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Cyrrhus

January 01, 1970

For the city in ancient Macedonia, see Cyrrhus (Macedonia).

Cyrrhus (/ˈsɪrəs/; Greek: Κύρρος, romanized: Kyrrhos) is a city in ancient Syria founded by Seleucus Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals. Other names for the city include Coricium, Corice, Hagioupolis, Nebi Huri (Arabic: نبي هوري), and Khoros (حوروس, Ḳūrus). A false etymology of the sixth century connects it to Cyrus, king of Persia due to the resemblance of the names. The former Roman/Byzantine (arch)bishopric is now a double Catholic titular see.

Cyrrhus
View of Cyrrhus.
Shown within Syria
LocationAleppo Governorate, Syria
Coordinates36°44′39″N 36°57′33″E / 36.74417°N 36.95917°E / 36.74417; 36.95917
TypeSettlement
History
BuilderSeleucus I Nicator
Founded300 BC
Abandoned13th century CE
Site notes
ConditionIn ruins

Location edit

Its ruins are located in northern Syria, near the Turkish border.

It lies about 70 km northwest of Aleppo and 24 km west of Killis, in Turkey. Cyrrhus was the capital of the extensive district of Cyrrhestica, between the plain of Antioch and Commagene.

The site of the city is marked by the ruins at Khoros, 20 km from Azaz, Syria, standing near the Afrin Marsyas River, a tributary of the Orontes, which had been banked up by Bishop Theodoret.

History edit

Antiquity edit

The Cyrrhus in Syria was founded by Seleucus Nicator shortly after 300 BC, and was named after the Macedonian city of Cyrrhus. Andronicus of Cyrrhus built the Tower of the Winds in Athens, but it is not known which Cyrrhus he came from.

It was taken by the Armenian Empire in the 1st century BC, then became Roman when Pompey took Syria in 64 BC. By the 1st century AD, it had become a Roman administrative, military, and commercial center on the trade route between Antioch and the Euphrates River crossing at Zeugma, and minted its own coinage.[1] It was the base of the Roman legion Legio X Fretensis.[2] The Sassanid Persian Empire took it several times during the 3rd century. Following these attacks the city became a major point of strategic importance for the Romans, who would rapidly develop and fortify it.[3]

 
Roman provincial bronze coin from Cyrrhus, Syria minted under Marcus Aurelius

In the 6th century, the city was further embellished and strengthened by Byzantine Emperor Justinian, who oversaw work that only added to the Cyrrhus' already incredibly formidable defenses. It was however taken by the Arabs from the Byzantines in 637 AD. It was then known and identified from that time under the name of Qorosh.

Middle Ages edit

In the early 12th century the region was controlled by the Armenian Bagrat until it came under control of the county of Edessa in 1117.[4] In 1150, it was captured by Nur ad-Din Zangi. Muslim travelers of the 13th and 14th century report it both as a large city and as largely in ruins.[5]

Archaeology edit

 
The well-preserved Roman amphitheatre is among the largest in Syria.

The city has been excavated by the Lebanese Syrian Archaeological Mission of Cyrrhus.[6] Initial results indicate a square layout with Hippodamian grid road plan and a central main road with Colonnades typical of the Hellenistic east . The road layout seems to have survived until into the Islamic times. Remains in Cyrrhus include two Roman Bridge s in working order, a dilapidated theatre outside the town and foundations of a Basilica church and some city fortifications. In the 6th century a Byzantine citadel was built on the top of the hill behind the theatre.[7] with evidence of Greek and Egyptian influences in the design work.[8] [9] This citadel is still largely unexcavated. Temple of Zeus: The exact date of the city's construction is unknown, as it is attributed to the period of the reign of Seleucus Nicator (312 - 280) BC. Given the importance of the city's location, large military forces were stationed there whose subordination to a city is unknown, and perhaps it was independent of itself. Coins were minted during this period and it was also an important center for the worship of the two gods, Athena, the protector of the great land, and Zeus (the god of the thunderbolt). It is believed that the temple of Zeus stood on top of the mountain next to the city. Syros became a frontier city after the separation of Asia Minor from the Seleucid state, following the Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC, which lost its civilian importance and became a center for assembling armies and securing the strong soldiers of the kings of Antioch. In the year 83 BC, controlled by the king of Armenia, Tigran the Great, chaos spread in its area, until the Romans recaptured it in the year 69 BC.

