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Bolognese Swordsmanship

April 08, 2024

Bolognese Swordsmanship, also sometimes known as the Dardi school, is a tradition within the Italian school of swordsmanship which is based on the surviving fencing treatises published by several 16th century fencing masters of Bologna,[1] As early as the 14th century several fencing masters were living and teaching in the city: a maestro Rosolino in 1338, a maestro Nerio in 1354, and a maestro Francesco in 1385.[2][3]

Overview edit

The Dardi school is named after Lippo Bartolomeo Dardi, a professor of mathematics and astronomy at the University of Bologna, who was licensed as a fencing master and founded a fencing school in Bologna in 1415, just a few years after Fiore dei Liberi had completed his Fior di Battaglia. The Dardi School constituted both the last great medieval Western martial arts tradition as well as the first great Renaissance tradition, embracing both armed and unarmed combat. No manuscript ascribed to Dardi himself survives, although his tradition became the foundation for the work of Antonio Manciolino and Achille Marozzo, both possibly students of famed Bolognese master Guido Antonio de Luca.[4][5]

The Bolognese masters whose treatises have survived shared a greater consistency of style, terminology and pedagogy with each other than with fencing masters of the period from other parts of Italy, thus justifying their treatment as a single school. The Dardi school focused primarily the single-handed spada da lato (side-sword) still used for both cutting and thrusting. The side-sword was used in combination with various defensive weapons, including a shield (brocchiero, rotella or targa), a dagger, a gauntlet or a cape. The two-handed sword or spadone was also still taught, although losing its prominence. In addition, instruction on fighting with the poleaxe and other polearms was given.[6][7][8]

Sources edit

A treatise on the gintilissima arte del schirmire ("most noble art of fencing") by a "Bolognese anonymus" (Anonimo Bolognese) was edited by Rubboli and Cesari (2005). It is dated to the "very first years of the 1500s" by the editors, but others have placed it closer to 1550.[9] It is a compilation preserved in a single manuscript version (in two parts), mss. 345/6 of the Biblioteca Classense in Ravenna.[10]

The Opera Nova of Antonio Manciolino was apparently first published in the early 1520s, but only a copy of the likely second edition, "newly revised and printed" in 1531, has survived. It was dedicated to Luis Fernández de Córdoba, Duke of Sessa (d. 1526), mentioned as imperial ambassador to Pope Adrian VI (r. 1522/23).[11]

Opera Nova dell'arte delle armi ("New Treatise on the Art of Arms") by Achille Marozzo was published in 1536 in Modena, dedicated to Count Rangoni. Considered the most important work on Italian fencing of the 16th century, it exemplifies techniques about fighting in a judicial duel with all the major weapons of the times and includes a large section on the conventions and rules of the duel.[12][13]

Angelo Viggiani's Lo Schermo was written around 1550 and published posthumously, ca. 1575.[14][15]

Giovanni dall'Agocchie, Dell'Arte di Scrimia, 1572. This work is unusually clear, a significant amount of material on the theory of swordsmanship along with many specific descriptions of the fundamentals.[16][17]

Girolamo Cavalcabo (Hieronyme Calvacabo, Hieronimo Cavalcabo) was trained in the Bolognese school of fencing, possibly under Angelo Viggiani dal Montone, and seems to have traveled to London, England in the 1580s or 1590s. While in London, he wrote a treatise on the use of the rapier entitled Nobilissimo discorso intorno il schermo ("Most Noble Discourse on Defense"), published in 1597. In the early 17th century, he served as fencing master at the court of Henry IV of France to prince Louis (the future Louis XIII).[18]

