Dovid Knut or Knout (Russian: До́вид Кнут) (23 September [O.S. 10 September] 1900–15 February 1955), real name Duvid Meerovich (later David Mironovich) Fiksman (Russian: Ду́вид Ме́ерович [Дави́д Миро́нович] Фи́ксман), was a Jewish poet and member of the French Resistance.
Fiksman was born in the Bessarabian town of Orgeev in the Russian Empire (now Orhei, Moldova), the eldest son of the grocer Meer Fiksman and his wife Haya. His early years were spent in Chișinău, where his parents had moved by early 1903. There he studied in a cheder and a state school for Jews. At fourteen he began publishing poetry in local periodicals, and in 1918 he edited the magazine Molodaya mysl' [Young thought], taking the pen name Dovid Knut, perhaps from the word knut, meaning 'whip, lash', used in both Russian and Yiddish as a symbol of oppression and slavery.[1]
In 1920, when Bessarabia became part of Romania, the family moved to Paris, where Dovid had factory and other jobs during the day and studied French at the night school of the Alliance française, opened his own eatery in the Latin Quarter, studied in the Department of Chemistry of the University of Caen in Normandy, and worked as an engineer. He also took part in the cultural life of emigre Paris, helping to organize the "Exhibition of Thirteen" in July 1922, joining the Union of Young Poets and Writers, and coediting the magazine Novy dom [New home]. He contributed poems to many émigré publications, and his first collection, Moikh tysyachiletii [My millennia], appeared in 1925 and was "well received for its Biblical intonation and verbal vibrancy"; his second, published in 1928, was reviewed sympathetically by Vladimir Nabokov, who praised its "energetic verses" but complained about lapses of taste.[2]
In the early 1930s, Knut separated from his first wife, Sarra Groboys, the mother of his son Daniel, and became close to Ariadna (Ariane) Scriabine (1906–1944, known as "Régine" in the Resistance), the daughter of the Russian composer Alexander Scriabin. At the same time he was becoming increasingly involved with Jewish activism, and he and Ariadna visited Palestine from August to December 1937; while he was there, Haaretz published one of his poems in Hebrew translation.[3] He edited the Jewish newspaper L'Affirmation from January 1938 to September 1939, attacking writers and intellectuals who showed sympathy for anti-Semitism. In September 1939 he was mobilized into the French army. Ariadna had become passionately devoted to the Jewish cause; they were married in March 1940 and she converted to Judaism at that time.[4] The next month they moved to Toulouse, where along with others they established a secret organization called La main forte [The strong hand], which became the Armée juive (AJ or Jewish Army), a World War IIresistance movement. In December 1942, pursued by the Gestapo, Knut escaped to Switzerland; Ariadna gave birth to his son Yosi in May 1943. She was ambushed and killed by members of the French Militia while holding an AJ meeting at her flat in Toulouse in July 1944, two weeks before the city was liberated.
Knut returned to Paris in the fall of 1944, working at the Centre de documentation juive contemporaine. In 1946 he became editor of the magazine Le Monde juif [Jewish world], and the next year he married actress Virginia Sharovskaya (who became Leah Fiksman). In 1949 he published a substantial volume of selected poems; that same year he and his family left France and moved to Israel. He lived in Tel Aviv and taught Hebrew at an ulpan in Kiryat Motzkin. He died in 1955 from cancer of the brain.[citation needed]
Notesedit
^Maxim Shrayer, An Anthology of Jewish-Russian Literature: 1801–1953 (M.E. Sharpe, 2007: ISBN076560521X), p. 446.
^Shrayer, Anthology of Jewish-Russian Literature, pp. 446–47.
^Shrayer, Anthology of Jewish-Russian Literature, p. 447.
^Ne les oublions pas: SCRIABINE épouse FIKSMAN Ariane 2014-08-19 at the Wayback Machine.
Nasushchnaya lyubov' [Urgent love]. Paris: Dom knigi, 1938.
Izbrannye stikhi [Selected poems]. Paris: Moderne de la Presse, 1949.
Referencesedit
Dovid Knout, Contribution à l’histoire de la Résistance juive en France, 1940–1944. Paris: Éditions du Centre, 1944.
Yehuda Ben-David, Yaʻel Zaidman, Abraham Polonski and the Jewish resistance in France during the Second World War. Miśrad ha-bitaḥon, 2002.
Raphaël Delpard, L'armée juive clandestine en France: 1940–1945. Page après page, 2002.
Renée Poznanski, Jews in France during World War II. UPNE, 2001.
Adam Rayski et al., Les Juifs dans la résistance et la libération: histoire, témoignages, débats. Editions du Scribe, 1985.
Marie Syrkin, Blessed is the Match: The Story of Jewish Resistance. Jewish Publication Society of America, 1976.
