Dutch colonisation of the Guianas—the coastal region between the Orinoco and Amazon rivers in South America—began in the late 16th century. The Dutch originally claimed all of Guiana (also called De wilde kust, the "Wild Coast") but—following attempts to sell it first to Bavaria and then to Hanau and the loss of sections to Portugal, Britain, and France—the section actually settled and controlled by the Netherlands became known as Dutch Guiana (Dutch: Nederlands-Guiana).
Dutch colonies of the Guianas
Flag
Dutch controlled Guiana at its greatest extent in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled land shown in light green.
In 1598, a fleet of three Dutch ships visiting the Wild Coast mention passing the river "Surinamo" a year after the English had done the same.[1] The next year saw the first cartographic reference to the region: a 1599 map drawing on the account of this voyage, drawn by FlemishgeographerJodocus Hondius. Beginning in 1581, the colonies were settled by Dutch colonists, most of whom came from the province of Zeeland. Trading posts were established near various rivers, including the Pomeroon, Essequibo, Berbice, and Suriname rivers. Many small commercial establishments, mostly bartering posts, were founded by French, Dutch, and English colonists. Due to the effects of disease and attacks from natives, these colonies rarely lasted long.
Dutch Guiana was not a political entity, but, rather, a geographical indication. The colonies that formed along Dutch Guiana were, initially, controlled by several entities. Essequibo and Demerara were controlled by the Dutch West India Company, while Berbice and Suriname were controlled by the Society of Berbice and the Society of Suriname, respectively. Pernambuco and settlements farther west, including Portuguese Guiana, now the Brazilian state of Amapá, was under Dutch control from 1630 to 1654. Cayenne (French Guiana) was also briefly controlled by the Dutch between 1660 and 1664, and again between 1676 and 1677.
Dissolution
"A map of the Dutch settlements of Surinam, Demerary, Issequibo, Berbices, and the islands of Curassoa, Aruba, Bonaire, &c." (1781)
Under the Batavian Republic, much of Dutch Guiana was once again occupied by the British. After the Napoleonic Wars in 1814, Britain gained control of the three colonies (Demerara, Berbice, and Essequibo) west of the Courantyne River. These three colonies became British Guiana. After 1815, there were five Guianas, referred to by their dominant languages: Spanish Guayana (Venezuela), British Guiana, Dutch Guiana, French Guiana, and Portuguese Guiana (Brazil).[2]
Dutch Guiana covered the majority of the Guiana Shield, with its borders ranging from the Orinoco Delta in the northwest, the eastern banks of the Caroní River in the southwest, to the Marajó island of the Amazon River delta in the southeast.
Dutch Guiana or Suriname
Although the colony of Surinam has always been officially known as such or as Suriname, in both Dutch[3] and English,[4] the colony was often unofficially and semi-officially referred to as Dutch Guiana (Dutch: Nederlands Guiana) in the 19th and 20th century, in an analogy to British Guiana and French Guiana. Historically, Suriname was only one of many Dutch colonies in the Guianas, others being Berbice, Essequibo, Demerara, and Pomeroon, which after being taken over by the United Kingdom in 1814, were united into British Guiana in 1831. The Dutch also controlled northern Brazil from 1630 to 1654, including the area that, when governed by Lisbon, was called Portuguese Guiana. Thus, before 1814, the term Dutch Guiana did not describe only Suriname, but rather all colonies under Dutch sovereignty in the region taken together: a set of polities, with distinct governments, whose external borders changed much over time.[5]
Citations
^Oudschans Dentz, F. (1919–1920). "De Naam Suriname". De West-Indische Gids. 1ste Jaarg (Tweede Deel): 13–17. doi:10.1163/22134360-90001870. JSTOR 41847495.
^Jacobs, Frank (2012-01-16). "The Loneliness of the Guyanas". Opinionator. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
^See for example this royal decree separating Suriname from Curaçao and Dependencies (1845).
