Disability Day of Mourning

The Disability Day of Mourning is observed annually on 1 March^[1] to commemorate disabled people who have been murdered by their caregivers, especially their parents. First observed in 2012 and propagated by disability rights organizations such as Not Dead Yet and the Autistic Self Advocacy Network, the Disability Day of Mourning aims to bring attention to the issue of filicide of disabled children and adults, and the degree to which such murders are treated as different from or more socially acceptable than similar murders of abled people.

The Disability Day of Mourning has become a significant part of the disability rights movement, attracting attention from politicians and the media. In addition to its pioneering by disability rights groups, it has also gained attention and support amongst mainstream disability support-focused organizations.

History

The Disability Day of Mourning was created in 2012 by Zoe Gross, director of advocacy at the Autistic Self Advocacy Network.^[1] However, the broader concept of vigils held to memorialise murdered disabled people originated in the early 2000s, itself as an extension of lists of murder victims passed around advocacy communities for years prior.^[2][3] The primary inciting incident for the Disability Day of Mourning was the coverage of the murder of George Hodgins, a 22-year-old autistic man killed by his mother Elizabeth in a murder-suicide; mainstream news coverage focused on Elizabeth as a "devoted and loving" mother while treating George as a "high-maintenance" burden whose disability apparently justified his death.^[1]

The Disability Day of Mourning also exists in part as a reaction to disability-related days that focus on the abled perspective, such as Disability Awareness Day, a pedagogical phenomenon where abled students use disability simulators to try and mimic the experience of being disabled (e.g. blindfolds to learn about the experience of blind people). Such simulations are controversial amongst disability rights activists, due to their poor relationship with the lived experience of disabled people.^[4]

Observance

The Disability Day of Mourning is observed on 1 March by the holding of vigils in cities worldwide and by the cataloguing of disabled murder victims on disability rights websites.^[5] Many are held on college campuses, such as Syracuse University^[6] and the University of Maryland.^[7] Outside of the United States, vigils have been held in places such as Canada,^[8] Scotland,^[9] Australia, and China.^[1] In 2021, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, global vigils were held online.^[8]

The vigils feature the reading of names of murdered disabled people; due to the number of names, readings are usually restricted only to those murdered since the previous vigil.^[1] The Disability Memorial website collects a more complete list of names, stretching back to 1980.^[5] Many vigils also feature disabled survivors of abuse, such as institution survivors, talking about their experiences.^[10] Other common aspects include a moment of silence and the lighting of candles.^[9] A particular focus of the Disability Day of Mourning is the sentencing gap between murders of disabled and abled victims. Activism has focused on how murder charges have been reduced to manslaughter^[11] and perpetrators freed after prison sentences as short as three years.^[12] According to statistics from the Ruderman Family Foundation, one disabled person is murdered by a family member or caregiver each week; many of the murderers are acquitted or serve little to no prison time.^[13] Another major focus is the media coverage of such murders, which frequently quotes friends and relatives of the murderers, and even other caregivers of disabled people, as being sympathetic to the crime.^[1] The perceived media bias also extends to depicting disabled children and adults as more physically violent or threatening than the reality, such as when Max Benson, a 5 ft 3 in (1.60 m) 13-year-old autistic boy who was killed by the negligent behaviour of his teachers, was portrayed as an aggressive 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) man in early media coverage.^[14][15]

The primary organization involved in the Disability Day of Mourning is the Autistic Self Advocacy Network, and the day was originally organized by its members.^[1] However, people with many disabilities, not just autism, organize and attend Disability Day of Mourning events.^[10] Other organizations involved in popularising and hosting events include Not Dead Yet, the Center for Disability Rights, the National Council on Independent Living, and the Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund.^[16]

Impact

When Gross first originated the Disability Day of Mourning concept, she was surprised to receive pushback, with opponents describing the concept as "anti-parent" and as stigmatizing towards the parents of disabled children. Over time, however, perception of the Disability Day of Mourning has grown more positive. In 2016, the White House liaison to the disability community read a statement from then-President Barack Obama at the Washington D.C. event.^[1]

The Autistic Self Advocacy Network provides an "Anti-Filicide Toolkit", which aims to prevent murders of disabled children and adults and to provide ways to discuss such murders if they happen in a reader's community.^[17] The Disability Day of Mourning has popularised the term filicide, the Latin word for the murder of one's own child, to refer to disability-related murders by family members or caregivers.^[18][19]

