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Czesław Michniewicz

Czesław Michniewicz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʂɛswaf mixˈɲɛvit͡ʂ]; born 12 February 1970) is a Polish football manager and former player who most recently managed Saudi Professional League side Abha. He managed the Poland national team in 2022.

Czesław Michniewicz
Michniewicz with Legia Warszawa in 2021
Personal information
Date of birth (1970-02-12) 12 February 1970 (age 53)
Place of birth Byarozawka, Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union
Height 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in)
Position(s) Goalkeeper
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1978–1985 Ossa Biskupiec Pomorski
1985–1993 Bałtyk Gdynia
1993–1996 Polonia Gdańsk
1996–2000 Amica Wronki 9 (0)
Managerial career
2003–2006 Lech Poznań
2006–2007 Zagłębie Lubin
2008–2009 Arka Gdynia
2010–2011 Widzew Łódź
2011 Jagiellonia Białystok
2012 Polonia Warsaw
2013 Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała
2015–2016 Pogoń Szczecin
2016–2017 Bruk-Bet Termalica Nieciecza
2017–2020 Poland U21
2020–2021 Legia Warsaw
2022 Poland
2023 Abha
*Club domestic league appearances and goals

Managerial career Edit

Early years Edit

In September 2003, Michniewicz was appointed as the manager of Lech Poznań. He led the side to the 2003–04 Polish Cup and Polish Super Cup titles. He left the club in June 2006. In October 2006, he was appointed manager of Ekstraklasa side Zagłębie Lubin, leading the club to the 2006–07 league title. In October 2007, he was relieved of his duties. From 8 July 2008 to 12 April 2009 he managed Arka Gdynia in the Ekstraklasa. From 15 November 2010 until 30 June 2011, he managed Widzew Łódź.[1] On 22 July 2011, he was appointed as the manager of Jagiellonia Białystok, but left the position on 22 December 2011 by mutual consent. On 28 March 2012, Michniewicz was named as the new coach of Polonia Warsaw, which he led until 8 May 2012.[2]

 
Michniewicz managing Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała in 2013

From 22 March to 22 October 2013, he managed Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała. After a year and a half pause, he was hired as the coach of Pogoń Szczecin. Michniewicz's side finished the league at sixth place in the 2015–16 season. Despite the best result in years, his contract was not renewed and he left the club on 30 June 2016. From 1 July 2016 to 22 March 2017, he was in charge of Bruk-Bet Termalica Nieciecza in Ekstraklasa.

Poland national under-21 football team Edit

On 7 July 2017, he was appointed as the coach of the Poland under-21 national team. After defeating Portugal in the play-offs, Poland under his leadership qualified for the first time since 1994 for the final tournament of the 2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship. On 15 October 2020, he was replaced by Maciej Stolarczyk.[3]

Legia Warsaw Edit

On 21 September 2020, he was appointed as the coach of Legia Warsaw.[4] In his debut Legia won 2–0 over FC Drita at the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League qualifiers. On 18 October 2020, he made his Ekstraklasa debut, as Legia won 2–1 over Zagłębie Lubin.[5] On 11 December 2020, he was named Ekstraklasa's Coach of the Month after Legia's successful run in November.[6] He was awarded the same distinction for March 2021, as his team completed the campaign in the above-mentioned month without any defeat.[7] On 28 April 2021, Michniewicz won his second Polish Championship after 0–0 draw between Jagiellonia Białystok and Raków Częstochowa (as the latter team had already lost mathematical chances of catching up with Legia), with three games to spare.[8]

On 26 August 2021, Legia led by Michniewicz defeated SK Slavia Prague, and for the first time in five years qualified for the group stages of a European cup.[9] They would face Leicester City, Napoli and Spartak Moscow in the UEFA Europa League group stage.[10]

Although Legia led their group after wins against Spartak Moscow and Leicester City,[11] they struggled in the league. After four consecutive defeats, managing nine points in ten fixtures and sitting 15th in the table,[12] Michniewicz was dismissed on 25 October 2021.[13]

