Phylogram indicating the relationship of deer tick virus to other tick-borne encephalitis group viruses. TBE, tick-borne encephalitis; TSE, Turkish sheep encephalitis; GGE, Greek goat encephalitis; LI, louping ill virus; SSE, Spanish sheep encephalitis; KFD, Kyasanur Forest disease virus; TYU, Tyuleniy virus; SRE, Saumarez Reef virus. Values above branches indicate bootstrapped confidence values. Branch lengths are proportional to percent similarity in sequence.
EpidemiologyEdit
DTV has a strong prevalence in the northeastern and north central part of the United States, although little to no human infections have been reported. Only about 1 to 3% of I. scapularis ticks in the northern United States are possibly infected with DTV.[2] This infers that the virus is not seriously pathogenic or it does not easily infect humans. Human incidence might be severely underestimated.[1]
A fatal case of DTV encephalitis occurred at a New York hospital when a 62-year-old man with a meningoencephalitis syndrome, fever, weaknesses in the right arm and leg, and maculopapular rash died from the virus. After an autopsy, his tissues were found to have DTV on a PCR assay. The patient had no history of travel in the days before his admission to the hospital, which implies that the virus might be active in the New York area. He spent times outdoors in woodland areas and had frequent contacts with horses. Lyme disease was commonly reported in the patient's area of residence, showing that tick activity was prevalent in the patient's area (at the time of admission).[1]
In 2017, another fatal case of DTV was documented when a 72-year-old woman was admitted to a hospital in Maine with a fever, low blood pressure, and urination problems. A month before her admission, an I. scapularis tick was removed from her left breast. Another embedded I. scapularis tick was removed from her left scapula only three weeks after the first tick had been removed. She later developed muscle aches, chills, and a rash that is often seen in the early stages of Lyme disease in the same area the tick was removed from. She developed several other concerning symptoms towards the end of her admission at the hospital, which ranged from joint pains to thrombocytopenia. She was given doses of doxycycline and antibiotics (vancomycin and meropenem), which provided no relief to her illness. She later died and a limited autopsy was performed. A severe loss of anterior horn cells within the spinal cord and meningoencephalitis of the brain were discovered. A considerable loss of Purkinje cells was evident in the patient.[2]
^Kuno G, Artsob H, Karabatsos N, Tsuchiya KR, Chang GJ (November 2001). "Genomic sequencing of deer tick virus and phylogeny of powassan-related viruses of North America". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 65 (5): 671–6. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.671. PMID 11716135.
^Ebel GD, Spielman A, Telford SR (July 2001). "Phylogeny of North American Powassan virus". J. Gen. Virol. 82 (Pt 7): 1657–65. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-82-7-1657. PMID 11413377.
^El Khoury, Marc; Camargo, Jose; White, Jennifer; Backenson, Bryon; Dupuis, Alan; Escuyer, Kayer; Kramer, Laura; George, Kirsten; Chatterjee, Debarati; Prusinski, Melissa; Wormser, Gary; Wong, Susan (19 December 2013). "Potential Role of Deer Tick Virus in Powassan Encephalitis Cases in Lyme Disease–endemic Areas of New York, USA". Emerg Infect Dis. 19 (12): 1926–33. doi:10.3201/eid1912.130903. PMC3840892. PMID 24274334.
^Telford SR, Armstrong PM, Katavolos P, et al. (1997). "A new tick-borne encephalitis-like virus infecting New England deer ticks, Ixodes dammini". Emerging Infect. Dis. 3 (2): 165–70. doi:10.3201/eid0302.970209. PMC2627606. PMID 9204297.