Ecclesiastical history edit

Cyrrhus became a Christian bishopric at an early date, a suffragan of Hierapolis Bambyce, capital and metropolitan see of the Roman province of Euphratensis. Under Justinian, it became an autocephalous ecclesiastical metropolis subject directly to the Patriarch of Antioch but without suffragans. Its bishop Syricius was present at the First Council of Nicaea in 325. The Arian Abgar (Latinized as Abgarus or Augarus) was at the Council of Seleucia (360). Theodoret mentions as another Arian a bishop called Asterius of the time of the Roman Emperor Valens (364–378). Isidorus attended the First Council of Constantinople in 381. The most celebrated of the bishops of Cyrrhus is Theodoret himself (423-458), a prolific writer,[10] well known for his rôle in the history of Nestorianism, Eutychianism, and Marcionism. He tells us that his small diocese (about forty miles square) contained 800 churches, which supposes a very dense population. In 476, a bishop named Ioannes held a synod against Peter the Fuller. At the close of that century the bishop was a Nestorian named Sergius, who was replaced by another of the same name who was of the directly opposite theological opinion, being a Jacobite, and was deposed by Emperor Justin I in 518. Michael the Syrian lists 13 other Jacobite bishops of the see.[11][12][13]

A magnificent basilica held the relics of Saints Cosmas and Damian, who had suffered martyrdom in the vicinity about 283, and whose bodies had been transported to the city, whence it was also called Hagioupolis. Many holy personages, moreover, chiefly hermits, had been or were then living in this territory, among them Saints Acepsimas, Zeumatius, Zebinas, Polychronius, Maron (the patron of the Maronite Church), Eusebius, Thalassius, Maris, James the Wonder-worker, and others. Bishop Theodoret devoted an entire work to the illustration of their virtues and miracles.[14]

Residential (Arch)Bishops of Cyrrhus edit

Name Dates Churchmanship Notes Picture
Syricius 325 at First Council of Nicaea
Abgar 360 Arian at Council of Seleucia (360)
Asterius 364–378 Arian
Isidorus[15][16][17] 381 at First Council of Constantinople
Theodoret of Cyrrhus 423-458
Ioannes 476 held a synod against Peter the Fuller
Sergius I of Cyrrhus late 5th century[18] Nestorian was deposed by Byzantine Emperor Justin I
Sergius II of Cyrrhus.[19] 518 Jacobite exiled about AD 522.[20]
John of Cyrrhus[21] c628 Orthodox???
12 Jacobite Bishops
John of Cyrrhus[21]

The city was taken in the early 11th century by the Crusaders who made new Bishopric, dependent on Edessa under the name Coricié.

Titular sees edit

No longer a residential bishopric, Cyrrhus is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see,[22] in two different rite-specific traditions, in the apostolic succession of the Byzantine archdiocese.

Bishops of Crusader Coricié edit

Latin titular see edit

Established no later then as Titular archbishopric of Cyrrhus (Latin) / Cirro (Curiate Italian) / Cyrrhen(sis) (Latin adjective), alias Cyrrhus of the Latins

It has been vacant for decades, having had the following incumbents, of the fitting Archepiscopal rank with an Episcopal (lowest) exception:

  • Carolus Polodig (1713.12.23 – death 1714.07.07), no actual prelature
  • Titular Bishop: John Wallace (1720.04.30 – death 1733.06.30) (born Scotland, UK), Coadjutor Apostolic Vicar of Scotland (Scotland) (1720.04.30 – 1727.07.23), Coadjutor Apostolic Vicar of Lowland District of Scotland (Scotland) (1727.07.23 – 1733.06.30)
  • Ignazio Nasalli-Ratti (Italian), (1819.12.17 – 1827.06.25), later Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Agnese fuori le mura (1827.09.17 – death 1831.12.02)
  • Luca de Cigalla (1832.07.27 – 1847.02.12), first while Bishop of Santorini (insular Greece) (1828.12.15 – 1847.02.12 ?not possessed), then as Coadjutor Apostolic Vicar of Constantinopole (Ottoman Turkey) (1832.07.27 – 1847.02.12 not possessed)
  • Loudovico of St. Teresa Martini (1845.09.30 – death 1883.07.12) while Apostolic Vicar of Verapoly (British India) (1844.12.07 – 1855.11.10) and as emeritus; previously Titular Bishop of Europus (1839.06.07 – 1845.09.30) as Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic of Verapoly (1839.06.07 – succession 1844.12.07)
  • Nikolaus Adames (1883.11.02 – death 1887.02.13) as emeritus: previously Titular Bishop of Halicarnassus (1863.03.27 – 1870.09.27 as Pro-Vicar Apostolic of Luxembourg (native Luxembourg) (1848.05.07 – 1863.03.27) and (promoted) last Vicar Apostolic of Luxembourg (Luxembourg) (1863.03.27 – 1870.09.27); next (see promoted) first Bishop of Luxembourg (1870.09.27 – retired 1883.09.27)
  • Louis-André Navarre (born France) (1888.08.17 – death 1912.01.17) first as Apostolic Vicar of Melanesia (insular Papua New Guinea) (1887.05.17 – 1889.05.10), then as Apostolic Vicar of New Guinea (mainland Papua New Guinea) (1889.05.10 – 1908.01) and as emeritus; previously Titular Bishop of Pentacomia (1887.05.17 – 1888.08.17)
  • Ludovít Szmrecsányi (1912.03.26 – 1912.08.20) (born Slovakia) as Coadjutor Archbishop of Archdiocese of Eger (Hungary) (1912.03.26 – succession 1912.08.20); previously Titular Bishop of Magyddus (1904.11.14 – 1912.03.26) without actual prelature; later Metropolitan Archbishop of above Eger (1912.08.20 –death 1943.01.28)
BIOs to ELABORATE

Maronite titular see edit

No later than 1896 was established the Antiochene rite Titular archbishopric of Cyrrhus / Cirro (Curiate Italian) / Cyrrhen(sis) Maronitarum (Latin adjective), alias Cyrrhus of the Maronites.

In 1956 it was suppressed, having had only these incumbents, both of the fitting Archiepiscopal (intermediate) rank and without actual prelature :

  • Joseph Estefan (1896.09.24 – death 1915.07.04)
  • Elia Scedid (1926.06.21 – death 1950.01.18) (born Lebanon).

Gallery edit

  •  
    Roman-era theater building
  •  
    Ruins of North Cyrrhus
  •  
    Ruins of the southern gate of Cyrrhus
  •  
    The Roman-era hexagonal tower tomb, now part of the Mosque of Prophet Huri