Poland national team Edit

On 31 January 2022, Michniewicz was named as the new manager of Poland, signing a deal until 31 December 2022 with an extension option,[14] following the previous manager Paulo Sousa's decision to join Flamengo three months before Poland's first 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification play-offs game.[15] He was scheduled to make his debut against Russia in Moscow,[16] prior to the disqualification of Russia.[17] On 24 March, Poland played their first match under Michniewicz, a 1–1 draw in a friendly against Scotland.[18]

On 29 March 2022, Michniewicz led Poland to a 2–0 victory over Sweden in the World Cup qualification play-off final.[19] On 30 November 2022, Poland advanced to the knockout stage of the 2022 FIFA World Cup for the first time since 1986 under the lead of Michniewicz.[20]

On 22 December 2022, following criticism of the national team's defensive tactics and style of play under Michniewicz by the media,[21] a turmoil regarding bonuses for national team players and staff,[22] Michniewicz blocking several journalists on Twitter before deleting his account,[23] and reportedly shouldering part of the blame for the media fallout on team manager Jakub Kwiatkowski,[24] it was announced Michniewicz's contract would not be extended and he was to leave his post on 31 December 2022.[25]

Abha Edit

On 12 June 2023, Michniewicz was announced as the new manager of Saudi club Abha.[26] Following a good start to his stint, Abha suffered four straight league defeats in September, which led to Michniewicz's dismissal on 1 October 2023.[27]

Personal life Edit

 
Michniewicz in 2010

Michniewicz was born in Byarozawka, then in the Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union (present-day Belarus), while his mother was visiting her family; but grew up in Biskupiec, Poland.[28] On 20 June 1998, he married Grażyna Rzewuska, with whom he has two sons: Mateusz (born 22 January 2001) and Jakub (born 13 August 2003).[29]

Managerial statistics Edit

As of 1 October 2023[30]
Managerial record by team and tenure
Team Nation From To Record
G W D L Win %
Lech Poznań   15 September 2003 17 May 2006 108 45 27 36 041.67
Zagłębie Lubin   3 October 2006 22 October 2007 37 21 7 9 056.76
Arka Gdynia   8 July 2008 12 April 2009 33 12 10 11 036.36
Widzew Łódź   15 November 2010 22 June 2011 17 8 4 5 047.06
Jagiellonia Białystok   22 July 2011 22 November 2011 18 6 4 8 033.33
Polonia Warsaw   28 March 2012 9 May 2012 7 2 1 4 028.57
Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała   22 March 2013 22 October 2013 24 7 8 9 029.17
Pogoń Szczecin   9 April 2015 17 May 2016 49 15 18 16 030.61
Bruk-Bet Termalica Nieciecza   6 June 2016 22 March 2017 27 10 6 11 037.04
Poland U21   7 July 2017 14 October 2020 27 14 7 6 051.85
Legia Warsaw   21 September 2020 25 October 2021 55 31 11 13 056.36
Poland   31 January 2022 31 December 2022 13 5 3 5 038.46
Abha   12 June 2023 1 October 2023 9 3 0 6 033.33
Total 425 179 106 140 042.12

