An antagonist of a prostaglandin E2 receptor has been shown to serve as an affective contraceptive for female macaques while unaffecting their menstrual cyclicity as well as hormonal patterns. The exact reason behind the reduced amount of successful pregnancies of primates during the study is unclear due a number of possibilities that may affect such result.[1] Inhibition of the prostaglandin E2 EP4 receptor has been shown to inhibit tumor growth, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis. [2][3]
Prostaglandin E2 and its effect on inflammationedit
Prostaglandins are derived from the parent molecule arachidonic acid. The synthesis of prostaglandins can be blocked by anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen. Anti-inflammatory drugs block the synthesis of cyclooxygenases which in turn produce prostaglandins.[4] Prostaglandins (PG) are the result of an enzyme cascade pathway that includes two enzymes cyclooxygenase and PG synthase. Prostaglandin E2 is produced by PGE synthase via the activation of EP1-4 receptors. Prostaglandin E2s (PGEs) are associated with the development of vascular diseases that lead to inflammation in the body. In the human body, PGEs are involved in the control of the vascular smooth muscle, cell migration and the division of a cell into two daughter cells.[5] The process of producing two daughter cells via cell division is called cell proliferation.
^Majumder, Mousumi; Xin, Xiping; Liu, Ling; Girish, Gannareddy V.; Lala, Peeyush K. (September 2014). "Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 as the common target on cancer cells and macrophages to abolish angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, metastasis, and stem-like cell functions". Cancer Science. 105 (9): 1142–1151. doi:10.1111/cas.12475. PMC4462388. PMID 24981602.
^Han, ShouWei; Roman, Jesse (February 2004). "Suppression of prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP2 by PPARγ ligands inhibits human lung carcinoma cell growth". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 314 (4): 1093–1099. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.007. PMID 14751245.
^Ricciotti, Emanuela; Fitzgerald, Garret A. (May 2011). "Prostaglandins and Inflammation". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 31 (5): 986–1000. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.207449. PMC3081099. PMID 21508345.
^Gomez, I.; Foudi, N.; Longrois, D.; Norel, X. (22 November 2012). "The role of prostaglandin E2 in human vascular inflammation". Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 89 (2–3): 55–63. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2013.04.004. PMID 23756023.
External linksedit
Prostaglandin+E2+Receptors at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
This biochemistry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
prostaglandin, receptor, prostaglandin, pge2, receptors, protein, coupled, receptors, that, bind, activated, prostaglandin, they, members, prostaglandin, receptors, class, receptors, include, following, protein, isoforms, prostaglandin, receptor, ptger1, prost. The prostaglandin E2 PGE2 receptors are G protein coupled receptors that bind and are activated by prostaglandin E2 They are members of the prostaglandin receptors class of receptors and include the following Protein isoforms Prostaglandin E2 receptor 1 EP1 PTGER1 Prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 EP2 PTGER2 Prostaglandin E2 receptor 3 EP3 PTGER3 Prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 EP4 PTGER4 Contents 1 Studies 2 Prostaglandin E2 and its effect on inflammation 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksStudies editAn antagonist of a prostaglandin E2 receptor has been shown to serve as an affective contraceptive for female macaques while unaffecting their menstrual cyclicity as well as hormonal patterns The exact reason behind the reduced amount of successful pregnancies of primates during the study is unclear due a number of possibilities that may affect such result 1 Inhibition of the prostaglandin E2 EP4 receptor has been shown to inhibit tumor growth angiogenesis lymphangiogenesis and metastasis 2 3 Prostaglandin E2 and its effect on inflammation editProstaglandins are derived from the parent molecule arachidonic acid The synthesis of prostaglandins can be blocked by anti inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen Anti inflammatory drugs block the synthesis of cyclooxygenases which in turn produce prostaglandins 4 Prostaglandins PG are the result of an enzyme cascade pathway that includes two enzymes cyclooxygenase and PG synthase Prostaglandin E2 is produced by PGE synthase via the activation of EP1 4 receptors Prostaglandin E2s PGEs are associated with the development of vascular diseases that lead to inflammation in the body In the human body PGEs are involved in the control of the vascular smooth muscle cell migration and the division of a cell into two daughter cells 5 The process of producing two daughter cells via cell division is called cell proliferation See also editProstaglandin receptors Prostanoid receptors ProstaglandinReferences edit Peluffo M C Stanley J Braeuer N Rotgeri A Fritzemeier K H Fuhrmann U Buchmann B Adevai T Murphy M J Zelinski M B Lindenthal B Hennebold J D Stouffer R L July 2014 A prostaglandin E2 receptor antagonist prevents pregnancies during a preclinical contraceptive trial with female macaques Human Reproduction 29 7 1400 1412 doi 10 1093 humrep deu083 PMC 4059334 PMID 24781425 Majumder Mousumi Xin Xiping Liu Ling Girish Gannareddy V Lala Peeyush K September 2014 Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 as the common target on cancer cells and macrophages to abolish angiogenesis lymphangiogenesis metastasis and stem like cell functions Cancer Science 105 9 1142 1151 doi 10 1111 cas 12475 PMC 4462388 PMID 24981602 Han ShouWei Roman Jesse February 2004 Suppression of prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP2 by PPARg ligands inhibits human lung carcinoma cell growth Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 314 4 1093 1099 doi 10 1016 j bbrc 2004 01 007 PMID 14751245 Ricciotti Emanuela Fitzgerald Garret A May 2011 Prostaglandins and Inflammation Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 31 5 986 1000 doi 10 1161 ATVBAHA 110 207449 PMC 3081099 PMID 21508345 Gomez I Foudi N Longrois D Norel X 22 November 2012 The role of prostaglandin E2 in human vascular inflammation Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 89 2 3 55 63 doi 10 1016 j plefa 2013 04 004 PMID 23756023 External links editProstaglandin E2 Receptors at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH nbsp This biochemistry article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Prostaglandin E2 receptor amp oldid 1190287433, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
