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Health department

March 15, 2024

"Department of Health" redirects here. For specific national departments of health, see List of health departments and ministries.

A health department or health ministry is a part of government which focuses on issues related to the general health of the citizenry. Subnational entities, such as states, counties and cities, often also operate a health department of their own. Health departments perform food inspections and other health related inspections (the person who performs this job is often called a public health inspector), vaccination programs, free STD and HIV tests, tobacco enforcement and cessation programs, and other medical assistance programs. Health departments also compile statistics about health issues within their area. The role of a health department may vary from one country to the other, but their primary objective is always the same; safeguarding and promoting health. In 1986, several of the world's national health departments met to establish an international guideline by which health departments operate. The meeting was in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and hence the guidelines established are known as the Ottawa Charter. The Ottawa Charter was designed to 'achieve Health for All'.

"Health department" can also refer to a university health department.

Around the world edit

See also: List of health departments and ministries

Most executive governments in the world are divided into departments or ministries. In Canada, Health Canada is the federal agency in charge of healthcare.[1] The first ministry of health in Canada was established by legislation in the Province of New Brunswick in 1918, making it the first cabinet-level Department of Health in the British Empire, with Dr. William F. Roberts of Saint John, N.B. as the first Minister of Health in the British Empire.[2]

In the People's Republic of China, the China Health Ministry initially oversaw healthcare before it was dissolved. The majority of its functions have now been integrated into a new agency called the National Health Commission.[3] In Nigeria, the Federal Ministry of Health supervises the country's health departments and agencies under it, most of which are located in Abuja, the country's capital.[4][5]

United States Health Departments edit

Main article: United States Department of Health and Human Services

Programs and services edit

In the United States, the Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for coordinating health programs in the country. With more than 100 programs and services, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) aims to "protect the health of all Americans and provide essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves."[6] These federal programs consist of social service programs, civil rights and healthcare privacy programs, disaster preparedness programs, and health related research. HHS offers a variety of social service programs geared toward persons with low income, disabilities, military families, and senior citizens.[7] Healthcare rights are defined under HHS in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) which protect patient's privacy in regards to medical information. HHS collaborates with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response and Office of Emergency Management to prepare and respond to health emergencies.[8][9] A broad array of health related research is supported or completed under the HHS; secondarily under HHS, the Health Resources & Service Administration houses data warehouses and makes health data available surrounding a multitude of topics.[10][11] HHS also has vast offering of health related resources and tools. Some examples of available resources include disease prevention, wellness, health insurance information, as well as links to healthcare providers and facilities, meaningful health related materials, and public health and safety information.[12][13][14][15][16][17]

Health departments in the United States edit

There are several tiers of health departments in America: federal, state, tribal, insular areas, freely associated states, and local levels.[18] In relation with state and local government, the federal government provides states with funding to ensure that states are able to retain current programs and are able to implement new programs. The coordination between all three levels is critical to ensure the programs being implemented are well structured for each level. The health department at state level needs to safeguard good relations with legislators as well as governors in order to acquire legal and financial aid to guarantee the development and enhancements of the programs. Assemblies are set up to guide the relationships between state and local health departments. The state sets up the regulations and health policies whereas the local health departments are the ones implementing the health policies and services.[citation needed]

Federal edit

State edit

Tribal edit

Insular areas edit

Freely associated states edit

Local edit

Grants and contracts edit

The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) acts as the most extensive grant funding agency in the country.[19] While several grants are delivered to non-government agencies, the majority of HHS federal grants are administered to states, territories, and tribes.[20] Beneficiaries of federal funds are prohibited from lobbying government officials for legislative influence or additional funding.[21] HHS and the National Institutes of Health, are accountable to Congress for conducting research that is amenable to both federal and state regulatory policies and a cost-effective budget.[22] HHS uses grants to finance and encourage government research interests. Additionally, HHS routinely sets fixed price and cost reimbursement contracts with private companies in order to obtain products and services for government operations.[23] HHS aims to issue these contracts with adherence to federal contract laws, HHS acquisition policies, and local operating procedures.[23]

United States approach to laws and regulations affecting local, state, and federal health departments edit

History edit

There is some dispute at the local level as to the claim of being the first to establish a local board or health department. For example, The city of Petersburg, Virginia claims it established the first permanent board of health in 1780;[24] The city of Baltimore, Maryland claims it is established the first US health department in 1793,[25] Philadelphia, Pennsylvania followed 1794, claiming its Board of Health as "one of the first";[26] and Boston, Massachusetts claims in 1799 it established the first board of health and the first health department, with Paul Revere named as the first health officer.[27]

