The story of the oratorio takes place in a single day and is based on the Biblical stories found in 4 and 5 Judges. The Israelites have been subjugated for 20 years by the Canaanites, when the prophetess Deborah foretells the death of the Canaanite commander Sisera at the hands of a woman. The Israelite commander Barak leads them into battle against the Canaanites. The Israelites are victorious and a woman, Jael, assassinates Sisera as he sleeps in her tent.
Handel reused music from numerous previous compositions for Deborah. The work, with large choruses and grand orchestral effects, was very successful and was revived by Handel in subsequent years.
By 1733, Handel had spent nearly twenty years composing and presenting seasons of Italian opera in London. The great success of Esther the previous year had shown Handel that there was potential for further works of "Sacred Drama", performed in concert form in English. Deborah reuses much music Handel had previously composed, including passages from the Brockes Passion, Il trionfo del tempo e del disinganno, the Dixit Dominus, and others.[1]: 199 Deborah was performed as part of Handel's season at the King's Theatre in 1733, with the stars of the Italian opera singing in English, and the composer / impresario was so confident of the work's success that he doubled the price of admission for the first performance, causing some resentment and comment in the press.[1]: 198 A feature of the work is massive choruses, some in eight parts rather than the usual four, and grandiose orchestral effects featuring trumpets and drums. One witness to the first performances noted "It is very magnificent, near a hundred performers, among whom about twenty-five singers" while another remarked "'tis excessive noisy, a vast number of voices and instruments, who all perform at a time."[1]: 199 Deborah achieved considerable popularity and was revived by Handel in a number of subsequent seasons.[2]
The Israelites long for a leader who will deliver them from the oppression of the Canaanites. The prophetess and Judge, Deborah, exhorts Barak, head of the Israelite army, to save the country from subjugation and lead an army against General Sisera, commander of the Canaanite forces. Deborah prophesies that Sisera will meet death at the hands of a woman. Jael, presented in the oratorio as a female associate of Deborah, longs for security in her homeland. The father of Barak, Abinoam, adds his voice to those asking Barak to lead an army against their oppressors. A herald arrives from Sisera, announcing the General's arrival to explain the dire consequences that will fall on the Israelites should they attack, but Deborah, Barak and their people are confident that victory will be theirs.
Act 2edit
Sisera and priests of Baal arrive to counsel the Israelites not to attack but Deborah and Barak reject the possibility that the God of Israel will not conquer. Abinoam looks forward with pride to his son Barak's victory, and Deborah advises her friend Jael to retire to her tent during the upcoming battle. The Israelites are confident that God will aid their arms.
Act 3edit
The Israelites have defeated the greatly superior forces of the Canaanites. Abinoam joyfully welcomes his victorious son back from battle. Jael announces that Sisera is dead, and relates how the defeated general sought refreshment and rest in her tent. Jael brought him milk, and when he had fallen asleep, she took a hammer and drove nails through his skull. All acclaim her action and celebrate the nation's deliverance.[3][4]
deborah, handel, deborah, oratorio, george, frideric, handel, handel, early, oratorios, english, based, libretto, samuel, humphreys, received, premiere, performance, king, theatre, london, march, 1733, george, frideric, handel, story, oratorio, takes, place, s. Deborah HWV 51 is an oratorio by George Frideric Handel It was one of Handel s early oratorios in English and was based on a libretto by Samuel Humphreys It received its premiere performance at the King s Theatre in London on 17 March 1733 George Frideric Handel The story of the oratorio takes place in a single day and is based on the Biblical stories found in 4 and 5 Judges The Israelites have been subjugated for 20 years by the Canaanites when the prophetess Deborah foretells the death of the Canaanite commander Sisera at the hands of a woman The Israelite commander Barak leads them into battle against the Canaanites The Israelites are victorious and a woman Jael assassinates Sisera as he sleeps in her tent Handel reused music from numerous previous compositions for Deborah The work with large choruses and grand orchestral effects was very successful and was revived by Handel in subsequent years Contents 1 Background 2 Dramatis personae 3 Synopsis 3 1 Act 1 3 2 Act 2 3 3 Act 3 4 Recordings 5 References 6 External linksBackground edit nbsp London King s Theatre