Honours Edit

Player Edit

Amica Wronki

Manager Edit

Lech Poznań

Zagłebie Lubin

Legia Warsaw

Individual

References Edit

  1. ^ Michniewicz nowym trenerem Widzewa 15 November 2010, wp.pl
  2. ^ . FIFA.com. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012.
  3. ^ "Maciej Stolarczyk trenerem reprezentacji młodzieżowej" (in Polish). 90minut.pl. 15 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  4. ^ "Czesław Michniewicz trenerem Legii" (in Polish). 90minut.pl. 21 September 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  5. ^ "Legia odrabia straty" (in Polish). 90minut.pl. 18 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  6. ^ (in Polish). Ekstraklasa. 11 December 2020. Archived from the original on 11 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  7. ^ (in Polish). Ekstraklasa. 8 April 2021. Archived from the original on 8 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  8. ^ "Legia mistrzem Polski". 90minut.pl. 28 April 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  9. ^ "Legia Warszawa w fazie grupowej Ligi Europy. Slavia Praga odprawiona na Łazienkowskiej". PolskieRadio24.pl (in Polish).
  10. ^ "Europa League draw: Legia Warsaw to play Napoli, Leicester, Spartak". PolskieRadio.pl.
  11. ^ "Liga Europy: Szalony mecz w grupie Legii Warszawa. Leicester wygrało w Moskwie". www.polsatsport.pl (in Polish).
  12. ^ "Kolejna porażka Legii w lidze. "Wojskowi" ulegli Piastowi 1:4". www.rdc.pl (in Polish).
  13. ^ "Komunikat klubu w sprawie zmian w sztabie szkoleniowym" (in Polish). Legia Warsaw. 25 October 2021.
  14. ^ "Czesław Michniewicz selekcjonerem reprezentacji Polski" (Press release) (in Polish). Polish Press Agency. 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  15. ^ "Portugal's Paulo Sousa leaves Poland to be Flamengo coach". France 24. 29 December 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  16. ^ "Reprezentacja Polski. Czesław Michniewicz: jesteśmy delikatnym faworytem w starciu z Rosją" (in Polish). TVP Sport. 1 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  17. ^ "Fifa and Uefa suspend all Russian teams". BBC Sport. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  18. ^ "Wynik lepszy niż gra. Polacy zawiedli w debiucie Michniewicza" (in Polish). TVP Info. 24 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  19. ^ "Mistrzostwa świata 2022. Reprezentacja Polski pokonała Szwecję i pojedzie na mundial w Katarze" [The 2022 World Cup. The Polish national team defeated Sweden and will play at the World Cup in Qatar] (in Polish). TVP Info. 29 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  20. ^ Phil Hay (30 November 2022). "How Argentina advanced out of Group C in victory over Poland: Live World Cup updates". The Athletic.
  21. ^ "Czesław Michniewicz odpiera krytykę. "Zasłużyliśmy na nagrodę"". sportowefakty.wp.pl (in Polish). 3 December 2022.
  22. ^ "Podwójna rola Jakuba Kwiatkowskiego. Nowe fakty ws. "afery premiowej"". sport.pl (in Polish). 21 December 2022.
  23. ^ "Reprezentacja Polski. Czesław Michniewicz zniknął z Twittera. "To konto nie istnieje"". gol24.pl (in Polish). 16 December 2022.
  24. ^ "Reprezentacja Polski. Media. Konflikt na linii Czesław Michniewicz – Jakub Kwiatkowski? Kolejne szokujące informacje". sport.tvp.pl (in Polish). 17 December 2022.
  25. ^ "Komunikat Polskiego Związku Piłki Nożnej 22.12.2022" (in Polish). Polski Związek Piłki Nożnej. 22 December 2022.
  26. ^ "Czesław Michniewicz nowym trenerem saudyjskiego Abha Club". eurosport.tvn24.pl (in Polish). 12 June 2023.
  27. ^ "Czesław Michniewicz zwolniony! Jest komunikat klubu". sport.fakt.pl (in Polish). 1 October 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  28. ^ Michniewicz, Czesław. "About me » About me." Official Website. Poznań: Sportwin. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
  29. ^ Michniewicz, Czesław. "About me » Family". Official Website. Poznań: Sportwin. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
  30. ^ "Czesław Michniewicz career sheet". footballdatabase. footballdatabase. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  31. ^ "Trener Listopada 2020: Czesław Michniewicz" (in Polish). Ekstraklasa. 11 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  32. ^ "Trener Marca 2021: Czesław Michniewicz" (in Polish). Ekstraklasa. 8 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.