At the state level, Louisiana was the first state to create a state board of health in 1855,[28] but it functioned primarily to influence regulations in New Orleans.[29] Massachusetts was the first to establish a state board that functioned throughout its state with statewide authority in 1869.[30]

At the national level, a simple National Board of Health functioned from 1879 to 1883,[31] but it was not until 1939 that another federal agency that operated to manage public health on a national level was established, going from a federal agency called the Federal Security Agency that had health functions such as the United States Public Health Service (PHS), and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 1953, that agency was reorganized and its health functions were elevated to a cabinet-level position to establish the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), which was renamed in 1980 to become the current and modern United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).[citation needed]

Current laws and regulations at each level of government edit

HHS notes the laws and regulations that it carries out on its website.[32] Every state also has a health department to which HHS has given a description and hyperlink for each state health department.[33]

Other levels of government within each state are varied.[34] For example, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) has within it a health department in each of its 58 counties. However, other localized versions exist. In the consolidated city and county of San Francisco, the San Francisco Department of Health[35] serves both the municipal corporation (city) and the administrative division (county) of the state. Three cities within California operate their own health departments, while simultaneously being under the jurisdiction of their county's health department. In Alameda County, the City of Berkeley operates its own Public Health Division.[36] Similarly, in Los Angeles County, the Long Beach Department of Health and Human Services[37] and the Pasadena Public Health Department[38] serve the cities of Long Beach and Pasadena, respectively.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Health Canada". canada.ca. 18 September 2020.
  2. ^ Charles Hayter, "New Brunswick's Remarkable Dr. Roberts", Canadian Medical Association Journal, 146:9, 1637-1639.
  3. ^ . en.nhfpc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 23 May 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  4. ^ "Federal Ministry of Health".
  5. ^ "Health Department". Public Health Nigeria. 11 May 2021.
  6. ^ (ASPA), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (29 January 2015). "Programs & Services". HHS.gov.
  7. ^ (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Social Services".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ "Preparedness Home - PHE". www.phe.gov.
  9. ^ "Office of Emergency Management - PHE". www.phe.gov.
  10. ^ (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Research".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ "HealthData.gov". www.healthdata.gov.
  12. ^ (ASPA), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (29 January 2015). "Programs & Services". HHS.gov.
  13. ^ (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Prevention & Wellness".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Health Insurance".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (9 April 2015). "Providers & Facilities".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (3 March 2015). "Featured Topic Sites".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Public Health & Safety".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ "CDC - State and Territorial Health Departments - STLT Gateway". 6 December 2021.
  19. ^ (ASFR), Division of Grants, Office of Grants and Acquisition Policy and Accountability (OGAPA), Assistant Secretary for Financial Resources (30 December 2014). "Grants". {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/grants/grants/policies-regulations/hhsgps107.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  21. ^ (ASFR), Office of Grants and Acquisition Policy and Accountability (OGAPA), Assistant Secretary for Financial Resources (29 April 2015). "Lobbying Restrictions on Grant Recipients". {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ "NIH Grants Policy Statement" (PDF). National Institutes of Health. December 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2022.[page needed]
  23. ^ a b https://www.psc.gov/docs/default-source/acquisition/federal-contracting-highlights-aligned_wmilestonesprocessflow_v6.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  24. ^ Virginia Department of Health. Go to Virginia Department of Health. http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/three-rivers/history/. Accessed 17 September 2017.
  25. ^ "About The Baltimore City Health Department". Baltimore City Health Department. 25 April 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  26. ^ Agency History. Philadelphia Department of Public Health. http://www.phila.gov/phils/docs/inventor/graphics/agencies/A080.htm. Published 24 April 2000. Accessed 17 September 2017.
  27. ^ Our History. Boston Public Health Commission. http://www.bphc.org/aboutus/our-history/Pages/our-history.aspx. Accessed 17 September 2017.
  28. ^ History. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners. http://www.lsbme.la.gov/content/history. Published 2014. Accessed 17 September 2017.
  29. ^ Everard W. New Orleans Health Department Records, City Archives. New Orleans Public Library. http://nutrias.org/inv/health.htm. Published 10 December 2001. Accessed 17 September 2017.
  30. ^ State Board of Health of Massachusetts : a brief history of its organization and its work, 1869-1912 : material compiled mainly from the reports of the Board. Columbia University Libraries. Boston : Wright & Potter. 1912.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  31. ^ Michael, Jerrold M (2011). "The National Board of Health: 1879–1883". Public Health Reports. 126 (1): 123–129. doi:10.1177/003335491112600117. PMC 3001811. PMID 21337938.
  32. ^ "Laws & Regulations". www.hhs.gov. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  33. ^ State Health Departments. Healthfinder.gov. https://healthfinder.gov/FindServices/SearchContext.aspx?show=1&topic=820. Published 17 September 2017. Accessed 17 September 2017.
  34. ^ Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO). Research. State and Local Public Health Relationships. Published May 2012. Accessed 17 September 2017.
  35. ^ "San Francisco Department of Public Health". www.sfdph.org. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  36. ^ "Home Page: Public Health Division - City of Berkeley, CA". www.cityofberkeley.info. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  37. ^ "Health". www.longbeach.gov. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  38. ^ "Public Health Department". ww5.cityofpasadena.net. Retrieved 17 April 2018.

