Cumbia refers to a number of musical rhythms and folk dance traditions of Latin America, generally involving musical and cultural elements from American Indigenous peoples, Europeans and African slaves during colonial times.[1] Cumbia is said to have come from funeral traditions in the Afro-Colombian community.
Cumbia traditionally uses three drums (tambora, tambor alegre [es] and lamador), three flutes (gaita hembra and gaito macho, both forms of Columbian Flute [es], and flauta de millo) and has a 2 2 or 2 4 meter.[2] The sound of cumbia can be characterized as having a simple "chucu-chucu-chu" created by the guacharaca.[3] The genre frequently incorporates brass instruments and piano. In order to properly understand the interlocking relationship between cumbia's roots and its Pan-American (and then global) routes, Colombia's geocultural complexities must first be taken into account to comprehend the genre and its subgenres.
Most Hispanic American countries have made their own regional version of Cumbia, some of them with their own particularity.
Examples of cumbia include:
Colombian cumbia, is a musical rhythm and traditional folk dance from Colombia.[4] It has elements of three different cultures, American Indigenous, African, and Spanish, being the result of the long and intense meeting of these cultures during the Conquest and the Colony.[5] The Colombian cumbia is the origin of all the other variations,[6] including the tradition of dancing it with candles in the dancers' hands.
Panamanian cumbia, Panamanian folk dance and musical genre, developed by enslaved people of African descent during colonial times and later syncretized with American Indigenous and European cultural elements.
Cumbia's background came from the coastal region of Colombia.[7] To be more specific, it's dance came from a coastal traditional culture. As cumbia had multiple ethnic influences that originated from this region. One of the biggest factors of its heritage is the African influences that was brought over by the African slaves imported from the colonization of the Spaniards. The influence came from the costeno[8] dance. Another influence was the integration of Spanish people. The Spanish folksongs with influences from the indigenous caused the fusion of races and the elements of their cultures were likewise fused.[9]
The history of cumbia has evolved throughout the years, known as a street dance but had a period of transiting into a ballroom dance.[10] Cumbia is commonly known for having many subgenres from different countries which contributes to the different dance styles known. Cumbia can be referred to as a folk dance while also being known globally as a street dance. To better understand what the dances of cumbia resemble it's better to know the basics of the dance. Cumbia is a two-pair dance, consisting the amorous conquest of a woman by a man. This is crucial since the dance from the Atlantic coast[11] has the woman holding a candle in her right hand this serves as two narrative functions; one to light the way for the dancing woman and the latter for a more serious motif. The latter can be portrayed in an imaginative sentence as a weapon by which the woman defends herself against the advances of her partner.[11]
Since the 1950s, cumbia has been an art form that is stylized, orchestrated and lyricized, contrary to the traditional form. This has diverged through the years and the world-known genre even had a brief period in the 1970s where it lost its popularity.
Expansion into Latin Americaedit
As the genre evolved it expanded throughout Latin America. With the expansion, cumbia has seen variations of the form. Cumbia, being internationally recognized as a music genre had an effect on the public mindset. In the 1970s, Colombia was introduced to salsa which almost caused the disappearance of cumbia from dance parties and clubs. Although that was detrimental it could be argued that cumbia found stability in Central America, including Mexico, and Peru.[12] The transformation of cumbia in other countries to better align with the taste of populations with very different aesthetic traditions from the strongly African-derived coastal culture[13] from which it originally emerged. Representing cumbia being perceived as expressing the harmonious outcome of racial and cultural blending. This socially affected the public views on the highly discriminated mestizo working class. Socially and economically the public has changed their views on mestizos due to cumbia being a large factor in shaping their perspective.
Southeast cumbia or chunchaca, a variant of Mexican cumbia
Northern Mexican cumbia, a variant of Mexican cumbia, developed in northeastern Mexico and part of Texas (former Mexican territory)
Cumbia sonidera, a variant of Mexican cumbia
Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Nicaraguaedit
Nicaraguan cumbia
Cumbia chinandegana
Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Panamaedit
Panamanian cumbia; A subgenre that involves Panamanian folk dance and the cumbia musical genre, developed by enslaved people of African descent during the expansion of Spanish rule in Panama and later syncretized with American Indigenous and European cultural elements.
Paraguayedit
Cachaca [es], a fusion of cumbia sonidera, norteña, vallenato and cumbia villera
Amazonian cumbia or jungle cumbia, a popular subgenre of Peruvian cumbia, created in the Peruvian Amazon
Cumbia piurana, a set of styles and sub-genres linked to cumbia that have been produced in Piura, a region on the north Peruvian coast, since the mid-1960s
Cumbia sanjuanera, a subgenre of cumbia piurana
Cumbia sureña, a subgenre of Peruvian cumbia, a fusion of Andean cumbia and techno
Uruguayedit
Uruguayan cumbia
Venezuelaedit
Venezuelan cumbia
Referencesedit
^"Everything you need to know about Cumbia". colombia.co. 27 July 2015. from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
^Yurco, Cherie (2014-02-25). . Making Music Magazine. Archived from the original on 2022-11-09. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
^. Marfa Public Radio. 2017-08-31. Archived from the original on 2023-02-25. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
^"The Cumbia – Drumset Adaptations of a Traditional Colombian/Panamanian Rhythm". moderndrummer.com. from the original on 2021-05-11. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
^"Colombia: Land of a Thousand Rhythms". colombia.co. 16 March 2015. from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
^Parra Valencia, Diego (2019). El libro de la cumbia: Resonancias, transferencias y transplantes de las cumbias latinoamericanas. Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano / Discos Fuentes Edimusica S.A.
