In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Salamanca and the second or maternal family name is Urey.
Daniel Domingo Salamanca Urey (8 July 1869 – 17 July 1935) was a Bolivian politician who served as the 33rd president of Bolivia from 1931 to 1934 until he was overthrown in a coup d'état on November 27, 1934, during the country's disastrous Chaco War with Paraguay.
Born in Cochabamba, Salamanca studied law, before being elected to Bolivia's Chamber of Deputies in 1899 for the Liberal Party. Two years later, President José Manuel Pando appointed him Finance Minister. Salamanca eventually split with the Liberals, however, and helped to found the new Republican Party, running unsuccessfully for Vice-President in 1917. Following the split of a faction opposed to the growing (some would say ruthless) ambitions of Republican leader Bautista Saavedra, the ascetic, professorial Salamanca founded, with a number of other men including Juan Maria Escalier, the so-called Genuine Republican Party (Partido Republicano Genuino). Salamanca himself ran for president on the Genuino ticket in the elections of 1925, but lost to Saavedra's handpicked successor, Hernando Siles.
Shaken by his defeats, Salamanca retired from politics and dedicated himself to teaching law. In the aftermath of the military overthrow of Hernando Siles in 1930, largely as a result of the Great Depression, Salamanca was asked to head a Republicano Genuino-Liberal coalition, with him at the head of the ticket and Liberal leader José Luis Tejada as his vice-presidential running mate. Salamanca was elected and took office in March 1931.
Presidency
Immediately upon assuming office, Salamanca introduced an unpopular austerity program and clamped down on political opposition to his government. In what was likely a measure to avert public attention to the economic problems still facing the country, he also revived hostilities with Paraguay in the disputed Chaco region. Indeed, Salamanca had been for a long time one of the "hawks" in Bolivian politics, advocating firmness against Paraguay in the territorial dispute. Upon taking office, his motto became "We must stand firm in the Chaco." Given that the parched region of the Gran Chaco (largely uninhabited) had been under dispute between Bolivia and Paraguay ever since the creation of both republics, each proceeded to establish a line of small garrisons (fortines), simply to establish a national presence and press their claims. Sporadic battles would occur, but cooler heads tended to prevail, especially because neither Bolivia nor Paraguay (the only landlocked and poorest countries in South America) could afford a full-scale war over the Chaco. Neither, however, relinquished much in their claim to the entire Chaco region either.
All of this changed when oil was found on the foothills of the Andes, deep in Bolivian territory. It was then widely assumed that the nearby Chaco also contained oil, possibly in vast quantities. In addition, the explosive economic and political situation prompted President Salamanca to use the dispute to shore up national unity and distract attention from his government's shortcomings. He ordered a stepped-up effort at establishing more fortines wherever Paraguay wasn't established already. A Bolivian army exploration unit was sent deep into the Chaco early in 1932, whereupon they chanced to find a large lake in the middle of the desert-like scrubland. It was a perfect location for a permanent garrison. Unfortunately, the lake—named Pitiantuta by the Paraguayans—turned out to be occupied by the Paraguayan military. Upon the arrival of the Bolivian expedition, a battle ensued and the Paraguayan troops fled. This, in essence, started the disastrous Chaco War (1932–1935).
The quick escalation of the war only exacerbated already severe economic problems in Bolivia (and in Paraguay), while causing many thousands of casualties. To make matters worse, Salamanca had very poor relations with the Bolivian high command from the beginning of the conflict, when he demoted a Bolivian general and placed the German Hans Kundt at the head of the country's armed forces at war. Kundt had led a military mission to Bolivia prior to World War I. A string of devastating defeats on the southern front of the war at the hands of the Paraguayans, who knew the terrain much better than the Bolivians (most of whom hailed from the Altiplano Highlands) precipitated Kundt's replacement by General Enrique Peñaranda at the end of 1933. Salamanca's relationship with the general only got worse, as the mercurial president (then in his mid 60s) tended to blame the military leadership for the continuing setbacks on the field. Things came to a head when Salamanca decided to replace Peñaranda and a number of his increasingly mutinous commandants.