External links Edit

  • Official website
  • Czesław Michniewicz at 90minut.pl (in Polish)

czesław, michniewicz, polish, pronunciation, ʂɛswaf, mixˈɲɛvit, born, february, 1970, polish, football, manager, former, player, most, recently, managed, saudi, professional, league, side, abha, managed, poland, national, team, 2022, michniewicz, with, legia, . Czeslaw Michniewicz Polish pronunciation ˈt ʂɛswaf mixˈɲɛvit ʂ born 12 February 1970 is a Polish football manager and former player who most recently managed Saudi Professional League side Abha He managed the Poland national team in 2022 Czeslaw MichniewiczMichniewicz with Legia Warszawa in 2021Personal informationDate of birth 1970 02 12 12 February 1970 age 53 Place of birthByarozawka Byelorussian SSR Soviet UnionHeight1 88 m 6 ft 2 in Position s GoalkeeperSenior career YearsTeamApps Gls 1978 1985Ossa Biskupiec Pomorski1985 1993Baltyk Gdynia1993 1996Polonia Gdansk1996 2000Amica Wronki9 0 Managerial career2003 2006Lech Poznan2006 2007Zaglebie Lubin2008 2009Arka Gdynia2010 2011Widzew Lodz2011Jagiellonia Bialystok2012Polonia Warsaw2013Podbeskidzie Bielsko Biala2015 2016Pogon Szczecin2016 2017Bruk Bet Termalica Nieciecza2017 2020Poland U212020 2021Legia Warsaw2022Poland2023Abha Club domestic league appearances and goals Contents 1 Managerial career 1 1 Early years 1 2 Poland national under 21 football team 1 3 Legia Warsaw 1 4 Poland national team 1 5 Abha 2 Personal life 3 Managerial statistics 4 Honours 4 1 Player 4 2 Manager 5 References 6 External linksManagerial career EditEarly years Edit In September 2003 Michniewicz was appointed as the manager of Lech Poznan He led the side to the 2003 04 Polish Cup and Polish Super Cup titles He left the club in June 2006 In October 2006 he was appointed manager of Ekstraklasa side Zaglebie Lubin leading the club to the 2006 07 league title In October 2007 he was relieved of his duties From 8 July 2008 to 12 April 2009 he managed Arka Gdynia in the Ekstraklasa From 15 November 2010 until 30 June 2011 he managed Widzew Lodz 1 On 22 July 2011 he was appointed as the manager of Jagiellonia Bialystok but left the position on 22 December 2011 by mutual consent On 28 March 2012 Michniewicz was named as the new coach of Polonia Warsaw which he led until 8 May 2012 2 nbsp Michniewicz managing Podbeskidzie Bielsko Biala in 2013From 22 March to 22 October 2013 he managed Podbeskidzie Bielsko Biala After a year and a half pause he was hired as the coach of Pogon Szczecin Michniewicz s side finished the league at sixth place in the 2015 16 season Despite the best result in years his contract was not renewed and he left the club on 30 June 2016 From 1 July 2016 to 22 March 2017 he was in charge of Bruk Bet Termalica Nieciecza in Ekstraklasa Poland national under 21 football team Edit On 7 July 2017 he was appointed as the coach of the Poland under 21 national team After defeating Portugal in the play offs Poland under his leadership qualified for the first time since 1994 for the final tournament of the 2019 UEFA European Under 21 Championship On 15 October 2020 he was replaced by Maciej Stolarczyk 3 Legia Warsaw Edit On 21 September 2020 he was appointed as the coach of Legia Warsaw 4 In his debut Legia won 2 0 over FC Drita at the 2020 21 UEFA Europa League qualifiers On 18 October 2020 he made his Ekstraklasa debut as Legia won 2 1 over Zaglebie Lubin 5 On 11 December 2020 he was named Ekstraklasa s Coach of the Month after Legia s successful run in November 6 He was awarded the same distinction for March 2021 as his team completed the campaign in the above mentioned month without any defeat 7 On 28 April 2021 Michniewicz won his second Polish Championship after 0 0 draw between Jagiellonia Bialystok and Rakow Czestochowa as the latter team had already lost mathematical chances of