The existence of the Disability Day of Mourning, and the murders that cause it to exist, have been discussed as a sign of the pervasive nature of ableism. For instance, the necessity of the day was discussed in the reception to Sia's controversial film Music, about an autistic girl, and the scenes of the character being physically restrained against her will – something that has resulted in the deaths of many disabled and autistic people.^[20]

Since the origin of the Disability Day of Mourning, media coverage of disabled people has become more positive, and self-advocacy in such coverage – with disabled writers discussing disabled experience from an inside view – has become more common. The Disability Day of Mourning has been accepted by mainstream disability groups, such as Arc and Easter Seals.^[1] Coverage of autism and disability by major news organizations has grown more aligned to disability rights perspectives; between 2007 and 2016, the Washington Post's coverage of autism became more likely to highlight the strengths of autistic people, more likely to use terms popular amongst self-advocates such as "neurodiversity", and more likely to discuss accommodations for autistic people to live in allistic society.^[21]

See also

• Ableism
• Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, the first United States hate crime legislation to include disability as a protected class

References

1. Luterman, Sara (1 March 2021). "A Disability Day of Mourning: Remembering the Murdered and the Vulnerable". The Nation. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
2. MacNaughton, Diane (5 March 2021). "We go to vigils and nothing seems to change". Medicine Hat News. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
3. Beech, Aja (1 March 2018). "Philly Disability Day of Mourning a step toward honoring those killed by caregivers". WHYY. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
4. Lalvani P, Broderick AA (28 October 2013). "Institutionalized Ableism and the Misguided "Disability Awareness Day": Transformative Pedagogies for Teacher Education". Equity & Excellence in Education. 46 (4): 468–483. doi:10.1080/10665684.2013.838484.
5. "Disability Day of Mourning". Retrieved 7 March 2021.
6. Willis, Scott; Brown, Samantha; Caracciolo, Gabrielle (1 March 2017). "Dozens Gather to Remember Those With Disabilities Killed by Their Caregivers". WAER. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
7. Staff writer (1 March 2021). ""Lifting their memories": UMD hosts virtual vigil for Disability Day of Mourning". The Diamondback. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
8. Rodriguez, Jeremiah (1 March 2021). "Disability Day of Mourning: Online vigils remember those killed by caregivers". CTV News. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
9. Little, Rozlyn (23 February 2020). "Aberdeen rights activists to hold vigil for disabled victims of murder". Evening Express. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
10. McIntyre, Gordon (2 March 2020). "Disability Day of Mourning honours those killed by their caretakers". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
11. Powell, Angel (2 March 2019). "What you need to know about Disability Day of Mourning". HelloGiggles. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
12. Neuhaus, Les (3 March 2017). "Florida leads nation in disabled Americans 'murdered' by family, caregivers; media coverage 'killer centered'". SaintPetersBlog. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
13. Kopic, Kristina (1 March 2017). . Ruderman Family Foundation. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017.
14. Rodriguez, Kayla (26 February 2020). "2020 Disability Day of Mourning". NeuroClastic. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
15. Vance, Terra (19 November 2019). "#ShineOnMax Becomes an International Call to End Ableism and Humanize Autistic People in the Media". NeuroClastic. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
16. "Not Dead Yet and Center for Disability Rights to Host Day of Mourning Vigil". Center for Disability Rights New York State. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
17. "2021 Anti-Filicide Toolkit". Autistic Self Advocacy Network. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
18. Kent, Steve (26 February 2021). "Utah group to remember JJ Vallow, other disabled victims of filicide in online vigil Monday". Herald Journal. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
19. Smith, S.E. (6 April 2017). "'We're Not Burdens at All': A Q&A on Media Coverage and the Murders of Disabled People". Rewire News Group. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
20. Vargas, Theresa (11 February 2021). "The very real, very painful reasons the autistic community demanded two restraint scenes be removed from Sia's new film 'Music'". The Washington Post. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
21. Lewin N, Akhtar N (2020). "Neurodiversity and deficit perspectives in The Washington Post's coverage of autism". Disability & Society. 36 (5): 812–833. doi:10.1080/09687599.2020.1751073. S2CID 219416093.