^Cumbia!: Scenes of a Migrant Latin American Music Genre. Duke University Press. 2013. ISBN978-0-8223-5414-7.
^Wade, Peter (2008). "African Diaspora and Colombian Popular Music in the Twentieth Century". Black Music Research Journal. 28 (2): 41–56. ISSN 0276-3605.
^Santos, Mary (September 1944). "Music in Colombia". Music Educators Journal. 31 (1): 24–25. doi:10.2307/3386695. ISSN 0027-4321.
^Carmona, Antonio Brugés. “Música Costeña/Realism Mágico,” (2014): 5-12.
^ abOlivella, Delia Zapata (1967). "An Introduction to the Folk Dances of Colombia". Ethnomusicology. 11 (1): 91–96. doi:10.2307/850500. ISSN 0014-1836.
^"Joe, Diomedez... Pacini | PDF | Latin American Music | Performing Arts". Scribd. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
^Hernandez, Deborah Pacini. “Cumbia: A Selection of ColombianCumbia Recordings: Peregoyo y Su Combo Vacana: Tropicalisimo,” 36: 2 (1992): 288 – 296.
^"Cumbia: The Musical Backbone Of Latin America". npr.org. from the original on 2022-12-09. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
This article includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
February 25, 2024
cumbia, refers, number, musical, rhythms, folk, dance, traditions, latin, america, generally, involving, musical, cultural, elements, from, american, indigenous, peoples, europeans, african, slaves, during, colonial, times, said, have, come, from, funeral, tra. Cumbia refers to a number of musical rhythms and folk dance traditions of Latin America generally involving musical and cultural elements from American Indigenous peoples Europeans and African slaves during colonial times 1 Cumbia is said to have come from funeral traditions in the Afro Colombian community Cumbia traditionally uses three drums tambora tambor alegre es and lamador three flutes gaita hembra and gaito macho both forms of Columbian Flute es and flauta de millo and has a 22 or 24 meter 2 The sound of cumbia can be characterized as having a simple chucu chucu chu created by the guacharaca 3 The genre frequently incorporates brass instruments and piano In order to properly understand the interlocking relationship between cumbia s roots and its Pan American and then global routes Colombia s geocultural complexities must first be taken into account to comprehend the genre and its subgenres Most Hispanic American countries have made their own regional version of Cumbia some of them with their own particularity Examples of cumbia include Colombian cumbia is a musical rhythm and traditional folk dance from Colombia 4 It has elements of three different cultures American Indigenous African and Spanish being the result of the long and intense meeting of these cultures during the Conquest and the Colony 5 The Colombian cumbia is the origin of all the other variations 6 including the tradition of dancing it with candles in the dancers hands Panamanian cumbia Panamanian folk dance and musical genre developed by enslaved people of African descent during colonial times and later syncretized with American Indigenous and European cultural elements Contents 1 History of Colombian cumbia 2 Expansion into Latin America 3 Regional adaptations of Colombian cumbia 3 1 Argentina 3 2 Bolivia 3 3 Chile 3 4 Colombia 3 5 Costa Rica 3 6 Ecuador 3 7 El Salvador 3 8 Guatemala 3 9 Honduras 3 10 Mexico 3 11 Nicaragua 3 12 Panama 3 13 Paraguay 3 14 Peru 3 15 Uruguay 3 16 Venezuela 4 ReferencesHistory of Colombian cumbia editCumbia s background came from the coastal region of Colombia 7 To be more specific it s dance came from a coastal traditional culture As cumbia had multiple ethnic influences that originated from this region One of the biggest factors of its heritage is the African influences that was brought over by the African slaves imported from the colonization of the Spaniards The influence came from the costeno 8 dance Another influence was the integration of Spanish people The Spanish folksongs with influences from the indigenous caused the fusion of races and the elements of their cultures were likewise fused 9 The history of cumbia has evolved throughout the years known as a street dance but had a period of transiting into a ballroom dance 10 Cumbia is commonly known for having many subgenres from different countries which contributes to the different dance styles known Cumbia can be referred to as a folk dance while also being known globally as a street dance To better understand what the dances of cumbia resemble it s better to know the basics of the dance Cumbia is a two pair dance consisting the amorous conquest of a woman by a man This is crucial since the dance from the Atlantic coast 11 has the woman holding a candle in her right hand this serves as two narrative functions one to light the way for the dancing woman and the latter for a more serious motif The latter can be portrayed in an imaginative sentence as a weapon by which the woman defends herself against the advances of her partner 11 Since the 1950s cumbia has been an art form that is stylized orchestrated and lyricized contrary to the traditional form This has diverged through the years and the world known genre even had a brief period in the 1970s where it lost its popularity Expansion into Latin America editAs the genre evolved