A dreadnaught wheel is a wheel with articulated rails attached at the rim to provide a firm footing for the wheel to roll over. These wheels have also been known as "endless railway wheels" when fitted to road locomotives,[1][2] and were commonly fitted to steam traction engines.[3] They are very similar to pedrail wheels, differing primarily in that their rails are not connected to the wheel directly, but articulated to each other.
Bottrill's "Big Lizzie" with dreadnaught wheelsIllustration from Bottrill's 1912 patent filing in the United Kingdom
Prior to wide adoption of continuous track on vehicles, traction engines were cumbersome and not suited to crossing soft ground or the rough roads and farm tracks of the time. The "endless rails" were flat boards or steel plates loosely attached around the outer circumference of the wheels, which spread the weight of the vehicle over a larger surface and hence made it less likely to get bogged by sinking into soft ground or skidding on slippery tracks.[3]
An early version was patented by James Boydell in August 1846 and February 1854. Boydell worked with the British steam traction engine manufacturer Charles Burrell & Sons to produce road haulage engines from 1856 that used his continuous track design.[4] Burrell later patented refinements of Boydell's design.[5]
A number of horse-drawn wagons, carts and gun carriages using Boydell's design saw service with the British Army in the Crimean War (October 1853 and February 1856).[1][6] The Royal Arsenal at Woolwich manufactured the wheels, and a letter of commendation was signed by Sir William Codrington, the General commanding the troops at Sebastapol.[7][8]
An Australian blacksmith and engineer, Frank Bottrill (1871–1953),[9] after a failed endeavour using wheeled traction engines in outbackAustralia, and becoming aware of the Boydell wheel, decided to improve the design.[1][6] In 1907 he patented an "improved road wheel for travelling, useful for traction engines". Bottrill's design used two rows of overlapping rails fastened to the rim with cables to smooth the transition from rail to rail.
Eventually Bottrill, in association with A. H. MacDonald & Co. of Richmond, Melbourne, began producing steam and oil-based tractors fitted with his wheels.[10] The most famous was known as "Big Lizzie," built in 1915,[9] with a wheel diameter of 7 feet 2 inches (2.18 m).[6] At 34 ft (10.4 m) long and 45 long tons (46 metrictonnes), with two dreadnought wheeled trailers it was capable of carrying a total of 80 long tons (81 metrictonnes) and effectively making its own roads.[1][11]
Some references[12] also use the term pedrail. The issue is further confused by Bottrill referring to his design as "ped-rail shoes".[13] The two concepts are similar in that they attempt to improve cross-country performance by spreading out the load on a flat surface. The difference is primarily in how the pads are connected; the dreadnaught wheel connects the pads to each other and ride along the wheel, whereas in the pedal arrangement, introduced in 1903, each pad is connected to a pivot on the wheel itself, and there are no inter-pad connections. Some pedrail systems also include internal suspensions to improve their performance over rough ground. Bottrill's design spans the definition, as its cable attachments are similar to the pedrail connections, albeit much more simple.
Referencesedit
^ abcdQuick, Graeme R. (2007). Remarkable Australian Farm Machines: Ingenuity on the Land (1 ed.). Everbest Printing. pp. 5–8. ISBN9781877058585.
^William Fletcher (1891). "Charles Burrell and Sons: Road Locomotive". Extract from Steam Locomotion on Common Roads by William Fletcher. Published 1891.
^ abClarke, John Algernon (1859). Account of the Application of Steam Power to the Cultivation of the Land. Vol. 20. Royal Agricultural Society. pp. 202–203. Retrieved 2011-01-24. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^Burrell Showmans Road Locomotives, Lane (1971), p. 23
^"Burrell's Traction Engine and Carriages". The Engineer, Volume 8, July 8, 1859. Morgan-Grampian. 1859. p. 26. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
^ abc"CHANGES AROUND THE TRACK I (OFF-ROAD LOCOMOTION)". Retrieved 10 February 2013.
^Lane, Michael R. (1994). The story of the St. Nicholas Works: A History of Charles Burrell and Sons. London: Unicorn Press. ISBN978-0906290071.
^Quick, Graeme R. (2006). Australian Tractors: Indigenous Tractors and Self-Propelled Machines in Rural Australia. Rosenberg Publishing. p. 82. ISBN9781877058394.
^. Archived from the original on 24 November 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2013.
^Leo Weiser Port; Brian Carroll (1978). Australian inventors. Cassell Australia. p. 205. ISBN9780726967986. Retrieved 10 February 2013. He called it the Pedrail or Dreadnought wheel.
