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Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin

October 15, 2023

On 21 January 1924, at 18:50 EET, Vladimir Lenin, leader of the October Revolution and the first leader and co-founder of the Soviet Union, died in Gorki aged 53 after falling into a coma.[1] The official cause of death was recorded as an incurable disease of the blood vessels.[2] Lenin was given a state funeral and then buried in a specially erected mausoleum on 27 January. A commission of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) was in charge of organising the funeral.

Lenin's Funeral
Lenin's funeral (1925), by Isaak Brodsky (detail).
Date27 January 1924; 99 years ago (1924-01-27)
LocationRed Square, Moscow, Soviet Union
ParticipantsRCP(b) leaders, relatives and followers.

Funeral service Edit

On 23 January, the coffin with Lenin's body was transported by train from Gorki to Moscow and displayed at the Hall of Columns in the House of the Unions, and it stayed there for three days.[3][4] On 27 January, the body of Lenin was delivered to Red Square, accompanied by martial music. There assembled crowds listened to a series of speeches delivered by Mikhail Kalinin, Grigory Zinoviev, and Joseph Stalin, but notably not Leon Trotsky, who had been convalescing in the Caucasus.[4] Trotsky would later claim that he had been given the wrong date for the funeral.[5] Stalin's secretary, Boris Bazhanov would later corroborate this account as he stated "Stalin was true to himself: he sent a telegram to Trotsky, who was in the Caucasus undergoing medical treatment, giving a false date for Lenin's funeral".[6] French historian Pierre Broue also cited the Moscow archives which documented written correspondence between Stalin and the secretary of the Abkhazian party, Nestor Lakoba, as evidence of Stalin's efforts to keep Trotsky in Sukhumi during Lenin's funeral.[7] Trotsky would also deliver a tribute to Lenin with his 1925 short book, "Lenin".[8][9]

Alexei Rykov was also absent from the funeral as he had gone to Italy with his wife and had experienced influenza.[10] Afterwards the body was placed into the vault of a temporary wooden mausoleum (soon to be replaced with present-day Lenin's Mausoleum), by the Kremlin Wall.[11] Despite the freezing temperatures, tens of thousands attended.[12]

Against the protestations of Nadezhda Krupskaya, Lenin's widow, Lenin's body was embalmed to preserve it for long-term public display in the Red Square mausoleum.[13] The commander of the Moscow Garrison issued an order to place the guard of honour at the mausoleum, whereby it was colloquially referred to as the "Number One Sentry".[14] During the embalming process, Lenin's brain had been removed; in 1925, an institute was established to dissect it, revealing that Lenin had had severe sclerosis.[15]

According to Stalin’s secretary, Boris Bazhanov, Stalin was jubilant over Lenin’s death while “publicly putting on the mask of grief”.[16][17] Similarly, Old Bolshevik Grigory Sokolnikov reported Stalin making disparaging remarks about Lenin’s passing with the words that he "couldn’t die like a real leader!”.[18][19]

Post-Soviet period Edit

After the events of the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, the guard of honour was disbanded. In 2018, Russian MP Vladimir Petrov suggested that Lenin's body be buried in 2024, the 100th anniversary of his death, because it was costing the state too much money to house the body in the mausoleum and proposed it be replaced with a wax or rubber model.[20]