References edit

  1. ^ Leoni, Tom, tr. The Complete Renaissance Swordsman: A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons ~ Antonio Manciolino's Opera Nova (1531). Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 9-11. ISBN 978-0-9825911-3-0
  2. ^ Leoni, Tom, tr. The Complete Renaissance Swordsman: A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons ~ Antonio Manciolino's Opera Nova (1531). Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 9-11. ISBN 978-0-9825911-3-0
  3. ^ Orioli, Emilio (May 20–21, 1901). "La scherma a Bologna". Il Resto del Carlino, Italy. Print.
  4. ^ Mele, Gregory D. "Fighting Arts of the Renaissance ~ Bologna: City of Swordsmen." Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation. 2nd. Vol. I. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio Inc, 2010. 249-250. Print. ISBN 978-1-59884-243-2
  5. ^ Leoni, Tom, tr. The Complete Renaissance Swordsman: A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons ~ Antonio Manciolino's Opera Nova (1531). Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 9-11. ISBN 978-0-9825911-3-0
  6. ^ Leoni, Tom, tr. The Complete Renaissance Swordsman: A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons ~ Antonio Manciolino's Opera Nova (1531). Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 9-11. ISBN 978-0-9825911-3-0
  7. ^ Mele, Gregory D. "Fighting Arts of the Renaissance ~ Bologna: City of Swordsmen." Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation. 2nd. Vol. I. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio Inc, 2010. 249-250. Print. ISBN 978-1-59884-243-2
  8. ^ Mele, Gregory. "Bolognese Poleaxe Combat: A New Look at an Old Weapon." In the Service of Mars: Proceedings from the Western Martial Arts Workshop 1999–2009, Volume I. Ed. Gregory D. Mele. 1st ed. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 13-39. Print. ISBN 978-0-9825911-5-4
  9. ^ Mele, Gregory D. "Fighting Arts of the Renaissance ~ Bologna: City of Swordsmen." Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation. 2nd. Vol. I. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio Inc, 2010. 249-250. Print. ISBN 978-1-59884-243-2. Leoni, Tom, tr. The Complete Renaissance Swordsman: A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons ~ Antonio Manciolino's Opera Nova (1531). Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 9-11. ISBN 978-0-9825911-3-0
  10. ^ "345-6. Trattato della « gintilissima arte del schirmire », adesp[oto] e acef[alo] (Sec. xvi)." Giuseppe Mazzatinti, Inventari dei manoscritti delle biblioteche d'Italia vol. 4 (1894), p. 219.
  11. ^ Leoni, Tom, tr. The Complete Renaissance Swordsman: A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons ~ Antonio Manciolino's Opera Nova (1531). Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 9-11. ISBN 978-0-9825911-3-0
  12. ^ Mele, Gregory D. "Fighting Arts of the Renaissance ~ Bologna: City of Swordsmen." Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation. 2nd. Vol. I. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio Inc, 2010. 249-250. Print. ISBN 978-1-59884-243-2
  13. ^ Leoni, Tom, tr. The Complete Renaissance Swordsman: A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons ~ Antonio Manciolino's Opera Nova (1531). Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 9-11. ISBN 978-0-9825911-3-0
  14. ^ Mele, Gregory D. "Fighting Arts of the Renaissance ~ Bologna: City of Swordsmen." Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation. 2nd. Vol. I. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio Inc, 2010. 249-250. Print. ISBN 978-1-59884-243-2
  15. ^ Leoni, Tom, tr. The Complete Renaissance Swordsman: A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons ~ Antonio Manciolino's Opera Nova (1531). Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 9-11. ISBN 978-0-9825911-3-0
  16. ^ Mele, Gregory D. "Fighting Arts of the Renaissance ~ Bologna: City of Swordsmen." Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation. 2nd. Vol. I. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio Inc, 2010. 249-250. Print. ISBN 978-1-59884-243-2
  17. ^ Leoni, Tom, tr. The Complete Renaissance Swordsman: A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons ~ Antonio Manciolino's Opera Nova (1531). Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 9-11. ISBN 978-0-9825911-3-0
  18. ^ Runacres, Rob. Treatise or Instruction for Fencing: By Hieronymus Calvacabo of Bologna and Patenostrier of Rome. Lulu, 2015.

