauna of Iran I B Tauris p 83 ISBN 978 1 85043 946 2 Jorg Gertel Richard B Le Heron 2011 Economic Spaces of Pastoral Production and Commodity Systems Markets and Livelihoods Ashgate Publishing Ltd p 232 ISBN 978 1 4094 2531 1 Alison Davidson 1 August 2000 Velvet Antler Nature s Superior Tonic SAFE GOODS New Century Publishing 2000 p 13 ISBN 978 0 9701110 0 5 Tim Burford 2011 Georgia Bradt Travel Guides p 10 ISBN 978 1 84162 357 3 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cervus elaphus maral Cervus elaphus maral at GBIF nbsp This article about an even toed ungulate is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Caspian red deer amp oldid 1194969891, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
