The Constitution of Dáil Éireann (Irish: Bunreacht Dála Éireann), more commonly known as the Dáil Constitution, was the constitution of the 1919–22 Irish Republic.[1] It was adopted by the First Dáil at its first meeting on 21 January 1919 and remained in operation until 6 December 1922. As adopted it consisted of five articles. Article 1 declared that the Dáil had "full powers to legislate" and would consist of representatives elected in elections conducted by the British government. For the exercise of executive power it created a cabinet, answerable to the Dáil, called the Ministry (Irish: Aireacht), headed by a prime minister called the "Príomh Aire" (in practice also known as the President of Dáil Éireann). The constitution was limited to an outline of the functions of the legislature and the executive; the Dáil later established a system of Dáil Courts, but there was no provision in the constitution on a judiciary. The final article of the constitution declared that it was intended to be a provisional document, in the sense that it was subject to amendment. As adopted the constitution came to only around 370 words. In comparison, the modern Constitution of Ireland has approximately 16,000 words. Overall, the structure of the document was as follows:
1 April 1919: Five amendments were made to the constitution on this day:
Allowed for the nomination of the members of the Ministry at the same meeting as the election of the President.[2]
Allowed for the nomination in writing by the President of a President-Substitute in periods of temporary absences.[3]
Allowed for the appointment of a Minister-Substitute in periods of temporary absences.[4]
Increased the maximum number of ministers from four to "a President of the Ministry elected by Dáil Eireann, and not more than nine Executive Officers".[5]
provided that twice yearly auditing of accounts would not begin until November 1919.[6]
25 August 1921: The style of the head of the ministry was amended to "the President who shall also be Prime Minister", and reduced the cabinet to six members. The amendment also made further changes to the dates mentioned in Article 4. This made more explicit the idea that the head of the ministry was both head of state and head of government.[7]
Following the change to the Constitution in 1921, Éamon de Valera was proposed and elected as President of the Irish Republic, rather than President of Dáil Éireann.[8]
Operation after the Treatyedit
After the ratification of the Anglo-Irish Treaty by the Dáil on 7 January 1922, de Valera left office in 1922. Those elected to the position of president were styled again as President of Dáil Éireann: Arthur Griffith on 10 January 1922 and W. T. Cosgrave on 9 September 1922.
In order to implement the Treaty the Parliament of the United Kingdom adopted the Irish Free State (Agreement) Act 1922. This provided for an executive, called the Provisional Government, and a "house of parliament" to which it would be accountable. The institutions established by the Dáil Constitution operated in parallel with these structures recognised by the British government. However, in practice the two systems of government were eventually merged. When the "house of parliament" was convened in 1922 on 9 September it was treated by those in attendance as the Third Dáil, and those appointed as president and Ministry of Dáil Éireann were the same cabinet serving as the Provisional Government.
The constitution's close modelling of its institutional system on the Westminster system of government, specifically with the inclusion of a parliament from whom a ministry was both chosen and to whom it was answerable, has been noted by Irish political scientists and historians, notably Professor Brian Farrell, who suggested that the leaders of the new state stuck to a system that, through Irish participation in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the new Irish political elite had close experience of, and identification with, notwithstanding their radical republican rhetoric.[citation needed]
Referencesedit
^"Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 21 January 1919: 4. BUNREACHT DALA EIREANN". Houses of the Oireachtas. from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
^"Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 1 April 1919: AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION - AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE 2 (d)". Houses of the Oireachtas. from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
^"Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 1 April 1919: AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION - ADDITION TO ARTICLE 2". Houses of the Oireachtas. from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
^"Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 1 April 1919: AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION - FURTHER ADDITION TO ARTICLE 2". Houses of the Oireachtas. from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
^"Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 1 April 1919: AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION - AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE 2 (b)". Houses of the Oireachtas. from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
^"Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 1 April 1919: AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION - AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE 4". Houses of the Oireachtas. from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
^"Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 10 January 1922: APPENDIX 1 Dáil Éireann Constitution (As amended 25th August, 1921)". Houses of the Oireachtas. from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
^"Dáil Éireann debate - Friday, 26 August 1921: ELECTION OF PRESIDENT". Houses of the Oireachtas. from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
External linksedit
Wikisource has several original texts related to Dáil Constitution.
