The infection is spread by saliva, urine, respiratory droplets, sexual contact, and blood transfusions. Most people are exposed to the virus in their lifetime, but it usually produces mild or no symptoms in healthy people.[citation needed]
However, serious CMV infections can occur in people with weakened immune systems. This includes patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer and patients on immune-suppressing medicines following an organ transplant.[citation needed]
In rare instances, more severe CMV infection involving the GI tract has been reported in people with a healthy immune system.[citation needed]
CMV colitis may be clinically manifested with diarrhea (usually non-bloody), abdominal pain, weight loss and anorexia. The diagnosis of CMV colitis is based on serology, CMV antigen testing and colonoscopy with biopsy. Clinical suspicion should be aroused in the setting of immunocompromised patient but it is much rarer in immunocompetent patient. Although it is known that CMV colitis is almost always caused by reactivation of latent CMV infection in immunocompromised patients, new infection of CMV or reinfection of different strain of CMV can cause colitis in immunocompetent hosts. Because asymptomatic CMV viremia and viruria is common and about 1/3 of symptomatic CMV infection is caused by reinfection of different strain of CMV, the diagnosis of CMV colitis needs more direct causality. It is practically achieved by colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy tissue sampling and pathological evidence of CMV infection under microscope, more specifically macroscopic picture will show many ulcers that appear on the mucous membrane and microscopically the biopsy will show intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Positive CMV IgG doesn't necessarily mean that it is reactivation of latent infection because of the possibility of reinfection of different strain.[citation needed]
Treatmentedit
The usual treatment is antivirals, specifically ganciclovir or valganciclovir.[1] Severe CMV colitis may lead a colectomy.[3]
^ abKandiel A, Lashner B (December 2006). "Cytomegalovirus colitis complicating inflammatory bowel disease". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 101 (12): 2857–65. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00869.x. PMID 17026558. S2CID 42411978.
^Zais IE, Sirotti A, Iesari S, Campioli E, Costantino A, Delbue S, Collini A, Guarneri A, Ambrogi F, Cacciola R, Ferraresso M, Favi E. Human cytomegalovirus-related gastrointestinal disease after kidney transplantation: A systematic review. Clin Transplant. 2023 Dec 8:e15218. doi: 10.1111/ctr.15218. Epub ahead of print. PMID 38063324.
^Lawlor G, Moss AC (September 2010). "Cytomegalovirus in inflammatory bowel disease: pathogen or innocent bystander?". Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 16 (9): 1620–7. doi:10.1002/ibd.21275. PMID 20232408. S2CID 9785434.
January 01, 1970
cytomegalovirus, colitis, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, 2. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Cytomegalovirus colitis news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message Cytomegalovirus colitis CMV colitis is an inflammation of the colon Cytomegalovirus colitisOther namesCMV colitisMicrograph of CMV colitis H amp E stain SpecialtyInfectious disease Contents 1 Causes 1 1 Risk factors 2 Diagnosis 3 Treatment 4 See also 5 ReferencesCauses editThe infection is spread by saliva urine respiratory droplets sexual contact and blood transfusions Most people are exposed to the virus in their lifetime but it usually produces mild or no symptoms in healthy people citation needed However serious CMV infections can occur in people with weakened immune systems This includes patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer and patients on immune suppressing medicines following an organ transplant citation needed In rare instances more severe CMV infection involving the GI tract has been reported in people with a healthy immune system citation needed Risk factors edit The systemic use of corticosteroids in the context of inflammatory bowel disease 1 the Immunosuppressive drug that is required to decrease risk of rejection in patients who received transplant as Liver transplantation or Kidney transplantation 2 Diagnosis editCMV colitis may be clinically manifested with diarrhea usually non bloody abdominal pain weight loss and anorexia The diagnosis of CMV colitis is based on serology CMV antigen testing and colonoscopy with biopsy Clinical suspicion should be aroused in the setting of immunocompromised patient but it is much rarer in immunocompetent patient Although it is known that CMV colitis is almost always caused by reactivation of latent CMV infection in immunocompromised patients new infection of CMV or reinfection of different strain of CMV can cause colitis in immunocompetent hosts Because asymptomatic CMV viremia and viruria is common and about 1 3 of symptomatic CMV infection is caused by reinfection of different strain of CMV the diagnosis of CMV colitis needs more direct causality It is practically achieved by colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy tissue sampling and pathological evidence of CMV infection under microscope more specifically macroscopic picture will show many ulcers that appear on the mucous membrane and microscopically the biopsy will show intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies Positive CMV IgG doesn t necessarily mean that it is reactivation of latent infection because of the possibility of reinfection of different strain citation needed Treatment editThe usual treatment is antivirals specifically ganciclovir or valganciclovir 1 Severe CMV colitis may lead a colectomy 3 See also editCrohn s disease Kidney transplantationReferences edit a b Kandiel A Lashner B December 2006 Cytomegalovirus colitis complicating inflammatory bowel disease Am J Gastroenterol 101 12 2857 65 doi 10 1111 j 1572 0241 2006 00869 x PMID 17026558 S2CID 42411978 Zais IE Sirotti A Iesari S Campioli E Costantino A Delbue S Collini A Guarneri A Ambrogi F Cacciola R Ferraresso M Favi E Human cytomegalovirus related gastrointestinal disease after kidney transplantation A systematic review Clin Transplant 2023 Dec 8 e15218 doi 10 1111 ctr 15218 Epub ahead of print PMID 38063324 Lawlor G Moss AC September 2010 Cytomegalovirus in inflammatory bowel disease pathogen or innocent bystander Inflamm Bowel Dis 16 9 1620 7 doi 10 1002 ibd 21275 PMID 20232408 S2CID 9785434 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cytomegalovirus colitis amp oldid 1223539601, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