it expanded throughout Latin America With the expansion cumbia has seen variations of the form Cumbia being internationally recognized as a music genre had an effect on the public mindset In the 1970s Colombia was introduced to salsa which almost caused the disappearance of cumbia from dance parties and clubs Although that was detrimental it could be argued that cumbia found stability in Central America including Mexico and Peru 12 The transformation of cumbia in other countries to better align with the taste of populations with very different aesthetic traditions from the strongly African derived coastal culture 13 from which it originally emerged Representing cumbia being perceived as expressing the harmonious outcome of racial and cultural blending This socially affected the public views on the highly discriminated mestizo working class Socially and economically the public has changed their views on mestizos due to cumbia being a large factor in shaping their perspective Regional adaptations of Colombian cumbia editArgentina edit Argentine cumbia Cumbia villera a subgenre of Argentine cumbia born in the slums Cumbia santafesina a musical genre that emerged in Santa Fe ArgentinaBolivia edit Bolivian cumbiaChile edit Chilean cumbia New Chilean cumbiaColombia edit Cumbia Colombia Costa Rica edit Costa Rican cumbiaEcuador edit Ecuadorian cumbia TurbocumbiaEl Salvador edit Salvadoran cumbia Cumbia marimbera a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central AmericaGuatemala edit Guatemalan cumbia Cumbia marimbera a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central AmericaHonduras edit Honduran cumbia Cumbia marimbera a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central AmericaMexico edit Mexican cumbia Southeast cumbia or chunchaca a variant of Mexican cumbia Northern Mexican cumbia a variant of Mexican cumbia developed in northeastern Mexico and part of Texas former Mexican territory Cumbia sonidera a variant of Mexican cumbia Cumbia marimbera a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central AmericaNicaragua edit Nicaraguan cumbia Cumbia chinandegana Cumbia marimbera a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central AmericaPanama edit Panamanian cumbia A subgenre that involves Panamanian folk dance and the cumbia musical genre developed by enslaved people of African descent during the expansion of Spanish rule in Panama and later syncretized with American Indigenous and European cultural elements Paraguay edit Cachaca es a fusion of cumbia sonidera nortena vallenato and cumbia villeraPeru edit Peruvian cumbia also known as chicha or psychedelic cumbia 14 Chicha es or Andean tropical music Amazonian cumbia or jungle cumbia a popular subgenre of Peruvian cumbia created in the Peruvian Amazon Cumbia piurana a set of styles and sub genres linked to cumbia that have been produced in Piura a region on the north Peruvian coast since the mid 1960s Cumbia sanjuanera a subgenre of cumbia piurana Cumbia surena a subgenre of Peruvian cumbia a fusion of Andean cumbia and technoUruguay edit Uruguayan cumbiaVenezuela edit Venezuelan cumbiaReferences edit Everything you need to know about Cumbia colombia co 27 July 2015 Archived from the original on 23 September 2022 Retrieved September 23 2022 Yurco Cherie 2014 02 25 Cumbia The Sound of Colombia Making Music Magazine Archived from the original on 2022 11 09 Retrieved 2023 02 25 Cumbia the Danceable Musical Tradition that Defies Borders Marfa Public Radio 2017 08 31 Archived from the original on 2023 02 25 Retrieved 2023 02 25 The Cumbia Drumset Adaptations of a Traditional Colombian Panamanian Rhythm moderndrummer com Archived from the original on 2021 05 11 Retrieved 2021 06 17 Colombia Land of a Thousand Rhythms colombia co 16 March 2015 Archived from the original on 23 September 2022 Retrieved September 23 2022 Parra Valencia Diego 2019 El libro de la cumbia Resonancias transferencias y transplantes de las cumbias latinoamericanas Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano Discos Fuentes Edimusica S A Cumbia Scenes of a Migrant Latin American Music Genre Duke University Press 2013 ISBN 978 0 8223 5414 7 Wade Peter 2008 African Diaspora and Colombian Popular Music in the Twentieth Century Black Music Research Journal 28 2 41 56 ISSN 0276 3605 Santos Mary September 1944 Music in Colombia Music Educators Journal 31 1 24 25 doi 10 2307 3386695 ISSN 0027 4321 Carmona Antonio Bruges Musica Costena Realism Magico 2014 5 12 a b Olivella Delia Zapata 1967 An Introduction to the Folk Dances of Colombia Ethnomusicology 11 1 91 96 doi 10 2307 850500 ISSN 0014 1836 Joe Diomedez Pacini PDF Latin American Music Performing Arts Scribd Retrieved 2023 11 28 Hernandez Deborah Pacini Cumbia A Selection of Colombian Cumbia Recordings Peregoyo y Su Combo Vacana Tropicalisimo 36 2 1992 288 296 Cumbia The Musical Backbone Of Latin America npr org Archived from the original on 2022 12 09 Retrieved 2023 02 22 nbsp This article includes a list of related items that share the same name or similar names If an internal link incorrectly led you here you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cumbia amp oldid 1209038516, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