References edit

  1. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed, s.v. numismatics
  2. ^ Dow, Joseph A., Ancient Coins Through the Bible, p. 67.
  3. ^ Ivan Mannheim, Syria and Lebanon Handbook: The Travel Guide, Footprint, 2001. ISBN 978-1-900949-90-3.
  4. ^ Runciman 1962, pp. 129–130.
  5. ^ Guy Le Strange, Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500, London, 1890.
  6. ^ First results on the city planning of Cyrrhus (Syria) Abdul Massih, Benech, Gelin ArcheoSciences,revue d’archéométrie, suppl. 33, 2009, p. 201-203.
  7. ^ Cyrrhus.
  8. ^ Cyrrhus 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine at Livis.org.
  9. ^ Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister, Stillwell, Richard, MacDonald, William L., McAlister, Marian Holland KYRRHOS Syria. in The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites]
  10. ^ His works are in Jacques Paul Migne (ed.), Patrologia Graeca, LXXX-LXXXIV.
  11. ^ Raymond Janin, v. Cyrrhus in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. XIII, Paris 1956, coll. 1186-1187
  12. ^ Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 929-934
  13. ^ Franz Cumont, Etudes syriennes, Paris 1917, pp. 221 ff.
  14. ^ Siméon Vailhé, "Cyrrhus" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 1908)]
  15. ^ Raymond Janin, v. Cyrrhus in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. XIII, Paris 1956, coll. 1186-1187.
  16. ^ Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 929-934.
  17. ^ Ian George Tompkins , PROBLEMS OF DATING AND PERTINENCE IN SOME LETTERS OF THEODORET OF CYRRHUS, Byzantion Vol. 65, No. 1 (1995), pp.176-195.
  18. ^ Raymond Janin, v. Cyrrhus in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. XIII, Paris 1956, coll. 1186-1187
  19. ^ The Chronicle of Michael the Great, Patriarch of the Syrians 89.
  20. ^ The Chronicle of Michael the Great, Patriarch of the Syrians 89.
  21. ^ a b The Chronicle of Michael the Great, Patriarch of the Syrians 122.
  22. ^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 870

Sources and external links edit

  •   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Cyrrhus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  • GCatholic - Latin titular see
  • GCatholic - Maronite titular see
  • Cyrrhus at livius.org 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
  • Cyrrhus/Nabi Huri at cometosyria.com
  • Runciman, Steven (1962). A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-06162-8.

Further reading edit

  • Abdul Massih J., 2008, Edmond Frézouls à Cyrrhus : les débuts de la recherche archéologique en Syrie, Document d’Archéologie Syrienne XIV, pp. 424–428.
  • Abdul Massih J., 2008, Edmond Frézouls et les publications archéologiques syriennes, Document d’Archéologie Syrienne XIV, pp. 428–430.
  • Abdul Massih J., 2006–2007, évaluation de l’état général du site archéologique de Cyrrhus – Nebi Houri Annales Archéologiques de Syrie, XLIX-L, p. 45-59.
  • ALPI F., 2011, Base de statue de Justinien ornée d’une inscription métrique (Cyrrhus, Euphratésie), Syria 88, p. 341-349.
  • Abdul Massih J, Gelin M., 2009, Notes préliminaires sur l’étude du système défensif méridional de Cyrrhus, Campagnes 2007–2008, Chroniques 2008, Damas 2010, pp. 109–218
  • Abdul Massih J., 2009, Urbanisme du site de Cyrrhus : origine et évolution ; Etat de la question, Colloque de damas 2008 sur l’urbanisme en Orient
  • Jeanine Abdul Massih, Notes préliminaires sur l’étude du système défensif méridional de Cyrrhus, Campagnes 2007–2008, Chroniques 2008, Damas 2010, pp. 109–218, Damas 2010, pp. 109–218.
  • Jeanine Abdul Massih, Les mosaïques de la maison romaine et la fortification polygonale de Cyrrhus (Nebi Houri), Notes préliminaires, Syria 2009, pp. 289–306.
  • Ivan Mannheim, Syria and Lebanon Handbook: The Travel Guide, Footprint, 2001. ISBN 978-1-900949-90-3.
  • Guy Le Strange, Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500, London, 1890.