Gallery Edit

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ Fischer 1964, pp. 673–674; Shub 1966, p. 438; Rice 1990, p. 194; Volkogonov 1994, p. 435; Service 2000, pp. 478–479; White 2001, p. 176; Read 2005, p. 269.
  2. ^ Volkogonov 1994, p. 435; Lerner, Finkelstein & Witztum 2004, p. 372.
  3. ^ Fischer 1964, p. 674; Shub 1966, p. 439; Rice 1990, pp. 7–8; Service 2000, p. 479.
  4. ^ a b Rice 1990, p. 9.
  5. ^ "Leon Trotsky: My Life (41. Lenin's Death and the Shift of Power)". www.marxists.org. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  6. ^ Bazhanov, Boris; Doyle, David W. (1990). Bazhanov and the Damnation of Stalin. Ohio University Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-8214-0948-0.
  7. ^ Broue., Pierre (1992). Trotsky: a biographer's problems. In The Trotsky reappraisal. Brotherstone, Terence; Dukes, Paul,(eds). Edinburgh University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-7486-0317-6.
  8. ^ Trotsky, Leon. "Lenin (1925)".
  9. ^ Trotsky, Leon (1959). Lenin. Garden City Books. p. 215.
  10. ^ Kotkin, Stephen (23 October 2014). Stalin, Vol. I: Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-7181-9298-3.
  11. ^ Shub 1966, p. 439; Rice 1990, p. 9; Service 2000, pp. 479–480.
  12. ^ Volkogonov 1994, p. 440.
  13. ^ Fischer 1964, p. 674; Shub 1966, p. 438; Volkogonov 1994, pp. 437–438; Service 2000, p. 481.
  14. ^ "STRUGGLE IN RUSSIA; Yeltsin Cancels Guards at Lenin's Tomb". The New York Times. 7 October 1993. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  15. ^ Fischer 1964, pp. 625–626; Volkogonov 1994, p. 446.
  16. ^ Kuromiya, Hiroaki (16 August 2013). Stalin. Routledge. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-317-86780-7.
  17. ^ Several facts from Bazhanov’s memoirs may be added to the foregoing observations.In the first days after Lenin’s death, Stalin “is in his office and, in the presence of his secretaries…is in a good mood and beaming. At meetings and sessions he puts on a tragically mournful, hypocritical face, makes insincere speeches, and swears with pathos to be true to Lenin. Looking at him, I cannot help but think: “What a swine you are”.Rogovin, Vadim Zakharovich (2021). Was There an Alternative? Trotskyism: a Look Back Through the Years. Mehring Books. p. 236. ISBN 978-1-893638-97-6.
  18. ^ Antonov-Ovseenko, Anton (1983). The time of Stalin--portrait of a tyranny. New York : Harper & Row. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-06-039027-3.
  19. ^ Figes, Orlando (26 January 2017). A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution – centenary edition with new introduction. Random House. p. 797. ISBN 978-1-4481-1264-7.
  20. ^ "MP suggests replacing Lenin's mummy with rubber figure". Pravda.ru. 14 November 2018.