Full texts from Wikisource:
Original text in English
Original text in Irish
Text as amended in April 1919
Text as amended in August 1921
March 14, 2024
dáil, constitution, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, february, 2013, learn, when, remove, this, template, messa. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Constitution of Dail Eireann Irish Bunreacht Dala Eireann more commonly known as the Dail Constitution was the constitution of the 1919 22 Irish Republic 1 It was adopted by the First Dail at its first meeting on 21 January 1919 and remained in operation until 6 December 1922 As adopted it consisted of five articles Article 1 declared that the Dail had full powers to legislate and would consist of representatives elected in elections conducted by the British government For the exercise of executive power it created a cabinet answerable to the Dail called the Ministry Irish Aireacht headed by a prime minister called the Priomh Aire in practice also known as the President of Dail Eireann The constitution was limited to an outline of the functions of the legislature and the executive the Dail later established a system of Dail Courts but there was no provision in the constitution on a judiciary The final article of the constitution declared that it was intended to be a provisional document in the sense that it was subject to amendment As adopted the constitution came to only around 370 words In comparison the modern Constitution of Ireland has approximately 16 000 words Overall the structure of the document was as follows Article 1 Dail Eireann Article 2 Ministry of Dail Eireann Article 3 Chairman of the Dail Article 4 Finance Article 5 AmendmentsContents 1 Amendments 2 Operation after the Treaty 3 Commentary 4 References 5 External linksAmendments edit1 April 1919 Five amendments were made to the constitution on this day Allowed for the nomination of the members of the Ministry at the same meeting as the election of the President 2 Allowed for the nomination in writing by the President of a President Substitute in periods of temporary absences 3 Allowed for the appointment of a Minister Substitute in periods of temporary absences 4 Increased the maximum number of ministers from four to a President of the Ministry elected by Dail Eireann and not more than nine Executive Officers 5 provided that twice yearly auditing of accounts would not begin until November 1919 6 25 August 1921 The style of the head of the ministry was amended to the President who shall also be Prime Minister and reduced the cabinet to six members The amendment also made further changes to the dates mentioned in Article 4 This made more explicit the idea that the head of the ministry was both head of state and head of government 7 Following the change to the Constitution in 1921 Eamon de Valera was proposed and elected as President of the Irish Republic rather than President of Dail Eireann 8 Operation after the Treaty editAfter the ratification of the Anglo Irish Treaty by the Dail on 7 January 1922 de Valera left office in 1922 Those elected to the position of president were styled again as President of Dail Eireann Arthur Griffith on 10 January 1922 and W T Cosgrave on 9 September 1922 In order to implement the Treaty the Parliament of the United Kingdom adopted the Irish Free State Agreement Act 1922 This provided for an executive called the Provisional Government and a house of parliament to which it would be accountable The institutions established by the Dail Constitution operated in parallel with these structures recognised by the British government However in practice the two systems of government were eventually merged When the house of parliament was convened in 1922 on 9 September it was treated by those in attendance as the Third Dail and those appointed as president and Ministry of Dail Eireann were the same cabinet serving as the Provisional Government The Dail Constitution finally became defunct when the new Constitution of the Irish Free State came into force on 6 December 1922 Commentary editThe constitution s close modelling of its institutional system on the Westminster system of government specifically with the inclusion of a parliament from whom a ministry was both chosen and to whom it was answerable has been noted by Irish political scientists and historians notably Professor Brian Farrell who suggested that the leaders of the new state stuck to a system that through Irish participation in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the new Irish political elite had close experience of and identification with notwithstanding their radical republican rhetoric citation needed References edit Dail Eireann debate Tuesday 21 January 1919 4 BUNREACHT DALA EIREANN Houses of the Oireachtas Archived from the original on 6 September 2019 Retrieved 6 September 2019 Dail Eireann debate Tuesday 1 April 1919 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE 2 d Houses of the Oireachtas Archived from the original on 6 September 2019 Retrieved 6 September 2019 Dail Eireann debate Tuesday 1 April 1919 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION ADDITION TO ARTICLE 2 Houses of the Oireachtas Archived from the original on 6 September 2019 Retrieved 6 September 2019 Dail Eireann debate Tuesday 1 April 1919 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION FURTHER ADDITION TO ARTICLE 2 Houses of the Oireachtas Archived from the original on 31 August 2019 Retrieved 6 September 2019 Dail Eireann debate Tuesday 1 April 1919 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE 2 b Houses of the Oireachtas Archived from the original on 31 August 2019 Retrieved 6 September 2019 Dail Eireann debate Tuesday 1 April 1919 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE 4 Houses of the Oireachtas Archived from the original on 31 August 2019 Retrieved 6 September 2019 Dail Eireann debate Tuesday 10 January 1922 APPENDIX 1 Dail Eireann Constitution As amended 25th August 1921 Houses of the Oireachtas Archived from the original on 20 October 2019 Retrieved 7 September 2019 Dail Eireann debate Friday 26 August 1921 ELECTION OF PRESIDENT Houses of the Oireachtas Archived from the original on 31 August 2019 Retrieved 6 September 2019 External links edit nbsp Wikisource has several original texts related to Dail Constitution Full texts from Wikisource Original text in English Original text in Irish Text as amended in April 1919 Text as amended in August 1921 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dail Constitution amp oldid 1101006764, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