January 01, 1970
cyrrhus, city, ancient, macedonia, macedonia, greek, Κύρρος, romanized, kyrrhos, city, ancient, syria, founded, seleucus, nicator, alexander, great, generals, other, names, city, include, coricium, corice, hagioupolis, nebi, huri, arabic, نبي, هوري, khoros, حو. For the city in ancient Macedonia see Cyrrhus Macedonia Cyrrhus ˈ s ɪr e s Greek Kyrros romanized Kyrrhos is a city in ancient Syria founded by Seleucus Nicator one of Alexander the Great s generals Other names for the city include Coricium Corice Hagioupolis Nebi Huri Arabic نبي هوري and Khoros حوروس Ḳurus A false etymology of the sixth century connects it to Cyrus king of Persia due to the resemblance of the names The former Roman Byzantine arch bishopric is now a double Catholic titular see CyrrhusView of Cyrrhus Shown within SyriaLocationAleppo Governorate SyriaCoordinates36 44 39 N 36 57 33 E 36 74417 N 36 95917 E 36 74417 36 95917TypeSettlementHistoryBuilderSeleucus I NicatorFounded300 BCAbandoned13th century CESite notesConditionIn ruins Contents 1 Location 2 History 2 1 Antiquity 2 2 Middle Ages 3 Archaeology 4 Ecclesiastical history 4 1 Residential Arch Bishops of Cyrrhus 4 2 Titular sees 4 3 Bishops of Crusader Coricie 4 3 1 Latin titular see 4 3 2 Maronite titular see 5 Gallery 6 References 7 Sources and external links 8 Further readingLocation editIts ruins are located in northern Syria near the Turkish border It lies about 70 km northwest of Aleppo and 24 km west of Killis in Turkey Cyrrhus was the capital of the extensive district of Cyrrhestica between the plain of Antioch and Commagene The site of the city is marked by the ruins at Khoros 20 km from Azaz Syria standing near the Afrin Marsyas River a tributary of the Orontes which had been banked up by Bishop Theodoret History editAntiquity edit The Cyrrhus in Syria was founded by Seleucus Nicator shortly after 300 BC and was named after the Macedonian city of Cyrrhus Andronicus of Cyrrhus built the Tower of the Winds in Athens but it is not known which Cyrrhus he came from It was taken by the Armenian Empire in the 1st century BC then became Roman when Pompey took Syria in 64 BC By the 1st century AD it had become a Roman administrative military and commercial center on the trade route between Antioch and the Euphrates River crossing at Zeugma and minted its own coinage 1 It was the base of the Roman legion Legio X Fretensis 2 The Sassanid Persian Empire took it several times during the 3rd century Following these attacks the city became a major point of strategic importance for the Romans who would rapidly develop and fortify it 3 nbsp Roman provincial bronze coin from Cyrrhus Syria minted under Marcus Aurelius In the 6th century the city was further embellished and strengthened by Byzantine Emperor Justinian who oversaw work that only added to the Cyrrhus already incredibly formidable defenses It was however taken by the Arabs from the Byzantines in 637 AD It was then known and identified from that time under the name of Qorosh Middle Ages edit In the early 12th century the region was controlled by the Armenian Bagrat until it came under control of the county of Edessa in 1117 4 In 1150 it was captured by Nur ad Din Zangi Muslim travelers of the 13th and 14th century report it both as a large city and as largely in ruins 5 Archaeology edit nbsp The well preserved Roman amphitheatre is among the largest in Syria The city has been excavated by the Lebanese Syrian Archaeological Mission of Cyrrhus 6 Initial results indicate a square layout with Hippodamian grid road plan and a central main road with Colonnades typical of the Hellenistic east The road layout seems to have survived until into the Islamic times Remains in Cyrrhus include two Roman Bridge s in working order a dilapidated theatre outside the town and foundations of a Basilica church