October 21, 2023
deer, tick, virus, virus, genus, flavivirus, spread, ticks, that, causes, encephalitis, black, white, feulgen, stained, microphotograph, depicting, intact, tick, salivary, glands, infected, deer, tick, virus, hypotrophied, salivary, acinus, filled, with, amorp. Deer tick virus DTV is a virus in the genus Flavivirus spread via ticks that causes encephalitis 1 Deer tick virusBlack and white Feulgen stained microphotograph depicting intact tick salivary glands infected by deer tick virus Hypotrophied salivary acinus filled with amorphous masses of pinkstaining Feulgen positive material arrows Scale bar 10 µm Virus classification unranked VirusRealm RiboviriaKingdom OrthornaviraePhylum KitrinoviricotaClass FlasuviricetesOrder AmarilloviralesFamily FlaviviridaeGenus FlavivirusSpecies Powassan virusVirus Deer tick virusDeer tick virusPreventionAvoid possible tick infested areas such as the woodlandsDeaths2 1 2 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Epidemiology 3 History 4 See also 5 FootnotesTaxonomy EditDTV closely resembles Powassan virus to which it has 84 nucleotide sequence identity and 94 amino acid sequence identity 3 Due to their close similarities DTV is also called Powassan virus lineage II 4 The DTV lineage is presumed to be maintained between Ixodes scapularis or deer ticks and the white footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus 5 nbsp Phylogram indicating the relationship of deer tick virus to other tick borne encephalitis group viruses TBE tick borne encephalitis TSE Turkish sheep encephalitis GGE Greek goat encephalitis LI louping ill virus SSE Spanish sheep encephalitis KFD Kyasanur Forest disease virus TYU Tyuleniy virus SRE Saumarez Reef virus Values above branches indicate bootstrapped confidence values Branch lengths are proportional to percent similarity in sequence Epidemiology EditDTV has a strong prevalence in the northeastern and north central part of the United States although little to no human infections have been reported Only about 1 to 3 of I scapularis ticks in the northern United States are possibly infected with DTV 2 This infers that the virus is not seriously pathogenic or it does not easily infect humans Human incidence might be severely underestimated 1 History EditIn 1997 it was isolated from I scapularis ticks collected in Massachusetts and Connecticut 6 A fatal case of DTV encephalitis occurred at a New York hospital when a 62 year old man with a meningoencephalitis syndrome fever weaknesses in the right arm and leg and maculopapular rash died from the virus After an autopsy his tissues were found to have DTV on a PCR assay The patient had no history of travel in the days before his admission to the hospital which implies that the virus might be active in the New York area He spent times outdoors in woodland areas and had frequent contacts with horses Lyme disease was commonly reported in the patient s area of residence showing that tick activity was prevalent in the patient s area at the time of admission 1 In 2017 another fatal case of DTV was documented when a 72 year old woman was admitted to a hospital in Maine with a fever low blood pressure and urination problems A month before her admission an I scapularis tick was removed from her left breast Another embedded I scapularis tick was removed from her left scapula only three weeks after the first tick had been removed She later developed muscle aches chills and a rash that is often seen in the early stages of Lyme disease in the same area the tick was removed from She developed several other concerning symptoms towards the end of her admission at the hospital which ranged from joint pains to thrombocytopenia She was given doses of doxycycline and antibiotics vancomycin and meropenem which provided no relief to her illness She later died and a limited autopsy was performed A severe loss of anterior horn cells within the spinal cord and meningoencephalitis of the brain were discovered A considerable loss of Purkinje cells was evident in the patient 2 See also EditAlkhurma virus Louping illFootnotes Edit a b c d Tavakoli NP Wang H Dupuis M Hull R Ebel GD Gilmore EJ Faust PL 2009 Fatal case of deer tick virus encephalitis N Engl J Med 360 20 2099 2107 doi 10 1056 NEJMoa0806326 PMC 2847876 PMID 19439744 a b c Cavanaugh Catherine Muscat Paul Telford Sam Goethert Heidi Pendlebury William Elias Susan Robich Rebecca Welch Margret Lubelczyk Charles Smith Robert 15 September 2017 Fatal Deer Tick Virus Infection in Maine Clinical Infectious Diseases 65 6 1043 1046 doi 10 1093 cid cix435 PMID 28903511 Kuno G Artsob H Karabatsos N Tsuchiya KR Chang GJ November 2001 Genomic sequencing of deer tick virus and phylogeny of powassan related viruses of North America Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 5 671 6 doi 10 4269 ajtmh 2001 65 671 PMID 11716135 Ebel GD Spielman A Telford SR July 2001 Phylogeny of North American Powassan virus J Gen Virol 82 Pt 7 1657 65 doi 10 1099 0022 1317 82 7 1657 PMID 11413377 El Khoury Marc Camargo Jose White Jennifer Backenson Bryon Dupuis Alan Escuyer Kayer Kramer Laura George Kirsten Chatterjee Debarati Prusinski Melissa Wormser Gary Wong Susan 19 December 2013 Potential Role of Deer Tick Virus in Powassan Encephalitis Cases in Lyme Disease endemic Areas of New York USA Emerg Infect Dis 19 12 1926 33 doi 10 3201 eid1912 130903 PMC 3840892 PMID 24274334 Telford SR Armstrong PM Katavolos P et al 1997 A new tick borne encephalitis like virus infecting New England deer ticks Ixodes dammini Emerging Infect Dis 3 2 165 70 doi 10 3201 eid0302 970209 PMC 2627606 PMID 9204297 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Deer tick virus amp oldid 1095663547, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
