Durham (Province of Canada electoral district)

For other uses, see Durham (disambiguation) § Electoral districts.

Durham was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada West, on the north shore of Lake Ontario. It was created in 1841, upon the establishment of the Province of Canada by the union of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Durham was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Ontario.

Durham
Canada West

Province of Canada electoral district
Defunct pre-Confederation electoral district
Legislature	Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
District created	1841
District abolished	1867
First contested	1841
Last contested	1863

Boundaries

Durham electoral district was based on Durham County, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, in Canada West (now the province of Ontario), east of what is now Toronto. Oshawa and Port Hope were two of the main towns.

The Union Act, 1840 had merged the two provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament. The separate parliaments of Lower Canada and Upper Canada were abolished.^[1] The Union Act provided that the pre-existing electoral boundaries of Upper Canada would continue to be used in the new Parliament, unless altered by the Union Act itself.^[2]

Durham County had been an electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada,^[3] and its boundaries were not altered by the Act. Those boundaries had been initially been set by the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe, in 1792:

That the thirteenth of the said counties be hereafter called by the name of the county of Durham ; which county is to be bounded on the east by the westernmost line of the county of Northumberland, on the south by lake Ontario until it meets the westernmost point of Long Beach, thence by a line running north sixteen degrees west until it intersects the southern boundary of a tract of land belonging to the Mississague Indians, thence along the said tract parallel to lake Ontario until it meets the northwesternmost boundary of the county of Northumberland.^[4]

The boundaries were further defined by a statute of Upper Canada in 1798, and modified by an additional statute in 1834:

That the townships of Hope, Clarke and Darlington, with all the tract of land hereafter to be laid out into townships, which lies to the southward of the small lakes above the Rice Lake, and the communication between them and between the eastern boundary of the township of Hope, and the western boundary of the township of Darlington, produced north, sixteen degrees west, until they intersect either of the said lakes, or the communication between them, shall constitute and form the County of Durham.^[5]

In 1834, the townships of Verulam, Fenelon and Eldon were added to Durham County.^[6]

Since Durham was not changed by the Union Act, those boundaries continued to be used for the new electoral district.

Members of the Legislative Assembly

Durham was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly.^[2] The following were the members for Durham.

Parliament	Years	Member^[7]		Party^[8]
1st Parliament 1841–1844	1841–1844	John Tucker Williams		Unionist; Reformer, then Independent

Abolition

The district was abolished on July 1, 1867, when the British North America Act, 1867 came into force, creating Canada and splitting the Province of Canada into Quebec and Ontario.^[9] It was split into two electoral districts at both the federal level and the provincial level: Durham East and Durham West in the House of Commons of Canada,^[10] Durham East and Durham West in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.^[11]

References

1. Union Act, 1840, 3 & 4 Vict., c. 35, s. 2.
2. Union Act, 1840, s. 16.
3. Journal of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada, from the eighth day of November, 1836, to the fourth day of March, 1837, p. 15 (November 8, 1836).
4. Proclamation, Lieutenant Governor Simcoe, July 16, 1792; reprinted Statutes of the Province of Upper Canada; Together with Such British Statutes, Ordinances of Quebec, and Proclamations, as Relate to the Said Province (Kingston: F. M. Hill., 1831) p. 24.
5. An act for the Better Division of this Province, SUC 1798, c. 5, s. 20. Reprinted in The Statutes of Upper Canada to the Time of Union, Revised and Published by Authority, Vol. I - Public Acts (Toronto: Robert Stanton, Queen's Printer, 1843).
6. An Act to attach certain Townships in the District of Newcastle to the Counties of Northumberland and Durham, respectively, SUC 1834, c. 15.
7. J.O. Côté, Political Appointments and Elections in the Province of Canada, 1841 to 1860, (Quebec: St. Michel and Darveau, 1860), pp. 43-58.
8. For party affiliations, see Paul G. Cornell, Alignment of Political Groups in Canada, 1841-67 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962; reprinted in paperback 2015), pp. 93-111.
9. British North America Act, 1867 (now the Constitution Act, 1867), s. 6.
10. Constitution Act, 1867, s. 40, para. 2
11. Constitution Act, 1867, s. 70.

  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Proclamation, Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe, July 16, 1792
  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: An act for the Better Division of this Province, SUC 1798, c. 5.