The December 1917 coup d'état was a politico-military uprising led by Sidónio Pais, which started in Lisbon, Portugal, with the objective of taking power from the Democratic Party, which had won every election in Portugal since the foundation of the Portuguese First Republic in October 1910.[1]
December 1917 coup d'état
Postcard with caricature of Sidónio Pais's rise to power ousting through a military coup Afonso Costa's Democratic Party government
Portugal was taking part in World War I, a participation that was largely unpopular due to its social and economic impacts,[1][2][3] and that the government tried to contain using repressive measures.[1] A conspiracy emerges within the Unionists, initially supported by its leader Manuel de Brito Camacho, but who later had a change of heart and did not participate in the coup.[1] Sidónio Pais leads the coup, with the support of every political force except for the União Sagrada[1] (a coalition between the Democratic Party and the Evolutionist Party).[2]
Coupedit
On the night of 5 December 1917, Sidónio Pais, with the support of multiple units of the Army, occupied the Eduardo VII Park and the main roads of access.[1] The total rebel army forces were around 2.500 in number.[3]José Norton de Matos, then war minister, takes command of the government forces, as both Afonso Costa (head of government) and Augusto Soares (foreign affairs minister) are out of the country.[1] Norton commanded the forces from the Navy Arsenal and had the support of the Navy, National Republican Guard, the Fiscal Guard, the police, and some Army units.[1]
On 6 December 1917, multiple houses and businesses are sacked as the police does not leave its quarters.[1] The Navy, positioned in the Tagus river and led by Leote de Rego aboard the destroyerGuadiana, exchange fire with the rebel forces in Eduardo VII.[1]
On 7 December 1917, the government forces decide to take over the forces on Eduardo VII.[1] A column of Navy and GNR members attempt a frontal attack from the Avenida.[1] Another column attempts to attack from Rato, supported by artillery placed in the São Pedro de Alcântara garden (in Bairro Alto).[1] These attacks are slow and unsuccessful.[1]
On 8 December 1917, the government hands president Bernardino Machado its resignation.[1]
Aftermathedit
The facilities and houses of Democratic leaders are sacked.[1] A Military Junta, led by Sidónio Pais, was then established.[4] The Junta officially deposed the president, government and parliament.[4]Afonso Costa and Augusto Soares were imprisoned as they returned to the country, Norton de Matos and Leote de Rego escaped in an English steamboat, and president Bernardino Machado was exiled by the Military Junta.[1] The Military Junta only ruled for a few days, giving way, on 11 December 1917, to a government led by Sidónio Pais.[3][4] Sidónio was later elected, in a general election, as president,[3] after the regime was altered from a semi-presidential system to a full-presidential system.[4] The casualties of the coup are registered as 109 dead and 500 wounded.[1]
^ ab"Formação do governo da "União Sagrada" em Portugal". Formação do governo da “União Sagrada” em Portugal. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
^ abcd"Os Dias da História de 05 Dez 2017 - RTP Play - RTP". RTP Play (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-20.
^ abcd"Museu da Presidência da República". Museu da Presidência da República (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-20.
May 04, 2024
december, 1917, coup, état, politico, military, uprising, sidónio, pais, which, started, lisbon, portugal, with, objective, taking, power, from, democratic, party, which, every, election, portugal, since, foundation, portuguese, first, republic, october, 1910,. The December 1917 coup d etat was a politico military uprising led by Sidonio Pais which started in Lisbon Portugal with the objective of taking power from the Democratic Party which had won every election in Portugal since the foundation of the Portuguese First Republic in October 1910 1 December 1917 coup d etatPostcard with caricature of Sidonio Pais s rise to power ousting through a military coup Afonso Costa s Democratic Party governmentDate5 8 December 1917LocationPortugalResultSidonio Pais victory Sidonio Pais rise to power 1918 Portuguese general electionBelligerentsPortuguese GovernmentRebels led by Sidonio PaisCommanders and leadersJose Norton de MatosLeote de RegoSidonio PaisStrength250 soldiersCasualties and losses109 dead and 500 wounded Contents 1 Background 2 Coup 3 Aftermath 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 ReferencesBackground editPortugal was taking part in World War I a participation that was largely unpopular due to its social and economic impacts 1 2 3 and that the government tried to contain using repressive measures 1 A conspiracy emerges within the Unionists initially supported by its leader Manuel de Brito Camacho but who later had a change of heart and did not participate in the coup 1 Sidonio Pais leads the coup with the support of every political force except for the Uniao Sagrada 1 a coalition between the Democratic Party and the Evolutionist Party 2 Coup editOn the night of 5 December 1917 Sidonio Pais with the support of multiple units of the Army occupied the Eduardo VII Park and the main roads of access 1 The total rebel army forces were around 2 500 in number 3 Jose Norton de Matos then war minister takes command of the government forces as both Afonso Costa head of government and Augusto Soares foreign affairs minister are out of the country 1 Norton commanded the forces from the Navy Arsenal and had the support of the Navy National Republican Guard the Fiscal Guard the police and some Army units 1 On 6 December 1917 multiple houses and businesses are sacked as the police does not leave its quarters 1 The Navy positioned in the Tagus river and led by Leote de Rego aboard the destroyer Guadiana exchange fire with the rebel forces in Eduardo VII 1 On 7 December 1917 the government forces decide to take over the forces on Eduardo VII 1 A column of Navy and GNR members attempt a frontal attack from the Avenida 1 Another column attempts to attack from Rato supported by artillery placed in the Sao Pedro de Alcantara garden in Bairro Alto 1 These attacks are slow and unsuccessful 1 On 8 December 1917 the government hands president Bernardino Machado its resignation 1 Aftermath editThe facilities and houses of Democratic leaders are sacked 1 A Military Junta led by Sidonio Pais was then established 4 The Junta officially deposed the president government and parliament 4 Afonso Costa and Augusto Soares were imprisoned as they returned to the country Norton de Matos and Leote de Rego escaped in an English steamboat and president Bernardino Machado was exiled by the Military Junta 1 The Military Junta only ruled for a few days giving way on 11 December 1917 to a government led by Sidonio Pais 3 4 Sidonio was later elected in a general election as president 3 after the regime was altered from a semi presidential system to a full presidential system 4 The casualties of the coup are registered as 109 dead and 500 wounded 1 Gallery edit nbsp Afonso Costa s government in 1917 nbsp Sidonio Pais commanded the rebel forces nbsp Norton de Matos commanded the government s forces nbsp Leote de Rego in NRP Guadiana commanded the Navy forces nbsp NRP Guadiana stationed in the Tagus exchanged fire with the rebels nbsp President Bernardino Machado 15 December 1917 departing for his exile nbsp Sidonio Pais is sworn in after being elected President in the 1918 Portuguese general electionSee also editHistory of Portugal Joaquim Pimenta de Castro the previous attempt to break the Democratic Party s uninterrupted rule References edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Rosas Fernando 2007 Lisboa revolucionaria 1908 1975 Lisboa Tinta da China Edicoes ISBN 978 989 671 025 5 a b Formacao do governo da Uniao Sagrada em Portugal Formacao do governo da Uniao Sagrada em Portugal Retrieved 2020 09 20 a b c d Os Dias da Historia de 05 Dez 2017 RTP Play RTP RTP Play in Portuguese Retrieved 2020 09 20 a b c d Museu da Presidencia da Republica Museu da Presidencia da Republica in Portuguese Retrieved 2020 09 20 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title December 1917 coup d 27etat amp oldid 1172743078, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