and some city fortifications In the 6th century a Byzantine citadel was built on the top of the hill behind the theatre 7 with evidence of Greek and Egyptian influences in the design work 8 9 This citadel is still largely unexcavated Temple of Zeus The exact date of the city s construction is unknown as it is attributed to the period of the reign of Seleucus Nicator 312 280 BC Given the importance of the city s location large military forces were stationed there whose subordination to a city is unknown and perhaps it was independent of itself Coins were minted during this period and it was also an important center for the worship of the two gods Athena the protector of the great land and Zeus the god of the thunderbolt It is believed that the temple of Zeus stood on top of the mountain next to the city Syros became a frontier city after the separation of Asia Minor from the Seleucid state following the Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC which lost its civilian importance and became a center for assembling armies and securing the strong soldiers of the kings of Antioch In the year 83 BC controlled by the king of Armenia Tigran the Great chaos spread in its area until the Romans recaptured it in the year 69 BC Ecclesiastical history editCyrrhus became a Christian bishopric at an early date a suffragan of Hierapolis Bambyce capital and metropolitan see of the Roman province of Euphratensis Under Justinian it became an autocephalous ecclesiastical metropolis subject directly to the Patriarch of Antioch but without suffragans Its bishop Syricius was present at the First Council of Nicaea in 325 The Arian Abgar Latinized as Abgarus or Augarus was at the Council of Seleucia 360 Theodoret mentions as another Arian a bishop called Asterius of the time of the Roman Emperor Valens 364 378 Isidorus attended the First Council of Constantinople in 381 The most celebrated of the bishops of Cyrrhus is Theodoret himself 423 458 a prolific writer 10 well known for his role in the history of Nestorianism Eutychianism and Marcionism He tells us that his small diocese about forty miles square contained 800 churches which supposes a very dense population In 476 a bishop named Ioannes held a synod against Peter the Fuller At the close of that century the bishop was a Nestorian named Sergius who was replaced by another of the same name who was of the directly opposite theological opinion being a Jacobite and was deposed by Emperor Justin I in 518 Michael the Syrian lists 13 other Jacobite bishops of the see 11 12 13 A magnificent basilica held the relics of Saints Cosmas and Damian who had suffered martyrdom in the vicinity about 283 and whose bodies had been transported to the city whence it was also called Hagioupolis Many holy personages moreover chiefly hermits had been or were then living in this territory among them Saints Acepsimas Zeumatius Zebinas Polychronius Maron the patron of the Maronite Church Eusebius Thalassius Maris James the Wonder worker and others Bishop Theodoret devoted an entire work to the illustration of their virtues and miracles 14 Residential Arch Bishops of Cyrrhus edit Name Dates Churchmanship Notes Picture Syricius 325 at First Council of Nicaea Abgar 360 Arian at Council of Seleucia 360 Asterius 364 378 Arian Isidorus 15 16 17 381 at First Council of Constantinople Theodoret of Cyrrhus 423 458 Ioannes 476 held a synod against Peter the Fuller Sergius I of Cyrrhus late 5th century 18 Nestorian was deposed by Byzantine Emperor Justin I Sergius II of Cyrrhus 19 518 Jacobite exiled about AD 522 20 John of Cyrrhus 21 c628 Orthodox 12 Jacobite Bishops John of Cyrrhus 21 The city was taken in the early 11th century by the Crusaders who made new Bishopric dependent on Edessa under the name Coricie Titular sees edit No longer a residential bishopric Cyrrhus