Haymarket where Deborah was first performed By 1733 Handel had spent nearly twenty years composing and presenting seasons of Italian opera in London The great success of Esther the previous year had shown Handel that there was potential for further works of Sacred Drama performed in concert form in English Deborah reuses much music Handel had previously composed including passages from the Brockes Passion Il trionfo del tempo e del disinganno the Dixit Dominus and others 1 199 Deborah was performed as part of Handel s season at the King s Theatre in 1733 with the stars of the Italian opera singing in English and the composer impresario was so confident of the work s success that he doubled the price of admission for the first performance causing some resentment and comment in the press 1 198 A feature of the work is massive choruses some in eight parts rather than the usual four and grandiose orchestral effects featuring trumpets and drums One witness to the first performances noted It is very magnificent near a hundred performers among whom about twenty five singers while another remarked tis excessive noisy a vast number of voices and instruments who all perform at a time 1 199 Deborah achieved considerable popularity and was revived by Handel in a number of subsequent seasons 2 Dramatis personae edit nbsp Painting from the 1730s of singer who created roles in Handel operas and oratorios Anna Maria Strada creator of the role of Deborah Roles voice types and premiere cast Role Voice 1733 cast Deborah soprano Anna Maria Strada Barak commander of the Israelite army alto castrato Senesino Abinoam bass Antonio Montagnana Sisera alto Francesca Bertolli Jael soprano Celeste Gismondi An Israelite Woman soprano Celeste Gismondi Chief Priest of Israelites bass Antonio Montagnana Chief Priest of Baal bass Gustavus Waltz Herald tenor Chorus of the Priests and Israelites Chorus of the Priests of BaalSynopsis edit nbsp Gustave Dore Deborah nbsp Jael killing Sisera by Artemisia Gentileschi nbsp Jael shows the slain Sisera to Barak by James Tissot Act 1 edit The Israelites long for a leader who will deliver them from the oppression of the Canaanites The prophetess and Judge Deborah exhorts Barak head of the Israelite army to save the country from subjugation and lead an army against General Sisera commander of the Canaanite forces Deborah prophesies that Sisera will meet death at the hands of a woman Jael presented in the oratorio as a female associate of Deborah longs for security in her homeland The father of Barak Abinoam adds his voice to those asking Barak to lead an army against their oppressors A herald arrives from Sisera announcing the General s arrival to explain the dire consequences that will fall on the Israelites should they attack but Deborah Barak and their people are confident that victory will be theirs Act 2 edit Sisera and priests of Baal arrive to counsel the Israelites not to attack but Deborah and Barak reject the possibility that the God of Israel will not conquer Abinoam looks forward with pride to his son Barak s victory and Deborah advises her friend Jael to retire to her tent during the upcoming battle The Israelites are confident that God will aid their arms Act 3 edit The Israelites have defeated the greatly superior forces of the Canaanites Abinoam joyfully welcomes his victorious son back from battle Jael announces that Sisera is dead and relates how the defeated general sought refreshment and rest in her tent Jael brought him milk and when he had fallen asleep she took a hammer and drove nails through his skull All acclaim her action and celebrate the nation s deliverance 3 4 Recordings editDeborah discography Year Cast Deborah Barak Abinoam Sisera Jael Conductor orchestraand chorus Label 1993 Yvonne Kenny James Bowman Michael George Catherine Denley Susan Gritton Robert KingThe King s Consort and Choir of New College Oxford CD Hyperion RecordsCat CDA66841 2 2002 Elisabeth Scholl Lawrence Zazzo Jelle S Draijer Ewa Wolak Natacha Ducret Joachim Carlos MartiniBarockorchester Frankfurt and the Junge Kantorei CD NaxosCat 8 554785 87References edit a b c Keates Jonathan 1985 Handel The Man amp His Music Random House UK ISBN 978 1845951153 Deborah www gfhandel org Handel org Archived from the original on 24 September 2013 Retrieved 18 September 2013 Gerbrandt Carl 2006 Sacred Music Drama The Producer s Guide Second Edition AuthorHouse ISBN 978 1425968472 Martini Joachim Carlos Program Notes for Naxos recording of Deborah www naxos com Naxos Archived from the original on 12 September 2014 Retrieved 18 September 2013 External links editFull text of Humphreys libretto hosted at Stanford University Score of Deborah ed Friedrich Chrysander Leipzig 1869 Score on IMSLP Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Deborah Handel amp oldid 1198129452, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,