Works cited Edit

External links Edit

  Media related to Funeral of Vladimir Lenin at Wikimedia Commons

October 15, 2023
death, state, funeral, vladimir, lenin, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, russian, 2023, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, russian, article, machine, translat. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian May 2023 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Russian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 2 903 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at ru Smert i pohorony Vladimira Lenina see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ru Smert i pohorony Vladimira Lenina to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation On 21 January 1924 at 18 50 EET Vladimir Lenin leader of the October Revolution and the first leader and co founder of the Soviet Union died in Gorki aged 53 after falling into a coma 1 The official cause of death was recorded as an incurable disease of the blood vessels 2 Lenin was given a state funeral and then buried in a specially erected mausoleum on 27 January A commission of the Central Committee of the RCP b was in charge of organising the funeral Lenin s FuneralLenin s funeral 1925 by Isaak Brodsky detail Date27 January 1924 99 years ago 1924 01 27 LocationRed Square Moscow Soviet UnionParticipantsRCP b leaders relatives and followers Contents 1 Funeral service 2 Post Soviet period 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Works cited 6 External linksFuneral service EditOn 23 January the coffin with Lenin s body was transported by train from Gorki to Moscow and displayed at the Hall of Columns in the House of the Unions and it stayed there for three days 3 4 On 27 January the body of Lenin was delivered to Red Square accompanied by martial music There assembled crowds listened to a series of speeches delivered by Mikhail Kalinin Grigory Zinoviev and Joseph Stalin but notably not Leon Trotsky who had been convalescing in the Caucasus 4 Trotsky would later claim that he had been given the wrong date for the funeral 5 Stalin s secretary Boris Bazhanov would later corroborate this account as he stated Stalin was true to himself he sent a telegram to Trotsky who was in the Caucasus undergoing medical treatment giving a false date for Lenin s funeral 6 French historian Pierre Broue also cited the Moscow archives which documented written correspondence between Stalin and the secretary of the Abkhazian party Nestor Lakoba as evidence of Stalin s efforts to keep Trotsky in Sukhumi during Lenin s funeral 7 Trotsky would also deliver a tribute to Lenin with his 1925 short book Lenin 8 9 Alexei Rykov was also absent from the funeral as he had gone to Italy with his wife and had experienced influenza 10 Afterwards the body was placed into the vault of a temporary wooden mausoleum soon to be replaced with present day Lenin s Mausoleum by the Kremlin Wall 11 Despite the freezing temperatures tens of thousands attended 12 Against the protestations of Nadezhda Krupskaya Lenin s widow Lenin s body was embalmed to preserve it for long term public display in the Red Square mausoleum 13 The commander of the Moscow Garrison issued an order to place the guard of honour at the mausoleum whereby it was colloquially referred to as the Number One Sentry 14 During the embalming process Lenin s brain had been removed in 1925 an institute was established to dissect it revealing that Lenin had had severe sclerosis 15 According to Stalin s secretary Boris Bazhanov Stalin was jubilant over Lenin s death while publicly putting on the mask of grief 16 17 Similarly Old Bolshevik Grigory Sokolnikov reported Stalin making disparaging remarks about Lenin s passing with the words that he couldn t die like a real leader 18 19 Post Soviet period EditAfter the events of the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis the guard of honour was disbanded In 2018 Russian MP Vladimir Petrov suggested that Lenin s body be buried in 2024 the 100th anniversary of his death because it was costing the state too much money to house the body in the mausoleum and proposed it be replaced with a wax or rubber model 20 Gallery Edit nbsp Transport of Lenin s body to the Gorki railway station nbsp Train that carried Lenin s body from Gorki to Moscow with Locomotive U 127 nbsp Joseph Stalin Lev Kamenev and Mikhail Tomsky carrying Lenin s coffin nbsp Mikhail Tomsky Mikhail Kalinin Nadezhda Krupskaya and Janis Rudzutaks at Lenin s funeral nbsp The information poster about Lenin s death dated 22 January 1924 See also EditDeath and state funeral of Joseph Stalin Lenin s Mausoleum Lenin s TestamentReferences Edit Fischer 1964 pp 673 674 Shub 1966 p 438 Rice 1990 p 194 Volkogonov 1994 p 435 Service 2000 pp 478 479 White 2001 p 176 Read 2005 p 269 Volkogonov 1994 p 435 Lerner Finkelstein amp Witztum 2004 p 372 Fischer 1964 p 674 Shub 1966 p 439 Rice 1990 pp 7 8 Service 2000 p 479 a b Rice 1990 p 9 Leon Trotsky My Life 41 Lenin s Death and the Shift of Power www marxists org Retrieved 25 June 2023 Bazhanov Boris Doyle David W 1990 Bazhanov and the Damnation of Stalin Ohio University Press p 112 ISBN 978 0 8214 0948 0 Broue Pierre 1992 Trotsky a biographer s problems In The Trotsky reappraisal Brotherstone Terence Dukes Paul eds Edinburgh University Press p 20 ISBN 978 0 7486 0317 6 Trotsky Leon Lenin 1925 Trotsky Leon 1959 Lenin Garden City Books p 215 Kotkin Stephen 23 October 2014 Stalin Vol I Paradoxes of Power 1878 1928 Penguin Books Limited ISBN 978 0 7181 9298 3 Shub 1966 p 439 Rice 1990 p 9 Service 2000 pp 479 480 Volkogonov 1994 p 440 Fischer 1964 p 674 Shub 1966 p 438 Volkogonov 1994 pp 437 438 Service 2000 p 481 STRUGGLE IN RUSSIA Yeltsin Cancels Guards at Lenin s Tomb The New York Times 7 October 1993 Retrieved 11 November 2018 Fischer 1964 pp 625 626 Volkogonov 1994 p 446 Kuromiya Hiroaki 16 August 2013 Stalin Routledge p 60 ISBN 978 1 317 86780 7 Several facts from Bazhanov s memoirs may be added to the foregoing observations In the first days after Lenin s death Stalin is in his office and in the presence of his secretaries is in a good mood and beaming At meetings and sessions he puts on a tragically mournful hypocritical face makes insincere speeches and swears with pathos to be true to Lenin Looking at him I cannot help but think What a swine you are Rogovin Vadim Zakharovich 2021 Was There an Alternative Trotskyism a Look Back Through the Years Mehring Books p 236 ISBN 978 1 893638 97 6 Antonov Ovseenko Anton 1983 The time of Stalin portrait of a tyranny New York Harper amp Row p 23 ISBN 978 0 06 039027 3 Figes Orlando 26 January 2017 A People s Tragedy The Russian Revolution centenary edition with new introduction Random House p 797 ISBN 978 1 4481 1264 7 MP suggests replacing Lenin s mummy with rubber figure Pravda ru 14 November 2018 Works cited Edit Fischer Louis 1964 The Life of Lenin London Weidenfeld and Nicolson Lerner Vladimir Finkelstein Y Witztum E 2004 The Enigma of Lenin s 1870 1924 Malady European Journal of Neurology 11 6 371 376 doi 10 1111 j 1468 1331 2004 00839 x PMID 15171732 S2CID 14966309 Read Christopher 2005 Lenin A Revolutionary Life Routledge Historical Biographies London Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 20649 5 Rice Christopher 1990 Lenin Portrait of a Professional Revolutionary London Cassell ISBN 978 0 304 31814 8 Service Robert 2000 Lenin A Biography London Macmillan ISBN 978 0 333 72625 9 Shub David 1966 Lenin A Biography revised ed London Pelican Volkogonov Dmitri 1994 Lenin Life and Legacy Translated by Shukman Harold London HarperCollins ISBN 978 0 00 255123 6 White James D 2001 Lenin The Practice and Theory of Revolution European History in Perspective Basingstoke England Palgrave ISBN 978 0 333 72157 5 External links Edit nbsp Media related to Funeral of Vladimir Lenin at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin amp oldid 1175660328, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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