External links edit

March 15, 2024
health, department, department, health, redirects, here, specific, national, departments, health, list, health, departments, ministries, examples, perspective, this, article, represent, worldwide, view, subject, improve, this, article, discuss, issue, talk, pa. Department of Health redirects here For specific national departments of health see List of health departments and ministries The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this article discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new article as appropriate May 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message A health department or health ministry is a part of government which focuses on issues related to the general health of the citizenry Subnational entities such as states counties and cities often also operate a health department of their own Health departments perform food inspections and other health related inspections the person who performs this job is often called a public health inspector vaccination programs free STD and HIV tests tobacco enforcement and cessation programs and other medical assistance programs Health departments also compile statistics about health issues within their area The role of a health department may vary from one country to the other but their primary objective is always the same safeguarding and promoting health In 1986 several of the world s national health departments met to establish an international guideline by which health departments operate The meeting was in Ottawa Ontario Canada and hence the guidelines established are known as the Ottawa Charter The Ottawa Charter was designed to achieve Health for All Health department can also refer to a university health department Contents 1 Around the world 2 United States Health Departments 2 1 Programs and services 2 2 Health departments in the United States 2 2 1 Federal 2 2 2 State 2 2 3 Tribal 2 2 4 Insular areas 2 2 5 Freely associated states 2 2 6 Local 2 3 Grants and contracts 3 United States approach to laws and regulations affecting local state and federal health departments 3 1 History 3 1 1 Current laws and regulations at each level of government 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksAround the world editSee also List of health departments and ministries Most executive governments in the world are divided into departments or ministries In Canada Health Canada is the federal agency in charge of healthcare 1 The first ministry of health in Canada was established by legislation in the Province of New Brunswick in 1918 making it the first cabinet level Department of Health in the British Empire with Dr William F Roberts of Saint John N B as the first Minister of Health in the British Empire 2 In the People s Republic of China the China Health Ministry initially oversaw healthcare before it was dissolved The majority of its functions have now been integrated into a new agency called the National Health Commission 3 In Nigeria the Federal Ministry of Health supervises the country s health departments and agencies under it most of which are located in Abuja the country s capital 4 5 United States Health Departments editMain article United States Department of Health and Human Services Programs and services edit In the United States the Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for coordinating health programs in the country With more than 100 programs and services the United States Department of Health and Human Services HHS aims to protect the health of all Americans and provide essential human services especially for those who are least able to help themselves 6 These federal programs consist of social service programs civil rights and healthcare privacy programs disaster preparedness programs and health related research HHS offers a variety of social service programs geared toward persons with low income disabilities military families and senior citizens 7 Healthcare rights are defined under HHS in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act HIPAA which protect patient s privacy in regards to medical information HHS collaborates with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response and Office of Emergency Management to prepare and respond to health emergencies 8 9 A broad array of health related research is supported or completed under the HHS secondarily under HHS the Health Resources amp Service Administration houses data warehouses and makes health data available surrounding a multitude of topics 10 11 HHS also has vast offering of health related resources and tools Some examples of available resources include disease prevention wellness health insurance information as well as links to healthcare providers and facilities meaningful health related materials and public health and safety information 12 13 14 15 16 17 Health departments in the United States edit There are several tiers of health departments in America federal state tribal insular areas freely associated states and local levels 18 In relation with state and local government the federal government provides states with funding to ensure that states are able to retain current programs and are able to implement new programs The coordination between all three levels is critical to ensure the programs being implemented are well structured for each level The health department at state level needs to safeguard good relations with legislators as well as governors in order to acquire legal and financial aid to guarantee the development and enhancements of the programs Assemblies are set up to guide the relationships between state and local health departments The state sets up the regulations and health policies whereas the local health departments are the ones implementing the health policies and services citation needed Federal edit Department of Health and Human Services HHS renamed in 1980 from the Department of Health Education and Welfare HEW State edit Alabama Department of Public Health ADPH Alaska Department of Health and Social Services ADHSS Arizona Department of Health Services ADHS Arkansas Department of Health ADH