Džemal Bijedić
Džemal Bijedić (Cyrillic: Џемал Биједић, Bosnian pronunciation: [bijěːdit͡ɕ]; 12 April 1917 – 18 January 1977) was a Bosnian and Yugoslav politician who served as Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from July 1971 until his death in a plane crash in January 1977. He additionally served as Secretary of the Interior from July to December 1971. Bijedić was also President of the People's Assembly of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1967 to 1971.
Džemal Bijedić | |||||||||||||||
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Bijedić in 1976 | |||||||||||||||
| 23rd Prime Minister of Yugoslavia President of the Federal Executive Council | |||||||||||||||
| In office 30 July 1971 – 18 January 1977 | |||||||||||||||
| President | Josip Broz Tito | ||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Mitja Ribičič | ||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Veselin Đuranović | ||||||||||||||
| 3rd President of the People's Assembly of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina | |||||||||||||||
| In office 1967 – 30 July 1971 | |||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Ratomir Dugonjić | ||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Hamdija Pozderac | ||||||||||||||
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| Personal details | |||||||||||||||
| Born | 12 April 1917 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary | ||||||||||||||
| Died | 18 January 1977 (aged 59) near Kreševo, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia | ||||||||||||||
| Political party | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | ||||||||||||||
Early life and education edit
Bijedić was born on 12 April 1917 in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina (then part of Austria-Hungary) to Adem and Zarifa from the prominent Bosniak merchant family of Bajramaga Bijedić, who had moved from Gacko to Mostar in 1915.[1] Džemal was barely one year old when his father Adem died of the Spanish flu in 1919; his mother Zafira and uncle Bećir took care of the family in the 1920s.[2]
Bijedić finished his elementary and secondary education in Mostar, and graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1939. He became a member of SKOJ in October 1939 and a member of the Mostar branch of the League of Communists just two months later. Due to his political sympathies, he was three times detained when in Mostar.[3]
Early career edit
In a documentary produced by Face TV, Mišo Marić claims that Bijedić joined the anti-communist Croatian Home Guard in April 1941, following the directives of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, as a lieutenant with the alias of Ante Jukić.[4] Another documentary about Bijedić produced by Federalna televizija shows (at 15:34) a photo of Bijedić dressed in a military uniform with Croatian Home Guard collar insignia. The same photo was shown at the beginning of the first documentary (01:27), but the insignia was painted over with Partisans' red star in colour. It is also mentioned that Bijedić joined the Yugoslav Partisans in February 1943.[5]
Political career edit
After the liberation of Yugoslavia, Bijedić held many political roles, including as deputy Minister of Internal Affairs in the government of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[3] He played a key role in the affirmation of the Muslims as a Yugoslav constitutive nation.[6]
Significant progress in the economy of Herzegovina was made under Bijedić's leadership, with the establishment of heavy industry such as the Aluminijum Kombinat, and the modernization of the Sarajevo–Ploče railway.[3]
Bijedić served as President of the People's Assembly of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1967 to July 1971[7][8] and as President of the Federal Executive Council of SFR Yugoslavia from 30 July 1971 to his death on 18 January 1977.[9]
Death edit
On 18 January 1977, Bijedić, his wife Razija, and six others were killed when their Learjet 25 crashed on the Inač mountain near Kreševo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The plane took off from Batajnica Air Base in Belgrade and was en route to Sarajevo when it crashed, ostensibly due to poor weather conditions. Conspiracy theorists have suggested that the crash was not an accident but rather the result of foul play at the hands of his rivals,[10] as he was considered as a potential successor to an old and ailing Tito.[3] Bijedić and his wife were survived by their two sons and one daughter.
Legacy edit
The university in Mostar was renamed to Džemal Bijedić University in his honour. His birthplace was also turned into a museum. An exhibition about Bijedić was held in Mostar in 2016.[11]
References edit
Citations
- ^ Bartolovic, Dragan (1985). Džemal Bijedić i njegovo vrijeme. Univerzitet "Džemal Bijedić". pp. 28–29.
- ^ Telegraf.rs
- ^ a b c d Sarajevo Times
- ^ von MureNL. "Miso Maric - Namigivanje zvijezdama - Dzemal Dzema Bijedic", bs:Face TV, DailyMotion, Published 14 March 2013.
- ^ PRIZNAJEM JUGOSLAVEN SAM. "Džemal Bijedic - Dokumentarac / Dokumentarni Film", Federalna televizija, YouTube, Published 17 January 2016.
- ^ Velikonja, Mitja (1992). Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Texas A&M University Press. p. 223. ISBN 1-58544-226-7.
- ^ Da Graça, John (2017). Heads of State and Government. Springer. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-34965-771-1.
- ^ Flere, Sergej; Klanjšek, Rudi (2019). The Rise and Fall of Socialist Yugoslavia: Elite Nationalism and the Collapse of a Federation. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 231. ISBN 978-1-49854-197-8.
- ^ "The Death of Džemal Bijedić". Review of International Affairs (642–665). Federation of Yugoslav Journalists: 1. 1977.
- ^ The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (8 January 2007). "Famous Air Crash Victims - Part 4: Politicians".
- ^ ""Man of our history": Mostar recalled Dzemal Bijedic – Sarajevo Times". 19 January 2016.
Bibliography
- Isaković, Alija (1994). Antologija zla (in Bosnian). Ljiljan.
External links edit
- Toasts of the President Geral Ford and Prime Minister Dzemal Bijedic of Yugoslavia, 19 March 1975