Coup
On 27 November 1934, the Bolivian generals deposed Salamanca while he visited their headquarters at Villamontes to explain the reasons for the changes. Peñaranda and his coconspirators (Colonel Toro, Major Busch, and others) in the end decided to keep democratic appearances intact, and replaced Salamanca with his Vice President, the decidedly more pliable José Luis Tejada of the Liberal Party. It has been alleged that Tejada was in on the plot itself.
The elderly and sickly Salamanca at that point was allowed to "retire" to his native Cochabamba, where he died of stomach cancer less than a year later on July 1935, only days after the establishment of the cease-fire. A highly controversial figure, he was blamed by many for the war, while others respected him enormously as a man who did all he could to maintain his country's foothold on the Chaco without resorting to warfare but was betrayed by a mutinous and incompetent military high command. The rather dour, intellectual Salamanca is perhaps best remembered by two celebrated phrases of his: musing upon one of the many disastrous losses of his armies, he is reported to have said "I gave them everything they asked for – weapons, trucks, whatever they wanted; the one and only thing I could not give them was brains." He is also supposed to have remarked dryly to Peñaranda, upon the encirclement of the house where he was staying at Villamontes during the coup: "Congratulations General; you just completed your first and only successful military siege of the entire war."
daniel, salamanca, this, spanish, name, first, paternal, surname, salamanca, second, maternal, family, name, urey, daniel, domingo, salamanca, urey, july, 1869, july, 1935, bolivian, politician, served, 33rd, president, bolivia, from, 1931, 1934, until, overth. In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Salamanca and the second or maternal family name is Urey Daniel Domingo Salamanca Urey 8 July 1869 17 July 1935 was a Bolivian politician who served as the 33rd president of Bolivia from 1931 to 1934 until he was overthrown in a coup d etat on November 27 1934 during the country s disastrous Chaco War with Paraguay Daniel Salamanca33rd President of BoliviaIn office 5 March 1931 1 December 1934Vice PresidentJose Luis Tejada SorzanoPreceded byCarlos Blanco GalindoSucceeded byJose Luis Tejada SorzanoMinister of Finance and IndustryIn office 27 October 1903 15 April 1904PresidentJose Manuel PandoPreceded byIgnacio CalderonSucceeded byFidel ValdezPersonal detailsBornDaniel Domingo Salamanca Urey 1869 07 08 8 July 1869Cochabamba BoliviaDied17 July 1935 1935 07 17 aged 66 Cochabamba BoliviaCause of deathStomach cancerPolitical partyLiberal before 1914 Republican 1914 1921 Genuine Republican 1921 1935 SpouseSara UgarteParent s Jose Domingo SalamancaManuela UreySignature Contents 1 Political career 2 Presidency 3 Coup 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksPolitical career EditBorn in Cochabamba Salamanca studied law before being elected to Bolivia s Chamber of Deputies in 1899 for the Liberal Party Two years later President Jose Manuel Pando appointed him Finance Minister Salamanca eventually split with the Liberals however and helped to found the new Republican Party running unsuccessfully for Vice President in 1917 Following the split of a faction opposed to the growing some would say ruthless ambitions of Republican leader Bautista Saavedra the ascetic professorial Salamanca founded with a number of other men including Juan Maria Escalier the so called Genuine Republican Party Partido Republicano Genuino Salamanca himself ran for president on the Genuino ticket in the elections of 1925 but lost to Saavedra s handpicked successor Hernando Siles Shaken by his defeats Salamanca retired from politics and dedicated himself to teaching law In the aftermath of the military overthrow of Hernando Siles in 1930 largely as a result of the Great Depression Salamanca was asked to head a Republicano Genuino Liberal coalition with him at the head of the ticket and Liberal leader Jose Luis Tejada as his vice presidential running mate Salamanca was elected and took office in March 1931 Presidency EditImmediately upon assuming office Salamanca introduced an unpopular austerity program and clamped down on political opposition to his government In what was likely a measure to avert public attention to the economic problems still facing the country he also revived hostilities with Paraguay in the disputed Chaco region Indeed Salamanca had been for a long time one of the hawks in Bolivian politics advocating firmness against Paraguay in the territorial dispute Upon