Born Doris Howes in Canton, Ohio, to Earl Howes and Lillian Roberts, both private investigators, she went to high school in East Canton and graduated as valedictorian. Though she wanted to study medicine, her family could not afford it and she studied dietetics at Ohio State University, graduating in 1943 with a bachelor's degree. She attended the University of Chicago for her doctoral studies and earned her Ph.D. in nutrition in 1947.[1][2][3][4][5]
Career and researchEdit
After obtaining her bachelor's degree, Calloway interned at the Johns Hopkins University Hospital as a dietician in 1944. The following year, she was a research nutritionist at the University of Illinois at Chicago medical school. At UIC, she researched how protein intake and exercise influenced the time people took to recover from surgery. Patients who ate sooner after surgery and had physical activity recovered faster than those who did not. From 1948–1951, she was a consulting nutritionist at the Medical Associates of Chicago. She then moved to the QM Food and Container Institute, where she was a nutritionist from 1951–1958, head of the metabolism lab from 1958–1959, and chief of the nutrition branch from 1959–1961. While at QM, she worked with the US Army to research the potential of foods to protect against dangerous radiation. She discovered that broccoli can have a protective effect against cancer caused by radiation.[2][5] She also researched food irradiation and discovered that its effects on nutrient content were similar to heat processing. In 1961 she took a position at the Stanford Research Institute in the department of food science and nutrition, where she stayed until 1963. At Stanford, she created a freeze-dried orange juice product that eventually became Tang. She also worked on developing packaging for space food, gut microbiota, flatulence, and the potential of unicellular organisms as food.[2][3][4][5] During the course of this research, Calloway discovered that lactose intolerance could be diagnosed by a breath test.[2][3][4][5]
In 1963, Calloway took a position as a professor of nutrition at the University of California, Berkeley; she retired in 1991 and stayed a professor emerita until she was too affected by Parkinson's disease to work. Her research there focused on diets at different stages of life, particularly the role of nitrogen and the needs of pregnant, menstruating, and lactating people. She also researched malnutrition in Kenya, Egypt, and Mexico, and influenced the nutritional aid policies of organizations and governments worldwide. In particular, she showed that the US food assistance programs for people in poverty and Native American people were not providing adequate nutrition. Her most well-regarded work, the "Penthouse Study", investigated the metabolism of volunteers living in isolation for weeks at a time and used innovative, meticulous methods to measure their metabolism over 17 years of experiments. This research was used to set the Recommended Daily Intake values for nutrients and helped NASA determine dietary needs in space. Her research showed that previous nutritional requirements for protein were an overestimate and that excess protein was excreted.[1][2][3][4][5] Doris was a leader in her profession and advised many students of nutrition at UCB. She remains as a leader in nutrition.
Doris Calloway married her first husband, Nathaniel Calloway, in 1946. She had a son, David, while in graduate school and a daughter, Candace, shortly after earning her Ph.D. Nathaniel became a politician in Chicago and the couple divorced in 1956. She married nutritionist Robert Nesheim in 1981.[5]
Death and legacyEdit
Calloway died of Parkinson's disease in 2001, survived by her husband, Robert Nesheim, and their two children. She was remembered by her colleagues for her groundbreaking research, professionalism, and public service. The University of California, Berkeley created an endowed chair in her name in 1999.[2][3][4][5]
Honors and awardsEdit
Calloway held several positions in academic societies and with scientific journals and won "all of the most notable awards in nutrition":[2][3][5]
Calloway, Doris (1967). Human Ecology in Space Flight.
Calloway, Doris (1981). Nutrition and Health.
Editor, Nutrition and Physical Fitness (1966–1984)
ReferencesEdit
^ abcSaxon, Wolfgang (2001-09-09). "Doris Calloway Dies at 78; Helped Set Nutrition Standards". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
^ abcdefghAmerican Women of Science Since 1900: Essays A-H. Vol.1. ABC-CLIO. 2011-01-01. ISBN9781598841589.
^ abcdefg"09.05.2001 – Doris Calloway, pioneering nutritional scientist and UC Berkeley professor emerita, dies at 78". www.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
^ abcdef"University of California: In Memoriam, 2001". texts.cdlib.org. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
^ abcdefghiKing, Janet C. (2003-07-01). "Doris Howes Calloway (1923–2001)". The Journal of Nutrition. 133 (7): 2113–2116. doi:10.1093/jn/133.7.2113. ISSN 0022-3166. PMID 12840163.
Further readingEdit
King, Janet C. (2003). "Contributions of women to human nutrition". The Journal of Nutrition. 133 (11): 3693–7. doi:10.1093/jn/133.11.3693. PMID 14608097.
