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D minor

February 13, 2023

D minor is a minor scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F, G, A, B♭, and C. Its key signature has one flat. Its relative major is F major and its parallel major is D major.

The D natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The D harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

Music in D minor

Of Domenico Scarlatti's 555 keyboard sonatas, 151 are in minor keys, and with 32 sonatas, D minor is the most often chosen minor key.

The Art of Fugue by Johann Sebastian Bach is in D minor.

Michael Haydn's only minor-key symphony, No. 29, is in D minor.

According to Alfred Einstein, the history of tuning has led D minor to be associated with counterpoint and chromaticism (for example, the chromatic fourth), and cites Bach's Chromatic Fantasia and Fugue in D minor.[1] Mozart's Requiem is written primarily in D minor, as are the famous Queen of the Night Aria, "Der Hölle Rache", the ouverture and the final scene of Don Giovanni. Of the two piano concertos that Mozart wrote in a minor key, one of them is in D minor: Piano Concerto No. 20, K. 466. Furthermore, his string quartet no. 13 K173 and string quartet no. 15 K421 (one of the high profile Haydn-quartets) are also in D minor.

The only chamber music compositions in D minor by Ludwig van Beethoven are his stormy Piano Sonata No. 17 and the haunting Largo of the Ghost Trio Op. 70/1. Franz Schubert's Death and the Maiden Quartet is in D minor. A number of Gabriel Fauré's chamber music works are written in D minor, including the Piano Trio Op. 120, the First Piano Quintet Op. 89, and the First Cello Sonata Op. 109. Arnold Schoenberg's Verklärte Nacht is in D minor, as is his String Quartet No. 1.

Since D minor is the key of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, Anton Bruckner felt apprehensive about writing his own Symphony No. 9 in the same key.[2] As well as Bruckner's First Mass, some other post-Beethoven symphonies are in D minor, including Symphony No. 4 by Robert Schumann, the only Symphony written by César Franck, and Symphony No. 3 by Gustav Mahler.

Jean Sibelius often reserved the key of D minor for compositions he saw as being of a noble character; the Violin Concerto, the Sixth Symphony, and the string quartet Voces intimae are each in the key.

The tonality of D minor held special significance for Helene and Alban Berg.[3]

D minor is particularly recurrent in the music of Sergei Rachmaninoff, with pieces written in the key occupying close to one eighth of his total compositional output, including the Third Piano Concerto, the Piano Sonata No. 1, the Symphony No. 1, the Trio élégiaque No. 2, the Études-Tableaux, Op. 33, No. 4 and Op. 39, No. 8, the Corelli Variations, and the symphonic poem Prince Rostislav.

Works in the classical music era and later beginning in minor typically end in major, or at least on a major chord (such as a picardy third), but there are a few notable examples of works in D minor ending in much sharper keys. Two symphonies that begin in D minor and end in E major are Havergal Brian's Gothic Symphony and Carl Nielsen's Symphony No. 4 (The Inextinguishable). Franz Liszt's Dante Symphony opens in D minor and ends in B major.

Similar to a D minor symphony ending in D major, as with Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, a D major symphony can have for its allegro first movement a slow introduction in D minor. Robbins Landon wrote that "Tonic minor Adagio introductions, especially in the key of D minor, were very popular with English composers of the year 1794", and Joseph Haydn copied this procedure for the D major symphonies he wrote in London.[4]

Film composer Hans Zimmer is one of the most prominent users of the key of D minor in modern times. Many of his well-known scores were written in the key; notable examples are Gladiator, The Dark Knight, Pirates of the Caribbean and The Da Vinci Code. His frequent use of the key has been noticed by reviewers such as Christian Clemmensen of Filmtracks.com, who has called the trend "ridiculous stubbornness".[5]

Notable compositions

See also: List of symphonies in D minor

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Alfred Einstein, Mozart, His Character, His Work, Chapter 10, "Mozart's Choice of Keys", New York: Oxford University Press (1945)
  2. ^ Hans-Hubert Schönzeler, Bruckner, London: Calder & Boyars (1978): 106–107. According to Göllerich, he [Bruckner] made the remark: "It really annoys me that the theme of my new symphony is in D minor, because everybody will say now: 'Of course, Bruckner's Ninth must be in the same key as Beethoven's!'"
  3. ^ Pople, Anthony (1997). "Early Works: Tonality and Beyond", The Cambridge Companion to Berg, p. 81. Pople, Anthony, ed. ISBN 0-521-56489-1.
  4. ^ H. C. Robbins Landon, Supplement to The Symphonies of Joseph Haydn London: Barrie & Rockliff (1961): 47
  5. ^ Clemmensen, Christian. "The Dark Knight Rises Review". Filmtracks.com. Retrieved 1 August 2012.