^"Improvements relating to Ped-rail Shoes for Heavy Road Vehicles". Retrieved 11 February 2013.
dreadnaught, wheel, dreadnaught, wheel, wheel, with, articulated, rails, attached, provide, firm, footing, wheel, roll, over, these, wheels, have, also, been, known, endless, railway, wheels, when, fitted, road, locomotives, were, commonly, fitted, steam, trac. A dreadnaught wheel is a wheel with articulated rails attached at the rim to provide a firm footing for the wheel to roll over These wheels have also been known as endless railway wheels when fitted to road locomotives 1 2 and were commonly fitted to steam traction engines 3 They are very similar to pedrail wheels differing primarily in that their rails are not connected to the wheel directly but articulated to each other Bottrill s Big Lizzie with dreadnaught wheels Illustration from Bottrill s 1912 patent filing in the United Kingdom Prior to wide adoption of continuous track on vehicles traction engines were cumbersome and not suited to crossing soft ground or the rough roads and farm tracks of the time The endless rails were flat boards or steel plates loosely attached around the outer circumference of the wheels which spread the weight of the vehicle over a larger surface and hence made it less likely to get bogged by sinking into soft ground or skidding on slippery tracks 3 An early version was patented by James Boydell in August 1846 and February 1854 Boydell worked with the British steam traction engine manufacturer Charles Burrell amp Sons to produce road haulage engines from 1856 that used his continuous track design 4 Burrell later patented refinements of Boydell s design 5 A number of horse drawn wagons carts and gun carriages using Boydell s design saw service with the British Army in the Crimean War October 1853 and February 1856 1 6 The Royal Arsenal at Woolwich manufactured the wheels and a letter of commendation was signed by Sir William Codrington the General commanding the troops at Sebastapol 7 8 An Australian blacksmith and engineer Frank Bottrill 1871 1953 9 after a failed endeavour using wheeled traction engines in outback Australia and becoming aware of the Boydell wheel decided to improve the design 1 6 In 1907 he patented an improved road wheel for travelling useful for traction engines Bottrill s design used two rows of overlapping rails fastened to the rim with cables to smooth the transition from rail to rail Eventually Bottrill in association with A H MacDonald amp Co of Richmond Melbourne began producing steam and oil based tractors fitted with his wheels 10 The most famous was known as Big Lizzie built in 1915 9 with a wheel diameter of 7 feet 2 inches 2 18 m 6 At 34 ft 10 4 m long and 45 long tons 46 metrictonnes with two dreadnought wheeled trailers it was capable of carrying a total of 80 long tons 81 metrictonnes and effectively making its own roads 1 11 Some references 12 also use the term pedrail The issue is further confused by Bottrill referring to his design as ped rail shoes 13 The two concepts are similar in that they attempt to improve cross country performance by spreading out the load on a flat surface The difference is primarily in how the pads are connected the dreadnaught wheel connects the pads to each other and ride along the wheel whereas in the pedal arrangement introduced in 1903 each pad is connected to a pivot on the wheel itself and there are no inter pad connections Some pedrail systems also include internal suspensions to improve their performance over rough ground Bottrill s design spans the definition as its cable attachments are similar to the pedrail connections albeit much more simple References edit a b c d Quick Graeme R 2007 Remarkable Australian Farm Machines Ingenuity on the Land 1 ed Everbest Printing pp 5 8 ISBN 9781877058585 William Fletcher 1891 Charles Burrell and Sons Road Locomotive Extract from Steam Locomotion on Common Roads by William Fletcher Published 1891 a b Clarke John Algernon 1859 Account of the Application of Steam Power to the Cultivation of the Land Vol 20 Royal Agricultural Society pp 202 203 Retrieved 2011 01 24 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Burrell Showmans Road Locomotives Lane 1971 p 23 Burrell s Traction Engine and Carriages The Engineer Volume 8 July 8 1859 Morgan Grampian 1859 p 26 Retrieved 11 February 2013 a b c CHANGES AROUND THE TRACK I OFF ROAD LOCOMOTION Retrieved 10 February 2013 Lane Michael R 1994 The story of the St Nicholas Works A History of Charles Burrell and Sons London Unicorn Press ISBN 978 0906290071 Boydell Artillery Wheel PDF Retrieved 2013 09 30 a b Kendall F J 1979 Bottrill Frank 1871 1953 Australian Dictionary of Biography Vol 7 MUP 1979 National Centre of Biography Australian National University ISSN 1833 7538 Retrieved 10 February 2013 Quick Graeme R 2006 Australian Tractors Indigenous Tractors and Self Propelled Machines in Rural Australia Rosenberg Publishing p 82 ISBN 9781877058394 Big Lizzie Archived from the original on 24 November 2012 Retrieved 10 February 2013 Leo Weiser Port Brian Carroll 1978 Australian inventors Cassell Australia p 205 ISBN 9780726967986 Retrieved 10 February 2013 He called it the Pedrail or Dreadnought wheel Improvements relating to Ped rail Shoes for Heavy Road Vehicles Retrieved 11 February 2013 External links editEarly use in Australia Transcript of interview regarding Big Lizzie Big Lizzie with photo next to a Landrover 4WD at the Wayback Machine archived September 23 2017 Boydell s Endless Railway Crimean gun carriage Big Lizzie hauling wheat One of Big Lizzie s trailers Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dreadnaught wheel amp oldid 1207088318, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