August 25, 2023
doris, calloway, née, howes, february, 1923, august, 2001, american, nutritionist, noted, studies, human, metabolism, role, public, health, food, preservation, safety, from, 1961, publication, united, states, armyborndoris, howes, 1923, february, 1923canton, o. Doris Calloway nee Howes February 14 1923 August 31 2001 was an American nutritionist noted for her studies of human metabolism role in public health and food preservation and safety 1 Doris CallowayDoris Calloway from a 1961 publication of the United States ArmyBornDoris Howes 1923 02 14 February 14 1923Canton OhioDiedAugust 31 2001 2001 08 31 aged 78 Seattle WashingtonNationalityAmericanAlma materUniversity of ChicagoOhio State UniversitySpousesNathaniel CallowayRobert O NesheimScientific careerFieldsNutritional scienceInstitutionsUniversity of California Berkeley Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career and research 3 Personal life 4 Death and legacy 5 Honors and awards 6 Publications 7 References 8 Further readingEarly life and education EditBorn Doris Howes in Canton Ohio to Earl Howes and Lillian Roberts both private investigators she went to high school in East Canton and graduated as valedictorian Though she wanted to study medicine her family could not afford it and she studied dietetics at Ohio State University graduating in 1943 with a bachelor s degree She attended the University of Chicago for her doctoral studies and earned her Ph D in nutrition in 1947 1 2 3 4 5 Career and research EditAfter obtaining her bachelor s degree Calloway interned at the Johns Hopkins University Hospital as a dietician in 1944 The following year she was a research nutritionist at the University of Illinois at Chicago medical school At UIC she researched how protein intake and exercise influenced the time people took to recover from surgery Patients who ate sooner after surgery and had physical activity recovered faster than those who did not From 1948 1951 she was a consulting nutritionist at the Medical Associates of Chicago She then moved to the QM Food and Container Institute where she was a nutritionist from 1951 1958 head of the metabolism lab from 1958 1959 and chief of the nutrition branch from 1959 1961 While at QM she worked with the US Army to research the potential of foods to protect against dangerous radiation She discovered that broccoli can have a protective effect against cancer caused by radiation 2 5 She also researched food irradiation and discovered that its effects on nutrient content were similar to heat processing In 1961 she took a position at the Stanford Research Institute in the department of food science and nutrition where she stayed until 1963 At Stanford she created a freeze dried orange juice product that eventually became Tang She also worked on developing packaging for space food gut microbiota flatulence and the potential of unicellular organisms as food 2 3 4 5 During the course of this research Calloway discovered that lactose intolerance could be diagnosed by a breath test 2 3 4 5 In 1963 Calloway took a position as a professor of nutrition at the University of California Berkeley she retired in 1991 and stayed a professor emerita until she was too affected by Parkinson s disease to work Her research there focused on diets at different stages of life particularly the role of nitrogen and the needs of pregnant menstruating and lactating people She also researched malnutrition in Kenya Egypt and Mexico and influenced the nutritional aid policies of organizations and governments worldwide In particular she showed that the US food assistance programs for people in poverty and Native American people were not providing adequate nutrition Her most well regarded work the Penthouse Study investigated the metabolism of volunteers living in isolation for weeks at a time and used innovative meticulous methods to measure their metabolism over 17 years of experiments This research was used to set the Recommended Daily Intake values for nutrients and helped NASA determine dietary needs in space Her research showed that previous nutritional requirements for protein were an overestimate and that excess protein was excreted 1 2 3 4 5 Doris was a leader in her profession and advised many students of nutrition at UCB She remains as a leader in nutrition She served a turn as a provost at the university from 1981 1987 the first woman to take that role at Berkeley and consulted for the United Nations in 1971 and 1981 Calloway also consulted for the National Institutes of Health with the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Arthritis Metabolic and Digestive Diseases the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center and the United States National Research Council While a provost at Berkeley she founded its program in Peace and Conflict Studies and worked to mentor and hire more women and people of color at the university hiring its first woman dean and its first African American dean 2 3 4 5 Personal life EditDoris Calloway married her first husband Nathaniel Calloway in 1946 She had a son David while in graduate school and a daughter Candace shortly after earning her Ph D Nathaniel became a politician in Chicago and the couple divorced in 1956 She married nutritionist Robert Nesheim in 1981 5 Death and legacy EditCalloway died of Parkinson s disease in 2001 survived by her husband Robert Nesheim and their two children She was remembered by her colleagues for her groundbreaking research professionalism and public service The University of California Berkeley created an endowed chair in her name in 1999 2 3 4 5 Honors and awards EditCalloway held several positions in academic societies and with scientific journals and won all of the most notable awards in nutrition 2 3 5 Man of the Year US Army 1959 Associate editor Nutrition Reviews 1962 1968 President American Institute of Nutrition 1982 1983 Honorary doctorate Tufts University 1992 Berkeley Citation University of California Berkeley 1992 Faculty Research Lecture UC Berkeley 1992 Bristol Myers Squibb Mead Johnson Award for Distinguished Achievement in Nutrition Conrad Elvehjem Award American Institute of Nutrition Fellow American Institute of Nutrition Fellow International Union of Nutritional Sciences Fellow National Academy of Medicine Member Human Biology CouncilPublications EditCalloway Doris 1967 Human Ecology in Space Flight Calloway Doris 1981 Nutrition and Health Editor Nutrition and Physical Fitness 1966 1984 References Edit a b c Saxon Wolfgang 2001 09 09 Doris Calloway Dies at 78 Helped Set Nutrition Standards The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2015 11 29 a b c d e f g h American Women of Science Since 1900 Essays A H Vol 1 ABC CLIO 2011 01 01 ISBN 9781598841589 a b c d e f g 09 05 2001 Doris Calloway pioneering nutritional scientist and UC Berkeley professor emerita dies at 78 www berkeley edu Retrieved 2015 11 28 a b c d e f University of California In Memoriam 2001 texts cdlib org Retrieved 2015 11 28 a b c d e f g h i King Janet C 2003 07 01 Doris Howes Calloway 1923 2001 The Journal of Nutrition 133 7 2113 2116 doi 10 1093 jn 133 7 2113 ISSN 0022 3166 PMID 12840163 Further reading EditKing Janet C 2003 Contributions of women to human nutrition The Journal of Nutrition 133 11 3693 7 doi 10 1093 jn 133 11 3693 PMID 14608097 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Doris Calloway amp oldid 1169531804, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