External links

  •   Media related to D minor at Wikimedia Commons

February 13, 2023
minor, minor, scale, based, consisting, pitches, signature, flat, relative, major, major, parallel, major, major, relative, keyf, majorparallel, keyd, majordominant, keya, minorsubdominantg, minorcomponent, pitchesd, cthe, natural, minor, scale, source, audio,. D minor is a minor scale based on D consisting of the pitches D E F G A B and C Its key signature has one flat Its relative major is F major and its parallel major is D major D minorRelative keyF majorParallel keyD majorDominant keyA minorSubdominantG minorComponent pitchesD E F G A B CThe D natural minor scale is source Audio playback is not supported in your browser You can download the audio file Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary The D harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are source Audio playback is not supported in your browser You can download the audio file source Audio playback is not supported in your browser You can download the audio file Contents 1 Music in D minor 2 Notable compositions 3 See also 4 Notes 5 External linksMusic in D minor EditOf Domenico Scarlatti s 555 keyboard sonatas 151 are in minor keys and with 32 sonatas D minor is the most often chosen minor key The Art of Fugue by Johann Sebastian Bach is in D minor Michael Haydn s only minor key symphony No 29 is in D minor According to Alfred Einstein the history of tuning has led D minor to be associated with counterpoint and chromaticism for example the chromatic fourth and cites Bach s Chromatic Fantasia and Fugue in D minor 1 Mozart s Requiem is written primarily in D minor as are the famous Queen of the Night Aria Der Holle Rache the ouverture and the final scene of Don Giovanni Of the two piano concertos that Mozart wrote in a minor key one of them is in D minor Piano Concerto No 20 K 466 Furthermore his string quartet no 13 K173 and string quartet no 15 K421 one of the high profile Haydn quartets are also in D minor The only chamber music compositions in D minor by Ludwig van Beethoven are his stormy Piano Sonata No 17 and the haunting Largo of the Ghost Trio Op 70 1 Franz Schubert s Death and the Maiden Quartet is in D minor A number of Gabriel Faure s chamber music works are written in D minor including the Piano Trio Op 120 the First Piano Quintet Op 89 and the First Cello Sonata Op 109 Arnold Schoenberg s Verklarte Nacht is in D minor as is his String Quartet No 1 Since D minor is the key of Beethoven s Symphony No 9 Anton Bruckner felt apprehensive about writing his own Symphony No 9 in the same key 2 As well as Bruckner s First Mass some other post Beethoven symphonies are in D minor including Symphony No 4 by Robert Schumann the only Symphony written by Cesar Franck and Symphony No 3 by Gustav Mahler Jean Sibelius often reserved the key of D minor for compositions he saw as being of a noble character the Violin Concerto the Sixth Symphony and the string quartet Voces intimae are each in the key The tonality of D minor held special significance for Helene and Alban Berg 3 D minor is particularly recurrent in the music of Sergei Rachmaninoff with pieces written in the key occupying close to one eighth of his total compositional output including the Third Piano Concerto the Piano Sonata No 1 the Symphony No 1 the Trio elegiaque No 2 the Etudes Tableaux Op 33 No 4 and Op 39 No 8 the Corelli Variations and the symphonic poem Prince Rostislav Works in the classical music era and later beginning in minor typically end in major or at least on a major chord such as a picardy third but there are a few notable examples of works in D minor ending in much sharper keys Two symphonies that begin in D minor and end in E major are Havergal Brian s Gothic Symphony and Carl Nielsen s Symphony No 4 The Inextinguishable Franz Liszt s Dante Symphony opens in D