California Department of Public Health CDPH Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment CDPHE Connecticut State Department of Public Health CSDPH Delaware Division of Public Health DDPH District of Columbia Department of Health DCDH Florida Department of Health FDH Georgia Department of Public Health GDPH Hawaii State Department of Health HSDH Idaho Department of Health and Welfare IDHW Illinois Department of Public Health IDPH Indiana State Department of Health ISDH Iowa Department of Public Health IDPH Kansas Department of Health and Environment KDHE Kentucky Department for Public Health KDPH Louisiana Department of Health LDH Maine Department of Health and Human Services MDHHS Maryland Department of Health MDH Massachusetts Department of Public Health MDPH Michigan Department of Health and Human Services MDHHS Minnesota Department of Health MDH Mississippi State Department of Health MSDH Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services MDHSS Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services MDPHHS Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services NDHHS Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health NDPBH New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services NHDHHS New Jersey Department of Health NJDH New Mexico Department of Health NMDH New York State Department of Health NYSDH North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services NCDHHS North Dakota Department of Health NDDH Ohio Department of Health ODH Oklahoma State Department of Health OSDH Oregon Health Authority Public Health Division OHA Pennsylvania Department of Health PDH Rhode Island Department of Health RIDH South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control SCDHEC South Dakota Department of Health SDDH Tennessee Department of Health TDH Texas Department of State Health Services TDSHS Utah Department of Health UDH Vermont Department of Health VDH Virginia Department of Health VDH Washington State Department of Health WSDH West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources Bureau for Public Health WVDHHR Wisconsin Department of Health Services WDHS Wyoming Department of Health WDH Tribal edit Indian Health Service IHS Navajo Nation Department of Health NNDH Insular areas edit American Samoa Government Department of Human and Social Services Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Health Corporation Guam Department of Public Health and Social Services Division of Public Health Puerto Rico Department of Health Departamento de Salud Gobierno de Puerto Rico US Virgin Islands Department of HealthFreely associated states edit Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Health and Human Services Federated States of Micronesia Department of Health and Social Affairs Republic of Palau Ministry of HealthLocal edit Chicago Department of Public Health CDPH Long Beach California Department of Health and Human Services New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene NYCDHMH Pasadena California Public Health Department San Francisco Department of HealthGrants and contracts edit The United States Department of Health and Human Services HHS acts as the most extensive grant funding agency in the country 19 While several grants are delivered to non government agencies the majority of HHS federal grants are administered to states territories and tribes 20 Beneficiaries of federal funds are prohibited from lobbying government officials for legislative influence or additional funding 21 HHS and the National Institutes of Health are accountable to Congress for conducting research that is amenable to both federal and state regulatory policies and a cost effective budget 22 HHS uses grants to finance and encourage government research interests Additionally HHS routinely sets fixed price and cost reimbursement contracts with private companies in order to obtain products and services for government operations 23 HHS aims to issue these contracts with adherence to federal contract laws HHS acquisition policies and local operating procedures 23 United States approach to laws and regulations affecting local state and federal health departments editHistory edit There is some dispute at the local level as to the claim of being the first to establish a local board or health department For example The city of Petersburg Virginia claims it established the first permanent board of health in 1780 24 The city of Baltimore Maryland claims it is established the first US health department in 1793 25 Philadelphia Pennsylvania followed 1794 claiming its Board of Health as one of the first 26 and Boston Massachusetts claims in 1799 it established the first board of health and the first health department with Paul Revere named as the first health officer 27 At the state level Louisiana was the first state to create a state board of health in 1855 28 but it functioned primarily to influence regulations in New Orleans 29 Massachusetts was the first to establish a state board that functioned throughout its state with statewide authority in 1869 30 At the national level a simple National Board of Health functioned from 1879 to 1883 31 but it was not until 1939 that another federal agency that operated to manage public health on a national level was established going from a federal agency called the Federal Security Agency that had health functions such as the United States Public Health Service PHS and the United States Food and Drug Administration FDA In 1953 that agency was reorganized and its health functions were elevated to a cabinet level position to establish the United States Department of Health Education and Welfare HEW which was renamed in 1980 to become the current and modern United States Department of Health and Human Services HHS citation needed Current laws and regulations at each level of government edit HHS notes the laws and regulations that it carries out on its website 32 Every state also has a health department to which HHS has given a description and hyperlink for each state health department 33 Other levels of government within each state are varied 34 For example the California