Hartsinck, J.J. (1770), Beschryving van Guiana, of de wilde kust in Zuid-America, Amsterdam: Gerrit Tielenburg
External links
Dutch West Indies 1630-1975
"New Map of the Wonderful, Large and Rich Land of Guiana..." from 1598
January 28, 2023
dutch, colonisation, guianas, coastal, region, between, orinoco, amazon, rivers, south, america, began, late, 16th, century, dutch, originally, claimed, guiana, also, called, wilde, kust, wild, coast, following, attempts, sell, first, bavaria, then, hanau, los. Dutch colonisation of the Guianas the coastal region between the Orinoco and Amazon rivers in South America began in the late 16th century The Dutch originally claimed all of Guiana also called De wilde kust the Wild Coast but following attempts to sell it first to Bavaria and then to Hanau and the loss of sections to Portugal Britain and France the section actually settled and controlled by the Netherlands became known as Dutch Guiana Dutch Nederlands Guiana Dutch colonies of the GuianasFlagDutch controlled Guiana at its greatest extent in dark green claimed but uncontrolled land shown in light green Common languagesDutchThe colonies of Essequibo and Demerara were controlled by the Dutch West India Company while Berbice and Surinam were controlled by the Society of Berbice and the Society of Suriname respectively Cayenne also came under brief periods of Dutch control After the Napoleonic Wars in 1814 Britain gained control of the three colonies Demerara Berbice and Essequibo west of the Courantyne River which became British Guiana and then modern Guyana The remaining colony Suriname also called Dutch Guiana remained under Dutch control until its independence in 1975 Contents 1 History 1 1 Origin 1 2 Establishment 1 3 Dissolution 2 Geography 3 Dutch Guiana or Suriname 4 Citations 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditOrigin Edit A map of Dutch Guiana by Hendrik Hondius I 1638 In 1598 a fleet of three Dutch ships visiting the Wild Coast mention passing the river Surinamo a year after the English had done the same 1 The next year saw the first cartographic reference to the region a 1599 map drawing on the account of this voyage drawn by Flemish geographer Jodocus Hondius Beginning in 1581 the colonies were settled by Dutch colonists most of whom came from the province of Zeeland Trading posts were established near various rivers including the Pomeroon Essequibo Berbice and Suriname rivers Many small commercial establishments mostly bartering posts were founded by French Dutch and English colonists Due to the effects of disease and attacks from natives these colonies rarely lasted long Establishment Edit The Dutch West India Company was created in 1621 and given unsupervised control of the colonies in South America The colony was administered by Abraham van Peere a Dutch explorer who had founded the settlement of Berbice After the Third Anglo Dutch War England ceded the colony of Suriname in exchange for New Amsterdam Dutch Guiana was not a political entity but rather a geographical indication The colonies that formed along Dutch Guiana were initially controlled by several entities Essequibo and Demerara were controlled by the Dutch West India Company while Berbice and Suriname were controlled by the Society of Berbice and the Society of Suriname respectively Pernambuco and settlements farther west including Portuguese Guiana now the Brazilian state of Amapa was under Dutch control from 1630 to 1654 Cayenne French Guiana was also briefly controlled by the Dutch between 1660 and 1664 and again between 1676 and 1677 Dissolution Edit A map of the Dutch settlements of Surinam Demerary Issequibo Berbices and the islands of Curassoa Aruba Bonaire amp c 1781 Under the Batavian Republic much of Dutch Guiana was once again occupied by the British After the Napoleonic Wars in 1814 Britain gained control of the three colonies Demerara Berbice and Essequibo west of the Courantyne River These three colonies became British Guiana After 1815 there were five Guianas referred to by their dominant languages Spanish Guayana Venezuela British Guiana Dutch Guiana French Guiana and Portuguese Guiana Brazil 2 The colony that remained was part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1975 when it became independent as the Republic of Suriname Geography EditDutch Guiana covered the majority of the Guiana Shield with its borders ranging from the Orinoco Delta in the northwest the eastern banks of the Caroni River in the southwest to the Marajo island of the Amazon River delta in the southeast Dutch Guiana or Suriname EditAlthough the colony of Surinam has always been officially known as such or as Suriname in both Dutch 3 and English 4 the colony was often unofficially and semi officially referred to as Dutch Guiana Dutch Nederlands Guiana in the 19th and 20th century in an analogy to British Guiana and French Guiana Historically Suriname was only one of many Dutch colonies in the Guianas others being Berbice Essequibo Demerara and Pomeroon which after being taken over by the United Kingdom in 1814 were united into British Guiana in 1831 The Dutch also controlled northern Brazil from 1630 to 1654 including the area that when governed by Lisbon was called Portuguese Guiana Thus before 1814 the term Dutch Guiana did not describe only Suriname but rather all colonies under Dutch sovereignty in the region taken together a set of polities with distinct governments whose external borders changed much over time 5 Citations Edit Oudschans Dentz F 1919 1920 De Naam Suriname De West Indische Gids 1ste Jaarg Tweede Deel 13 17 doi 10 1163 22134360 90001870 JSTOR 41847495 Jacobs Frank 2012 01 16 The Loneliness of the Guyanas Opinionator Retrieved 2021 02 01 See for example this royal decree separating Suriname from Curacao and Dependencies 1845 In treaties between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom the colony is consistently referred to as the Colony of Surinam e g Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands relative to the Emigration of Labourers from India to the Dutch Colony of Surinam the Accession of the Dutch colonies of Curacao and Surinam to the International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property This is e g how Jan Jacob Hartsinck uses the term in his Beschryving van Guiana of de wilde kust in Zuid America Hartsinck 1770 pp 257 See also Edit South America portal Suriname portal Netherlands portalDutch colonization of the AmericasReferences EditHartsinck J J 1770 Beschryving van Guiana of de wilde kust in Zuid America Amsterdam Gerrit TielenburgExternal links EditDutch West Indies 1630 1975 New Map of the Wonderful Large and Rich Land of Guiana from 1598 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dutch colonisation of the Guianas amp oldid 1067753753, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