minor and ends in B major Similar to a D minor symphony ending in D major as with Beethoven s Symphony No 9 a D major symphony can have for its allegro first movement a slow introduction in D minor Robbins Landon wrote that Tonic minor Adagio introductions especially in the key of D minor were very popular with English composers of the year 1794 and Joseph Haydn copied this procedure for the D major symphonies he wrote in London 4 Film composer Hans Zimmer is one of the most prominent users of the key of D minor in modern times Many of his well known scores were written in the key notable examples are Gladiator The Dark Knight Pirates of the Caribbean and The Da Vinci Code His frequent use of the key has been noticed by reviewers such as Christian Clemmensen of Filmtracks com who has called the trend ridiculous stubbornness 5 Notable compositions EditSee also List of symphonies in D minor Johann Sebastian Bach Toccata and Fugue in D minor BWV 565 Chromatic Fantasia and Fugue BWV 903 Harpsichord Concerto No 1 BWV 1052 Cello Suite No 2 BWV 1008 Concerto for Two Violins BWV 1043 The Art of Fugue BWV 1080 Partita for solo violin No 2 in D minor BWV 1004 Joseph Haydn Symphony No 26 Lamentatione String Quartet in D minor Hob III 76 Fifths Michael Haydn Symphony No 29 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Kyrie in D minor K 341 Fantasia in D minor K 397 String Quartet No 15 K 421 Piano Concerto No 20 K 466 Requiem K 626 Ludwig van Beethoven Piano Sonata No 17 Op 31 No 2 Tempest Symphony No 9 Op 125 Choral Franz Schubert String Quartet No 14 Death and the Maiden Felix Mendelssohn Piano Concerto No 2 Op 40 Piano Trio No 1 Op 49 Symphony No 5 Reformation Frederic Chopin Prelude Op 28 No 24 Storm Polonaise Op 71 No 1 Charles Valentin Alkan Le chemin de fer Op 27 En rythme molossique No 2 from 12 etudes in all the minor keys Op 39 Franz Liszt Transcendental Etude No 4 Mazeppa from S 139 Mazeppa S 100 symphonic poem Robert Schumann Violin Concerto WoO 23 Symphony No 4 Op 120 Cesar Franck Symphony in D minor Edouard Lalo Cello Concerto Anton Bruckner Symphony in D minor Symphony No 3 March in D minor Mass No 1 Symphony No 9 unfinished Johannes Brahms Piano Concerto No 1 Op 15 Tragic Overture Violin Sonata No 3 Op 108 Modest Mussorgsky Night on Bald Mountain Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Orchestral Suite No 1 Op 43 Antonin Dvorak Symphony No 4 Op 13 B 41 Symphony No 7 Op 70 B 141 Gabriel Faure Requiem Faure Op 44 Gustav Mahler Symphony No 3 Jean Sibelius Violin Concerto Op 47 String Quartet Voces intimae Op 56 Symphony No 6 Op 104 Ralph Vaughan Williams Symphony No 8 Sergei Rachmaninoff Symphony No 1 Op 13 Piano Sonata No 1 Op 28 Piano Concerto No 3 Op 30 Sergei Prokofiev Symphony No 2 Op 40 Piano Sonata No 2 Op 14 Dmitri Shostakovich Cello Sonata Op 40 Symphony No 5 Op 47See also EditChord music Chord notation Key music Major and minorNotes Edit Alfred Einstein Mozart His Character His Work Chapter 10 Mozart s Choice of Keys New York Oxford University Press 1945 Hans Hubert Schonzeler Bruckner London Calder amp Boyars 1978 106 107 According to Gollerich he Bruckner made the remark It really annoys me that the theme of my new symphony is in D minor because everybody will say now Of course Bruckner s Ninth must be in the same key as Beethoven s Pople Anthony 1997 Early Works Tonality and Beyond The Cambridge Companion to Berg p 81 Pople Anthony ed ISBN 0 521 56489 1 H C Robbins Landon Supplement to The Symphonies of Joseph Haydn London Barrie amp Rockliff 1961 47 Clemmensen Christian The Dark Knight Rises Review Filmtracks com Retrieved 1 August 2012 External links Edit Media related to D minor at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title D minor amp oldid 1138890494, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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