catching up with Legia with three games to spare 8 On 26 August 2021 Legia led by Michniewicz defeated SK Slavia Prague and for the first time in five years qualified for the group stages of a European cup 9 They would face Leicester City Napoli and Spartak Moscow in the UEFA Europa League group stage 10 Although Legia led their group after wins against Spartak Moscow and Leicester City 11 they struggled in the league After four consecutive defeats managing nine points in ten fixtures and sitting 15th in the table 12 Michniewicz was dismissed on 25 October 2021 13 Poland national team Edit On 31 January 2022 Michniewicz was named as the new manager of Poland signing a deal until 31 December 2022 with an extension option 14 following the previous manager Paulo Sousa s decision to join Flamengo three months before Poland s first 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification play offs game 15 He was scheduled to make his debut against Russia in Moscow 16 prior to the disqualification of Russia 17 On 24 March Poland played their first match under Michniewicz a 1 1 draw in a friendly against Scotland 18 On 29 March 2022 Michniewicz led Poland to a 2 0 victory over Sweden in the World Cup qualification play off final 19 On 30 November 2022 Poland advanced to the knockout stage of the 2022 FIFA World Cup for the first time since 1986 under the lead of Michniewicz 20 On 22 December 2022 following criticism of the national team s defensive tactics and style of play under Michniewicz by the media 21 a turmoil regarding bonuses for national team players and staff 22 Michniewicz blocking several journalists on Twitter before deleting his account 23 and reportedly shouldering part of the blame for the media fallout on team manager Jakub Kwiatkowski 24 it was announced Michniewicz s contract would not be extended and he was to leave his post on 31 December 2022 25 Abha Edit On 12 June 2023 Michniewicz was announced as the new manager of Saudi club Abha 26 Following a good start to his stint Abha suffered four straight league defeats in September which led to Michniewicz s dismissal on 1 October 2023 27 Personal life Edit nbsp Michniewicz in 2010Michniewicz was born in Byarozawka then in the Byelorussian SSR Soviet Union present day Belarus while his mother was visiting her family but grew up in Biskupiec Poland 28 On 20 June 1998 he married Grazyna Rzewuska with whom he has two sons Mateusz born 22 January 2001 and Jakub born 13 August 2003 29 Managerial statistics EditAs of 1 October 2023 30 Managerial record by team and tenure Team Nation From To RecordG W D L Win Lech Poznan nbsp 15 September 2003 17 May 2006 108 45 27 36 0 41 67Zaglebie Lubin nbsp 3 October 2006 22 October 2007 37 21 7 9 0 56 76Arka Gdynia nbsp 8 July 2008 12 April 2009 33 12 10 11 0 36 36Widzew Lodz nbsp 15 November 2010 22 June 2011 17 8 4 5 0 47 06Jagiellonia Bialystok nbsp 22 July 2011 22 November 2011 18 6 4 8 0 33 33Polonia Warsaw nbsp 28 March 2012 9 May 2012 7 2 1 4 0 28 57Podbeskidzie Bielsko Biala nbsp 22 March 2013 22 October 2013 24 7 8 9 0 29 17Pogon Szczecin nbsp 9 April 2015 17 May 2016 49 15 18 16 0 30 61Bruk Bet Termalica Nieciecza nbsp 6 June 2016 22 March 2017 27 10 6 11 0 37 04Poland U21 nbsp 7 July 2017 14 October 2020 27 14 7 6 0 51 85Legia Warsaw nbsp 21 September 2020 25 October 2021 55 31 11 13 0 56 36Poland nbsp 31 January 2022 31 December 2022 13 5 3 5 0 38 46Abha nbsp 12 June 2023 1 October 2023 9 3 0 6 0 33 33Total 425 179 106 140 0 42 12Honours EditPlayer Edit Amica Wronki Polish Cup 1998 99 1999 2000 Polish Super Cup 1999Manager Edit Lech Poznan Polish Cup 2003 04 Polish Super Cup 2004Zaglebie Lubin Ekstraklasa 2006 07 Polish Super Cup 2007Legia Warsaw Ekstraklasa 2020 21Individual Ekstraklasa Coach of the Month November 2020 31 March 2021 32 References Edit