is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see 22 in two different rite specific traditions in the apostolic succession of the Byzantine archdiocese Bishops of Crusader Coricie edit Latin titular see edit Established no later then as Titular archbishopric of Cyrrhus Latin Cirro Curiate Italian Cyrrhen sis Latin adjective alias Cyrrhus of the LatinsIt has been vacant for decades having had the following incumbents of the fitting Archepiscopal rank with an Episcopal lowest exception Carolus Polodig 1713 12 23 death 1714 07 07 no actual prelature Titular Bishop John Wallace 1720 04 30 death 1733 06 30 born Scotland UK Coadjutor Apostolic Vicar of Scotland Scotland 1720 04 30 1727 07 23 Coadjutor Apostolic Vicar of Lowland District of Scotland Scotland 1727 07 23 1733 06 30 Ignazio Nasalli Ratti Italian 1819 12 17 1827 06 25 later Cardinal Priest of Sant Agnese fuori le mura 1827 09 17 death 1831 12 02 Luca de Cigalla 1832 07 27 1847 02 12 first while Bishop of Santorini insular Greece 1828 12 15 1847 02 12 not possessed then as Coadjutor Apostolic Vicar of Constantinopole Ottoman Turkey 1832 07 27 1847 02 12 not possessed Loudovico of St Teresa Martini 1845 09 30 death 1883 07 12 while Apostolic Vicar of Verapoly British India 1844 12 07 1855 11 10 and as emeritus previously Titular Bishop of Europus 1839 06 07 1845 09 30 as Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic of Verapoly 1839 06 07 succession 1844 12 07 Nikolaus Adames 1883 11 02 death 1887 02 13 as emeritus previously Titular Bishop of Halicarnassus 1863 03 27 1870 09 27 as Pro Vicar Apostolic of Luxembourg native Luxembourg 1848 05 07 1863 03 27 and promoted last Vicar Apostolic of Luxembourg Luxembourg 1863 03 27 1870 09 27 next see promoted first Bishop of Luxembourg 1870 09 27 retired 1883 09 27 Louis Andre Navarre born France 1888 08 17 death 1912 01 17 first as Apostolic Vicar of Melanesia insular Papua New Guinea 1887 05 17 1889 05 10 then as Apostolic Vicar of New Guinea mainland Papua New Guinea 1889 05 10 1908 01 and as emeritus previously Titular Bishop of Pentacomia 1887 05 17 1888 08 17 Ludovit Szmrecsanyi 1912 03 26 1912 08 20 born Slovakia as Coadjutor Archbishop of Archdiocese of Eger Hungary 1912 03 26 succession 1912 08 20 previously Titular Bishop of Magyddus 1904 11 14 1912 03 26 without actual prelature later Metropolitan Archbishop of above Eger 1912 08 20 death 1943 01 28 BIOs to ELABORATE Joaquim Jose Vieira 1912 11 08 1917 07 08 Vilmos Batthyany 1920 12 16 1923 11 24 Serafino Cimino 1924 12 18 1928 05 04 Gennaro Cosenza 1930 01 02 1930 03 20 Archbishop elect Giuseppe Pizzardo 1930 03 28 1930 04 22 later Cardinal Ferdinando Fiandaca 1930 08 01 1941 02 18 Juan Jose Anibal Mena Porta 1941 06 14 1949 02 25 Silvestro Patrizio Mulligan 1950 08 16 1950 10 23 Eris Norman Michael O Brien 1951 01 11 1953 11 16 Guilford Clyde Young 1954 10 10 1955 09 20 Louis Ferrand 1956 04 17 1956 10 28 Mario de Miranda Villas Boas 1956 10 23 1959 06 20 Jose Rafael Pulido Mendez 1961 01 16 1966 11 22 Maronite titular see edit No later than 1896 was established the Antiochene rite Titular archbishopric of Cyrrhus Cirro Curiate Italian Cyrrhen sis Maronitarum Latin adjective alias Cyrrhus of the Maronites In 1956 it was suppressed having had only these incumbents both of the fitting Archiepiscopal intermediate rank and without actual prelature Joseph Estefan 1896 09 24 death 1915 07 04 Elia Scedid 1926 06 21 death 1950 01 18 born Lebanon Gallery edit nbsp Roman era theater building nbsp Ruins of North Cyrrhus nbsp Ruins of the southern gate of Cyrrhus nbsp The Roman era hexagonal tower tomb now part of the Mosque of Prophet HuriReferences edit Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed s v numismatics Dow Joseph A Ancient Coins Through the Bible p 67 Ivan Mannheim Syria and Lebanon Handbook The