External links edit

  • Bolognese Swordsmanship: The Dardi School
  • by Tom Leoni
  • Site dedicated to the study of the Dardi tradition maintained by William E Wilson
  • Marozzo.com, a website dedicated to the Bolognese Swordsmanship maintained by Ilkka Hartikainen
  • Sala d'Arme Achille Marozzo, the greatest schools for the study of Bolognese Swordsmanship in Italy

April 08, 2024
bolognese, swordsmanship, also, sometimes, known, dardi, school, tradition, within, italian, school, swordsmanship, which, based, surviving, fencing, treatises, published, several, 16th, century, fencing, masters, bologna, early, 14th, century, several, fencin. Bolognese Swordsmanship also sometimes known as the Dardi school is a tradition within the Italian school of swordsmanship which is based on the surviving fencing treatises published by several 16th century fencing masters of Bologna 1 As early as the 14th century several fencing masters were living and teaching in the city a maestro Rosolino in 1338 a maestro Nerio in 1354 and a maestro Francesco in 1385 2 3 Contents 1 Overview 2 Sources 3 References 4 External linksOverview editThe Dardi school is named after Lippo Bartolomeo Dardi a professor of mathematics and astronomy at the University of Bologna who was licensed as a fencing master and founded a fencing school in Bologna in 1415 just a few years after Fiore dei Liberi had completed his Fior di Battaglia The Dardi School constituted both the last great medieval Western martial arts tradition as well as the first great Renaissance tradition embracing both armed and unarmed combat No manuscript ascribed to Dardi himself survives although his tradition became the foundation for the work of Antonio Manciolino and Achille Marozzo both possibly students of famed Bolognese master Guido Antonio de Luca 4 5 The Bolognese masters whose treatises have survived shared a greater consistency of style terminology and pedagogy with each other than with fencing masters of the period from other parts of Italy thus justifying their treatment as a single school The Dardi school focused primarily the single handed spada da lato side sword still used for both cutting and thrusting The side sword was used in combination with various defensive weapons including a shield brocchiero rotella or targa a dagger a gauntlet or a cape The two handed sword or spadone was also still taught although losing its prominence In addition instruction on fighting with the poleaxe and other polearms was given 6 7 8 Sources editA treatise on the gintilissima arte del schirmire most noble art of fencing by a Bolognese anonymus Anonimo Bolognese was edited by Rubboli and Cesari 2005 It is dated to the very first years of the 1500s by the editors but others have placed it closer to 1550 9 It is a compilation preserved in a single manuscript version in two parts mss 345 6 of the Biblioteca Classense in Ravenna 10 The Opera Nova of Antonio Manciolino was apparently first published in the early 1520s but only a copy of the likely second edition newly revised and printed in 1531 has survived It was dedicated to Luis Fernandez de Cordoba Duke of Sessa d 1526 mentioned as imperial ambassador to Pope Adrian VI r 1522 23 11 Opera Nova dell arte delle armi New Treatise on the Art of Arms by Achille Marozzo was published in 1536 in Modena dedicated to Count Rangoni Considered the most important work on Italian fencing of the 16th century it exemplifies techniques about fighting in a judicial duel with all the major weapons of the times and includes a large section on the conventions and rules of the duel 12 13 Angelo Viggiani s Lo Schermo was written around 1550 and published posthumously ca 1575 14 15 Giovanni dall Agocchie Dell Arte di Scrimia 1572 This work is unusually clear a significant amount of material on the theory of swordsmanship along with many specific descriptions of the fundamentals 16 17 Girolamo Cavalcabo Hieronyme Calvacabo Hieronimo Cavalcabo was trained in the Bolognese school of fencing possibly under Angelo Viggiani dal Montone and seems to have traveled to London England in the 1580s or 1590s While in London he wrote a treatise on the use of the rapier entitled Nobilissimo discorso intorno il schermo Most Noble Discourse on Defense published in 1597 In the early 17th century he served as fencing master at the court of Henry IV of France to prince Louis the future Louis XIII 18 References edit Leoni Tom tr The Complete Renaissance Swordsman A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons Antonio Manciolino s Opera Nova 1531 Wheaton IL Freelance Academy Press 2010 9 11 ISBN 978 0 9825911 3 0 Leoni Tom tr The Complete Renaissance Swordsman A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons Antonio Manciolino s Opera Nova 1531 Wheaton IL Freelance Academy Press 2010 9 11 ISBN 978 0 9825911 3 0 Orioli Emilio May 20 21 1901 La scherma a Bologna Il Resto del Carlino Italy Print Mele Gregory D Fighting Arts of the Renaissance Bologna City of Swordsmen Martial Arts of the World An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation 2nd Vol I Santa Barbara Calif ABC Clio Inc 2010 249 250 Print ISBN 978 1 59884 243 2 Leoni Tom tr The Complete Renaissance Swordsman A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons Antonio Manciolino s Opera Nova 1531 Wheaton IL Freelance Academy Press 2010 9 11 ISBN 978 0 9825911 3 0 Leoni Tom tr The Complete Renaissance Swordsman A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons Antonio Manciolino s Opera Nova 1531 Wheaton IL Freelance Academy Press 2010 9 11 ISBN 978 0 9825911 3 0 Mele Gregory D Fighting Arts of the Renaissance Bologna City of Swordsmen Martial Arts of the World An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation 2nd Vol I Santa Barbara Calif ABC Clio Inc 2010 249 250 Print ISBN 978 1 59884 243 2 Mele Gregory Bolognese Poleaxe Combat A New Look at an Old Weapon In the Service of Mars Proceedings from the Western Martial Arts Workshop 1999 2009 Volume I Ed Gregory D Mele 1st ed Wheaton IL Freelance Academy Press 2010 13 39 Print ISBN 978 0 9825911 5 4 Mele Gregory D Fighting Arts of the Renaissance Bologna City of Swordsmen Martial Arts of the World An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation 2nd Vol I Santa Barbara Calif ABC Clio Inc 2010 249 250 Print ISBN 978 1 59884 243 2 Leoni Tom tr The Complete Renaissance Swordsman A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons Antonio Manciolino s Opera Nova 1531 Wheaton IL Freelance Academy Press 2010 9 11 ISBN 978 0 9825911 3 0 345 6 Trattato della gintilissima arte del schirmire adesp oto e acef alo Sec xvi Giuseppe Mazzatinti Inventari dei manoscritti delle biblioteche d Italia vol 4 1894 p 219 Leoni Tom tr The Complete Renaissance Swordsman A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons Antonio Manciolino s Opera Nova 1531 Wheaton IL Freelance Academy Press 2010 9 11 ISBN 978 0 9825911 3 0 Mele Gregory D Fighting Arts of the Renaissance Bologna City of Swordsmen Martial Arts of the World An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation 2nd Vol I Santa Barbara Calif ABC Clio Inc 2010 249 250 Print ISBN 978 1 59884 243 2 Leoni Tom tr The Complete Renaissance Swordsman A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons Antonio Manciolino s Opera Nova 1531 Wheaton IL Freelance Academy Press 2010 9 11 ISBN 978 0 9825911 3 0 Mele Gregory D Fighting Arts of the Renaissance Bologna City of Swordsmen Martial Arts of the World An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation 2nd Vol I Santa Barbara Calif ABC Clio Inc 2010 249 250 Print ISBN 978 1 59884 243 2 Leoni Tom tr The Complete Renaissance Swordsman A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons Antonio Manciolino s Opera Nova 1531 Wheaton IL Freelance Academy Press 2010 9 11 ISBN 978 0 9825911 3 0 Mele Gregory D Fighting Arts of the Renaissance Bologna City of Swordsmen Martial Arts of the World An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation 2nd Vol I Santa Barbara Calif ABC Clio Inc 2010 249 250 Print ISBN 978 1 59884 243 2 Leoni Tom tr The Complete Renaissance Swordsman A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons Antonio Manciolino s Opera Nova 1531 Wheaton IL Freelance Academy Press 2010 9 11 ISBN 978 0 9825911 3 0 Runacres Rob Treatise or Instruction for Fencing By Hieronymus Calvacabo of Bologna and Patenostrier of Rome Lulu 2015 External links editBolognese Guards Bolognese Swordsmanship The Dardi School Bolognese Swordsmanship 2006 class handout by Tom Leoni Site dedicated to the study of the Dardi tradition maintained by William E Wilson Bolognese Masters at Scrimipedia Marozzo com a website dedicated to the Bolognese Swordsmanship maintained by Ilkka Hartikainen Sala d Arme Achille Marozzo the greatest schools for the study of Bolognese Swordsmanship in Italy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bolognese Swordsmanship amp oldid 920242462, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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