taking office his motto became We must stand firm in the Chaco Given that the parched region of the Gran Chaco largely uninhabited had been under dispute between Bolivia and Paraguay ever since the creation of both republics each proceeded to establish a line of small garrisons fortines simply to establish a national presence and press their claims Sporadic battles would occur but cooler heads tended to prevail especially because neither Bolivia nor Paraguay the only landlocked and poorest countries in South America could afford a full scale war over the Chaco Neither however relinquished much in their claim to the entire Chaco region either All of this changed when oil was found on the foothills of the Andes deep in Bolivian territory It was then widely assumed that the nearby Chaco also contained oil possibly in vast quantities In addition the explosive economic and political situation prompted President Salamanca to use the dispute to shore up national unity and distract attention from his government s shortcomings He ordered a stepped up effort at establishing more fortines wherever Paraguay wasn t established already A Bolivian army exploration unit was sent deep into the Chaco early in 1932 whereupon they chanced to find a large lake in the middle of the desert like scrubland It was a perfect location for a permanent garrison Unfortunately the lake named Pitiantuta by the Paraguayans turned out to be occupied by the Paraguayan military Upon the arrival of the Bolivian expedition a battle ensued and the Paraguayan troops fled This in essence started the disastrous Chaco War 1932 1935 The quick escalation of the war only exacerbated already severe economic problems in Bolivia and in Paraguay while causing many thousands of casualties To make matters worse Salamanca had very poor relations with the Bolivian high command from the beginning of the conflict when he demoted a Bolivian general and placed the German Hans Kundt at the head of the country s armed forces at war Kundt had led a military mission to Bolivia prior to World War I A string of devastating defeats on the southern front of the war at the hands of the Paraguayans who knew the terrain much better than the Bolivians most of whom hailed from the Altiplano Highlands precipitated Kundt s replacement by General Enrique Penaranda at the end of 1933 Salamanca s relationship with the general only got worse as the mercurial president then in his mid 60s tended to blame the military leadership for the continuing setbacks on the field Things came to a head when Salamanca decided to replace Penaranda and a number of his increasingly mutinous commandants Coup EditOn 27 November 1934 the Bolivian generals deposed Salamanca while he visited their headquarters at Villamontes to explain the reasons for the changes Penaranda and his coconspirators Colonel Toro Major Busch and others in the end decided to keep democratic appearances intact and replaced Salamanca with his Vice President the decidedly more pliable Jose Luis Tejada of the Liberal Party It has been alleged that Tejada was in on the plot itself The elderly and sickly Salamanca at that point was allowed to retire to his native Cochabamba where he died of stomach cancer less than a year later on July 1935 only days after the establishment of the cease fire A highly controversial figure he was blamed by many for the war while others respected him enormously as a man who did all he could to maintain his country s foothold on the Chaco without resorting to warfare but was betrayed by a mutinous and incompetent military high command The rather dour intellectual Salamanca is perhaps best remembered by two celebrated phrases of his musing upon one of the many disastrous losses of his armies he is reported to have said I gave them everything they asked for weapons trucks whatever they wanted the one and only thing I could not give them was brains He is also supposed to have remarked dryly to Penaranda upon the encirclement of the house where he was staying at Villamontes during the coup Congratulations General you just completed your first and only successful military siege of the entire war See also EditHistory of BoliviaReferences EditThis article does not cite any sources Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Daniel Salamanca news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message External links Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Daniel Salamanca Newspaper clippings about Daniel Salamanca in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Daniel Salamanca amp oldid 1125766317, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
