David Pla Marín

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Pla and the second or maternal family name is Marín.

David Pla Marín (born 1975, Pamplona^[2]) is a lawyer^[3] and Basque activist, who Spanish authorities believe to have been one of the three leaders of the Basque separatist group ETA at the time of the group's ceasefire declaration in October 2011.^[3][4] In 2000 Pla was condemned to six years imprisonment for planning an attack against the Mayor of Zaragoza, José Atarés. Pla is believed to be one of three people who read out the October 2011 ETA ceasefire declaration.^[1] He had previously been the leader of Basque separatist youth organisation Jarrai [ca; es; gl] in the 1990s and had stood unsuccessfully as a candidate for Herri Batasuna in the 1995 local elections.

David Pla Marín
Born	1975 (age 48–49) Pamplona
Other names	Mintxo^[1]
Organization	ETA
Criminal charge(s)	Planning terrorism, membership of a prohibited organisation
Criminal penalty	6 years in prison

Youth organisation

In the 1990s, Pla belonged to the Jarrai youth organisation, which was later banned and included in the European Union's list of terrorist organisations on the grounds of its links to ETA.^[5] He served as one of the organisation's main spokesmen and organised fund raising events.^[6] During this time, he defended "all forms of struggle" as being legitimate for Basque youth^[7] and called for independence and self-determination for the Greater Basque Country.^[8]

ETA activities and first conviction

In 1994, when Spanish police dismantled the Nafarroa commando unit of ETA, they raided Pla's home in the Ermitagaña district of Pamplona, but failed to find him.^[9] In 1998, he was alleged to have made deposits to ETA.^[9] In April 1999, his relatives' homes in Madrid were searched as part of an investigation into alleged threats against businessmen.^[9] Following this, Pla is believed to have moved to France.^[9]

On 28 July 2000, Pla was one of two people arrested in Zaragoza, charged with planning to assassinate the Mayor of the city, José Atarés, by placing a sticky bomb on his car.^[9] In June 2001 Pla was found guilty and sentenced to six years in prison and fined 90,000 Pesetas for the use of false documents.^[10] The prosecution had sought an eleven-year prison sentence.^[10]

In July 2006, Spanish authorities sought to prevent his release, after receiving information from French authorities implicating him in the planning of the assassination of Spanish senator Manuel Giménez Abad, who was killed in May 2001. Pla denied the claims.^[11] The substitute judge at the Spanish High Court, Baltasar Garzón, originally ordered Pla to be detained pending further investigations, however, this ruling was overturned in August 2006 and Pla was freed.^[12]

Subsequent activities

In 2010, Pla was rearrested, accused of having passed messages from the group's leadership to a group of lawyers representing the organisation^[13] At the time of his arrest, the Spanish Interior Ministry also believed Pla to be responsible for managing the relationships between the ETA leadership in France and ETA prisoners, which included assisting with prison escape attempts and aiding fugitives.^[14] Pla was released and went into hiding. In June 2011, the Spanish Civil Guard added him to their most wanted list, with Spanish Interior Minister Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba naming Pla as someone he believed to occupy "a position of high responsibility" within ETA.^[15] Pla was believed to have been one of the masked figures reading out ETA's ceasefire declarations in January and October 2011, at which time he was believed to be responsible for ETA's political apparatus.^[2]

Subsequently, Pla was involved in the peace process which followed the ceasefire declaration as one of the main negotiators^[16] and was given sanctuary in Norway. After eight months there, he was expelled due to lack of progress in the peace process.^[17]

On 22 September 2015 Pla was detained by French police in the border town of Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry. Security services believed he was attending a meeting of the ETA leadership at the time.^[18]

After serving 4 years of a 5-year sentence in Osny prison, much of it in pre-trial detention, Pla was released on 18 April 2019.^[19] Part of the conditions of his early release was that he report to the local police station in Hendaye. He was rearrested there on 12 February 2020 under a European Arrest Warrant issued by the Spanish government and extradited to Spain. On 19 February 2020 he was given a conditional release from Soto del Real prison with the charges against him still pending.^[20]

References

1. "Arantza Zulueta y otros nueve abogados del frente jurídico de ETA, procesados en la Audiencia Nacional". El Mundo. 30 June 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
2. "¿Quiénes se esconden tras las capuchas?". El País. 21 October 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
3. "Eta members struggle to confront murderous past". The Guardian. 22 October 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
4. Rodríguez, Jorge (20 October 2011). "Tres jefes para los 50 últimos de ETA". El País. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
5. Whitfield, Teresa (2014). Endgame for ETA: Elusive Peace in the Basque Country. Oxford University Press. p. xxiv. ISBN 9780199387540.
6. "Un nuevo impuesto revolucionario". El País. 29 April 1998. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
7. Intxausti, Aurora (29 September 1998). "Jarrai mantiene que para los jóvenes "todas las formas de lucha son legítimas"". El País. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
8. Gastominza, Genoveva (21 October 1998). "Jarrai buscará la independencia con una plataforma en Navarra y Francia". El País. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
9. Monserrat, Concha (29 July 2000). "La policía detiene a dos etarras que preparaban un atentado contra el alcalde de Zaragoza". El País. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
10. "El fiscal y las defensas pactan seis años de cárcel para dos etarras del 'comando Zaragoza'". El País. 6 June 2001. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
11. "La fiscalía pide más prisión para dos etarras que iban a ser excarcelados". El País. 14 July 2006. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
12. "El juez Pedraz vuelve a liberar a tres etarras acusados de asesinato cuya salida de la cárcel impidió Garzón". El País. 18 August 2006. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
13. . La Vanguardia. 20 April 2010. Archived from the original on 17 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
14. Ceberio Belasa, Mónica (17 April 2010). "Detenido en Francia el presunto jefe de los abogados de presos de ETA". El País. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
15. "La Guardia Civil añade tres etarras a la lista de los más buscados". El País. 17 June 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
16. "Spain and ETA: Always around". The Economist. 17 August 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
17. "Norway expels three ETA members after seeing no moves toward a peace process". El País. 5 March 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
18. "La detención de Pla y Sorzábal, certificado de defunción de ETA". ABC (in Spanish). 22 September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
19. "ETA : libéré jeudi 18 avril 2019, le militant David Pla reviendra vivre à Hendaye". Sud Ouest. 16 April 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
20. Martialay, Ángela (19 February 2020). "El último jefe de ETA, David Pla, sale de la cárcel de Soto del Real tras ordenarlo la Audiencia Nacional". El Mundo. Retrieved 31 July 2020.