May 01, 2024
dovid, knut, knout, russian, До, вид, Кнут, september, september, 1900, february, 1955, real, name, duvid, meerovich, later, david, mironovich, fiksman, russian, Ду, вид, Ме, ерович, Дави, Миро, нович, Фи, ксман, jewish, poet, member, french, resistance, born,. Dovid Knut or Knout Russian Do vid Knut 23 September O S 10 September 1900 15 February 1955 real name Duvid Meerovich later David Mironovich Fiksman Russian Du vid Me erovich Davi d Miro novich Fi ksman was a Jewish poet and member of the French Resistance Dovid KnutBorn 1900 09 10 September 10 1900Died 1955 02 15 February 15 1955Tel AvivNationalityFrench Contents 1 Biography 2 Notes 3 Poetry collections 4 ReferencesBiography editFiksman was born in the Bessarabian town of Orgeev in the Russian Empire now Orhei Moldova the eldest son of the grocer Meer Fiksman and his wife Haya His early years were spent in Chișinău where his parents had moved by early 1903 There he studied in a cheder and a state school for Jews At fourteen he began publishing poetry in local periodicals and in 1918 he edited the magazine Molodaya mysl Young thought taking the pen name Dovid Knut perhaps from the word knut meaning whip lash used in both Russian and Yiddish as a symbol of oppression and slavery 1 In 1920 when Bessarabia became part of Romania the family moved to Paris where Dovid had factory and other jobs during the day and studied French at the night school of the Alliance francaise opened his own eatery in the Latin Quarter studied in the Department of Chemistry of the University of Caen in Normandy and worked as an engineer He also took part in the cultural life of emigre Paris helping to organize the Exhibition of Thirteen in July 1922 joining the Union of Young Poets and Writers and coediting the magazine Novy dom New home He contributed poems to many emigre publications and his first collection Moikh tysyachiletii My millennia appeared in 1925 and was well received for its Biblical intonation and verbal vibrancy his second published in 1928 was reviewed sympathetically by Vladimir Nabokov who praised its energetic verses but complained about lapses of taste 2 nbsp Dovid Knut and Ariadna Paris 1939 In the early 1930s Knut separated from his first wife Sarra Groboys the mother of his son Daniel and became close to Ariadna Ariane Scriabine 1906 1944 known as Regine in the Resistance the daughter of the Russian composer Alexander Scriabin At the same time he was becoming increasingly involved with Jewish activism and he and Ariadna visited Palestine from August to December 1937 while he was there Haaretz published one of his poems in Hebrew translation 3 He edited the Jewish newspaper L Affirmation from January 1938 to September 1939 attacking writers and intellectuals who showed sympathy for anti Semitism In September 1939 he was mobilized into the French army Ariadna had become passionately devoted to the Jewish cause they were married in March 1940 and she converted to Judaism at that time 4 The next month they moved to Toulouse where along with others they established a secret organization called La main forte The strong hand which became the Armee juive AJ or Jewish Army a World War II resistance movement In December 1942 pursued by the Gestapo Knut escaped to Switzerland Ariadna gave birth to his son Yosi in May 1943 She was ambushed and killed by members of the French Militia while holding an AJ meeting at her flat in Toulouse in July 1944 two weeks before the city was liberated Knut returned to Paris in the fall of 1944 working at the Centre de documentation juive contemporaine In 1946 he became editor of the magazine Le Monde juif Jewish world and the next year he married actress Virginia Sharovskaya who became Leah Fiksman In 1949 he published a substantial volume of selected poems that same year he and his family left France and moved to Israel He lived in Tel Aviv and taught Hebrew at an ulpan in Kiryat Motzkin He died in 1955 from cancer of the brain citation needed Notes edit Maxim Shrayer An Anthology of Jewish Russian Literature 1801 1953 M E Sharpe 2007 ISBN 076560521X p 446 Shrayer Anthology of Jewish Russian Literature pp 446 47 Shrayer Anthology of Jewish Russian Literature p 447 Ne les oublions pas SCRIABINE epouse FIKSMAN Ariane Archived 2014 08 19 at the Wayback Machine Poetry collections editMoikh tysyachiletii My millennia Paris Ptitselov 1925 text pdf Vtoraya kniga stikhov Second book of poems Paris Navarre 1928 text pdf Satir Satyr Paris Monastyr muz 1929 Parizhskie nochi Paris nights Paris Rodnik 1932 Nasushchnaya lyubov Urgent love Paris Dom knigi 1938 Izbrannye stikhi Selected poems Paris Moderne de la Presse 1949 References editDovid Knout Contribution a l histoire de la Resistance juive en France 1940 1944 Paris Editions du Centre 1944 Yehuda Ben David Yaʻel Zaidman Abraham Polonski and the Jewish resistance in France during the Second World War Misrad ha bitaḥon 2002 Raphael Delpard L armee juive clandestine en France 1940 1945 Page apres page 2002 Renee Poznanski Jews in France during World War II UPNE 2001 Adam Rayski et al Les Juifs dans la resistance et la liberation histoire temoignages debats Editions du Scribe 1985 Marie Syrkin Blessed is the Match The Story of Jewish Resistance Jewish Publication Society of America 1976 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dovid Knut amp oldid 1209456280, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