Department of Public Health CDPH has within it a health department in each of its 58 counties However other localized versions exist In the consolidated city and county of San Francisco the San Francisco Department of Health 35 serves both the municipal corporation city and the administrative division county of the state Three cities within California operate their own health departments while simultaneously being under the jurisdiction of their county s health department In Alameda County the City of Berkeley operates its own Public Health Division 36 Similarly in Los Angeles County the Long Beach Department of Health and Human Services 37 and the Pasadena Public Health Department 38 serve the cities of Long Beach and Pasadena respectively See also editHealth minister Health board disambiguation References edit Health Canada canada ca 18 September 2020 Charles Hayter New Brunswick s Remarkable Dr Roberts Canadian Medical Association Journal 146 9 1637 1639 Welcome to the website of the National Health Commission of the PRC en nhfpc gov cn Archived from the original on 23 May 2016 Retrieved 23 August 2017 Federal Ministry of Health Health Department Public Health Nigeria 11 May 2021 ASPA Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs 29 January 2015 Programs amp Services HHS gov ASPA Digital Communications Division DCD Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs 26 February 2015 Social Services a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Preparedness Home PHE www phe gov Office of Emergency Management PHE www phe gov ASPA Digital Communications Division DCD Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs 26 February 2015 Research a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link HealthData gov www healthdata gov ASPA Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs 29 January 2015 Programs amp Services HHS gov ASPA Digital Communications Division DCD Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs 26 February 2015 Prevention amp Wellness a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link ASPA Digital Communications Division DCD Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs 26 February 2015 Health Insurance a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link ASPA Digital Communications Division DCD Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs 9 April 2015 Providers amp Facilities a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link ASPA Digital Communications Division DCD Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs 3 March 2015 Featured Topic Sites a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link ASPA Digital Communications Division DCD Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs 26 February 2015 Public Health amp Safety a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link CDC State and Territorial Health Departments STLT Gateway 6 December 2021 ASFR Division of Grants Office of Grants and Acquisition Policy and Accountability OGAPA Assistant Secretary for Financial Resources 30 December 2014 Grants a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a first has generic name help CS1 maint multiple names authors list link https www hhs gov sites default files grants grants policies regulations hhsgps107 pdf bare URL PDF ASFR Office of Grants and Acquisition Policy and Accountability OGAPA Assistant Secretary for Financial Resources 29 April 2015 Lobbying Restrictions on Grant Recipients a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a first has generic name help CS1 maint multiple names authors list link NIH Grants Policy Statement PDF National Institutes of Health December 2021 Retrieved 5 September 2022 page needed a b https www psc gov docs default source acquisition federal contracting highlights aligned wmilestonesprocessflow v6 pdf bare URL PDF Virginia Department of Health Go to Virginia Department of Health http www vdh virginia gov three rivers history Accessed 17 September 2017 About The Baltimore City Health Department Baltimore City Health Department 25 April 2014 Retrieved 20 December 2023 Agency History Philadelphia Department of Public Health http www phila gov phils docs inventor graphics agencies A080 htm Published 24 April 2000 Accessed 17 September 2017 Our History Boston Public Health Commission http www bphc org aboutus our history Pages our history aspx Accessed 17 September 2017 History Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners http www lsbme la gov content history Published 2014 Accessed 17 September 2017 Everard W New Orleans Health Department Records City Archives New Orleans Public Library http nutrias org inv health htm Published 10 December 2001 Accessed 17 September 2017 State Board of Health of Massachusetts a brief history of its organization and its work 1869 1912 material compiled mainly from the reports of the Board Columbia University Libraries Boston Wright amp Potter 1912 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Michael Jerrold M 2011 The National Board of Health 1879 1883 Public Health Reports 126 1 123 129 doi 10 1177 003335491112600117 PMC 3001811 PMID 21337938 Laws amp Regulations www hhs gov 31 March 2021 Retrieved 20 December 2023 State Health Departments Healthfinder gov https healthfinder gov FindServices SearchContext aspx show 1 amp topic 820 Published 17 September 2017 Accessed 17 September 2017 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials ASTHO Research State and Local Public Health Relationships Published May 2012 Accessed 17 September 2017 San Francisco Department of Public Health www sfdph org Retrieved 17 April 2018 Home Page Public Health Division City of Berkeley CA www cityofberkeley info Retrieved 29 April 2020 Health www longbeach gov Retrieved 17 April 2018 Public Health Department ww5 cityofpasadena net Retrieved 17 April 2018 External links editThe state health department American Public Health Association Health Department Directory Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Health department amp oldid 1198244778, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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