Travel Guide Footprint 2001 ISBN 978 1 900949 90 3 Runciman 1962 pp 129 130 Guy Le Strange Palestine Under the Moslems A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A D 650 to 1500 London 1890 First results on the city planning of Cyrrhus Syria Abdul Massih Benech Gelin ArcheoSciences revue d archeometrie suppl 33 2009 p 201 203 Cyrrhus Cyrrhus Archived 2016 03 03 at the Wayback Machine at Livis org Richard Stillwell William L MacDonald Marian Holland McAllister Stillwell Richard MacDonald William L McAlister Marian Holland KYRRHOS Syria in The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites His works are in Jacques Paul Migne ed Patrologia Graeca LXXX LXXXIV Raymond Janin v Cyrrhus in Dictionnaire d Histoire et de Geographie ecclesiastiques vol XIII Paris 1956 coll 1186 1187 Michel Lequien Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus Paris 1740 Vol II coll 929 934 Franz Cumont Etudes syriennes Paris 1917 pp 221 ff Simeon Vailhe Cyrrhus in Catholic Encyclopedia New York 1908 Raymond Janin v Cyrrhus in Dictionnaire d Histoire et de Geographie ecclesiastiques vol XIII Paris 1956 coll 1186 1187 Michel Lequien Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus Paris 1740 Vol II coll 929 934 Ian George Tompkins PROBLEMS OF DATING AND PERTINENCE IN SOME LETTERS OF THEODORET OF CYRRHUS Byzantion Vol 65 No 1 1995 pp 176 195 Raymond Janin v Cyrrhus in Dictionnaire d Histoire et de Geographie ecclesiastiques vol XIII Paris 1956 coll 1186 1187 The Chronicle of Michael the Great Patriarch of the Syrians 89 The Chronicle of Michael the Great Patriarch of the Syrians 89 a b The Chronicle of Michael the Great Patriarch of the Syrians 122 Annuario Pontificio 2013 Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978 88 209 9070 1 p 870Sources and external links edit nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Cyrrhus Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company GCatholic Latin titular see GCatholic Maronite titular see Archeological excavations at Cyrrhus Nebi Houri Cyrrhus at livius org Archived 2016 03 03 at the Wayback Machine Cyrrhus Nabi Huri at cometosyria com Runciman Steven 1962 A History of the Crusades Volume II The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East 1100 1187 Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 06162 8 Further reading editAbdul Massih J 2008 Edmond Frezouls a Cyrrhus les debuts de la recherche archeologique en Syrie Document d Archeologie Syrienne XIV pp 424 428 Abdul Massih J 2008 Edmond Frezouls et les publications archeologiques syriennes Document d Archeologie Syrienne XIV pp 428 430 Abdul Massih J 2006 2007 evaluation de l etat general du site archeologique de Cyrrhus Nebi Houri Annales Archeologiques de Syrie XLIX L p 45 59 ALPI F 2011 Base de statue de Justinien ornee d une inscription metrique Cyrrhus Euphratesie Syria 88 p 341 349 Abdul Massih J Gelin M 2009 Notes preliminaires sur l etude du systeme defensif meridional de Cyrrhus Campagnes 2007 2008 Chroniques 2008 Damas 2010 pp 109 218 Abdul Massih J 2009 Urbanisme du site de Cyrrhus origine et evolution Etat de la question Colloque de damas 2008 sur l urbanisme en Orient Jeanine Abdul Massih Notes preliminaires sur l etude du systeme defensif meridional de Cyrrhus Campagnes 2007 2008 Chroniques 2008 Damas 2010 pp 109 218 Damas 2010 pp 109 218 Jeanine Abdul Massih Les mosaiques de la maison romaine et la fortification polygonale de Cyrrhus Nebi Houri Notes preliminaires Syria 2009 pp 289 306 Ivan Mannheim Syria and Lebanon Handbook The Travel Guide Footprint 2001 ISBN 978 1 900949 90 3 Guy Le Strange Palestine Under the Moslems A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A D 650 to 1500 London 1890 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cyrrhus amp oldid 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