Michniewicz nowym trenerem Widzewa 15 November 2010 wp pl Polonia replace Zielinski with Michniewicz FIFA com 28 March 2012 Archived from the original on 6 April 2012 Maciej Stolarczyk trenerem reprezentacji mlodziezowej in Polish 90minut pl 15 October 2020 Retrieved 15 October 2020 Czeslaw Michniewicz trenerem Legii in Polish 90minut pl 21 September 2020 Retrieved 21 September 2020 Legia odrabia straty in Polish 90minut pl 18 October 2020 Retrieved 19 October 2020 Trener Listopada 2020 Czeslaw Michniewicz in Polish Ekstraklasa 11 December 2020 Archived from the original on 11 December 2020 Retrieved 11 December 2020 Trener Marca 2021 Czeslaw Michniewicz in Polish Ekstraklasa 8 April 2021 Archived from the original on 8 April 2021 Retrieved 9 April 2021 Legia mistrzem Polski 90minut pl 28 April 2021 Retrieved 6 May 2021 Legia Warszawa w fazie grupowej Ligi Europy Slavia Praga odprawiona na Lazienkowskiej PolskieRadio24 pl in Polish Europa League draw Legia Warsaw to play Napoli Leicester Spartak PolskieRadio pl Liga Europy Szalony mecz w grupie Legii Warszawa Leicester wygralo w Moskwie www polsatsport pl in Polish Kolejna porazka Legii w lidze Wojskowi ulegli Piastowi 1 4 www rdc pl in Polish Komunikat klubu w sprawie zmian w sztabie szkoleniowym in Polish Legia Warsaw 25 October 2021 Czeslaw Michniewicz selekcjonerem reprezentacji Polski Press release in Polish Polish Press Agency 31 January 2022 Retrieved 31 January 2022 Portugal s Paulo Sousa leaves Poland to be Flamengo coach France 24 29 December 2021 Retrieved 2 February 2021 Reprezentacja Polski Czeslaw Michniewicz jestesmy delikatnym faworytem w starciu z Rosja in Polish TVP Sport 1 February 2022 Retrieved 2 February 2022 Fifa and Uefa suspend all Russian teams BBC Sport Retrieved 3 March 2022 Wynik lepszy niz gra Polacy zawiedli w debiucie Michniewicza in Polish TVP Info 24 March 2022 Retrieved 25 March 2022 Mistrzostwa swiata 2022 Reprezentacja Polski pokonala Szwecje i pojedzie na mundial w Katarze The 2022 World Cup The Polish national team defeated Sweden and will play at the World Cup in Qatar in Polish TVP Info 29 March 2022 Retrieved 31 March 2022 Phil Hay 30 November 2022 How Argentina advanced out of Group C in victory over Poland Live World Cup updates The Athletic Czeslaw Michniewicz odpiera krytyke Zasluzylismy na nagrode sportowefakty wp pl in Polish 3 December 2022 Podwojna rola Jakuba Kwiatkowskiego Nowe fakty ws afery premiowej sport pl in Polish 21 December 2022 Reprezentacja Polski Czeslaw Michniewicz zniknal z Twittera To konto nie istnieje gol24 pl in Polish 16 December 2022 Reprezentacja Polski Media Konflikt na linii Czeslaw Michniewicz Jakub Kwiatkowski Kolejne szokujace informacje sport tvp pl in Polish 17 December 2022 Komunikat Polskiego Zwiazku Pilki Noznej 22 12 2022 in Polish Polski Zwiazek Pilki Noznej 22 December 2022 Czeslaw Michniewicz nowym trenerem saudyjskiego Abha Club eurosport tvn24 pl in Polish 12 June 2023 Czeslaw Michniewicz zwolniony Jest komunikat klubu sport fakt pl in Polish 1 October 2023 Retrieved 1 October 2023 Michniewicz Czeslaw About me About me Official Website Poznan Sportwin Retrieved 22 June 2019 Michniewicz Czeslaw About me Family Official Website Poznan Sportwin Retrieved 22 June 2019 Czeslaw Michniewicz career sheet footballdatabase footballdatabase Retrieved 30 September 2021 Trener Listopada 2020 Czeslaw Michniewicz in Polish Ekstraklasa 11 December 2020 Retrieved 11 December 2020 Trener Marca 2021 Czeslaw Michniewicz in Polish Ekstraklasa 8 April 2021 Retrieved 8 April 2021 External links EditOfficial website Czeslaw Michniewicz at 90minut pl in Polish Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Czeslaw Michniewicz amp oldid 1178143491, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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