Cultural property, also known as cultural patrimony, comprises the physical items that are part of the cultural heritage of a group or society,[1] as opposed to less tangible cultural expressions.[2] They include such items as cultural landscapes, historic buildings, works of art, archaeological sites, as well as collections of libraries, archives, and museums.
Plaque of the Federal Monuments Office on a building in Salzburg indicating "Cultural property" in four languages; German: Kulturdenkmal, English: Cultural property, French: Bien culturel, and Russian: Культурное достояние.
Cultural property is legally protected by a number of international agreements and national laws. There is intensive cooperation between the United Nations, UNESCO and Blue Shield International on the protection of cultural goods.[3][4][5]
The phrase was used in various contexts in the 19th century. In 1891, The Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission described various countries' relationships to their fishing-related cultural properties including Germany, England, France, Italy, and Holland.[6] In 1899, it was also used in the context of oyster fishing in Holland.[7]
"The term 'cultural property' shall cover, irrespective of origin or ownership:
(a) movable or immovable property of great importance to the cultural heritage of every people, such as monuments of architecture, art, or history, whether religious or secular; archaeological sites; groups of buildings which, as a whole, are of historical or artistic interest; works of art; manuscripts, books and other objects of artistic, historical or archaeological interest; as well as scientific collections and important collections of books or archives or reproductions of the property defined above;
(b) buildings whose main and effective purpose is to preserve or exhibit the movable cultural property defined in sub-paragraph (a) such as museums, large libraries and depositories of archives, and refuges intended to shelter, in the event of armed conflict, the movable cultural property defined in sub-paragraph (a);
(c) centers containing a large amount of cultural property as defined in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b), to be known as 'centers containing monuments'."
Cultural heritage has been described as the 'most distinguishing form of a culture's expression' and includes both tangible and intangible elements such as 'traditional dances, customs and ceremonies'.[10] Cultural property is the essential elements of a culture that allow it to determined and identified.[10]
Emblemedit
The Blue Shield is a symbol of protection that identifies cultural property to be protected in the event of armed conflict and those responsible for protecting it: its use is restricted under international law. The 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict describes the logo and lays down conditions for its use.
Article 16 of the Convention describes the internationally recognized mark for cultural property as follows:
(1) The distinctive emblem of the Convention shall take the form of a shield, pointed below, persaltire blue and white (a shield consisting of a royal-blue square, one of the angles of which forms the point of the shield, and of a royal-blue triangle above the square, the space on either side being taken up by a white triangle).
Use of the Emblem is restricted under international humanitarian law. Guidance for using the emblem is available from The Blue Shield, and UNESCO.
Historyedit
The theme of the 1998 and 1999 International Museum Day was "The Fight against Illicit Traffic of Cultural Property."[11]
^Lixinski, Lucas, 'Definitions: From Cultural Property to Cultural Heritage (and Back?)', International Heritage Law for Communities: Exclusion and Re-Imagination, Cultural Heritage Law and Policy (Oxford, 2019; online edn, Oxford Academic, 18 July 2019), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843306.003.0002, accessed 27 Jan. 2023.
^"UNESCO Legal Instruments: Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1999".
^Roger O'Keefe, Camille Péron, Tofig Musayev, Gianluca Ferrari "Protection of Cultural Property. Military Manual." UNESCO, 2016, S. 73ff.
^UNESCO Director-General calls for stronger cooperation for heritage protection at the Blue Shield International General Assembly. UNESCO, 13 September 2017.
^Commission, United States Fish (1893). Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. U.S. Government Printing Office.
^Parliament, Canada (1899). Sessional Papers of the Dominion of Canada.
^Knox, Christine K (2006). "They've Lost Their Marbles: 2002 Universal Museums' Declaration, The Elgin Marbles and the Future of the Repatriation Movement". Suffolk Transnational Law Review. 29: 315–336.
^Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict with Regulations for the Execution of the Convention 1954 at the UNESCO website
^ abShapiro, Daniel (1998). "Repatriation: A modest Proposal". heinonline.org. from the original on 2021-08-04. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
cultural, property, also, known, cultural, patrimony, comprises, physical, items, that, part, cultural, heritage, group, society, opposed, less, tangible, cultural, expressions, they, include, such, items, cultural, landscapes, historic, buildings, works, arch. Cultural property also known as cultural patrimony comprises the physical items that are part of the cultural heritage of a group or society 1 as opposed to less tangible cultural expressions 2 They include such items as cultural landscapes historic buildings works of art archaeological sites as well as collections of libraries archives and museums Plaque of the Federal Monuments Office on a building in Salzburg indicating Cultural property in four languages German Kulturdenkmal English Cultural property French Bien culturel and Russian Kulturnoe dostoyanie Cultural property is legally protected by a number of international agreements and national laws There is intensive cooperation between the United Nations UNESCO and Blue Shield International on the protection of cultural goods 3 4 5 Contents 1 Definition 2 Emblem 3 History 4 See also 5 ReferencesDefinition editThe phrase was used in various contexts in the 19th century In 1891 The Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission described various countries relationships to their fishing related cultural properties including Germany England France Italy and Holland 6 In 1899 it was also used in the context of oyster fishing in Holland 7 There is no universally agreed upon definition of cultural property 8 One widely used definition is provided by Article 1 of the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict of 1954 9 The term cultural property shall cover irrespective of origin or ownership a movable or immovable property of great importance to the cultural heritage of every people such as monuments of architecture art or history whether religious or secular archaeological sites groups of buildings which as a whole are of historical or artistic interest works of art manuscripts books and other objects of artistic historical or archaeological interest as well as scientific collections and important collections of books or archives or reproductions of the property defined above b buildings whose main and effective purpose is to preserve or exhibit the movable cultural property defined in sub paragraph a such as museums large libraries and depositories of archives and refuges intended to shelter in the event of armed conflict the movable cultural property defined in sub paragraph a c centers containing a large amount of cultural property as defined in sub paragraphs a and b to be known as centers containing monuments Cultural heritage has been described as the most distinguishing form of a culture s expression and includes both tangible and intangible elements such as traditional dances customs and ceremonies 10 Cultural property is the essential elements of a culture that allow it to determined and identified 10 Emblem edit nbsp The Blue Shield is a symbol of protection that identifies cultural property to be protected in the event of armed conflict and those responsible for protecting it its use is restricted under international law The 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict describes the logo and lays down conditions for its use Article 16 of the Convention describes the internationally recognized mark for cultural property as follows 1 The distinctive emblem of the Convention shall take the form of a shield pointed below persaltire blue and white a shield consisting of a royal blue square one of the angles of which forms the point of the shield and of a royal blue triangle above the square the space on either side being taken up by a white triangle Use of the Emblem is restricted under international humanitarian law Guidance for using the emblem is available from The Blue Shield and UNESCO History editThe theme of the 1998 and 1999 International Museum Day was The Fight against Illicit Traffic of Cultural Property 11 See also editHeritage asset Heritage site World Heritage Site National Heritage Site National Monument Philippine Registry of Cultural Property National Commission for Culture and the ArtsReferences edit Ann Marie Sullivan Cultural Heritage amp New Media A Future for the Past 15 J MARSHALL REV INTELL PROP L 604 2016 https repository jmls edu cgi viewcontent cgi article 1392 amp context ripl Lixinski Lucas Definitions From Cultural Property to Cultural Heritage and Back International Heritage Law for Communities Exclusion and Re Imagination Cultural Heritage Law and Policy Oxford 2019 online edn Oxford Academic 18 July 2019 https doi org 10 1093 oso 9780198843306 003 0002 accessed 27 Jan 2023 UNESCO Legal Instruments Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1999 Roger O Keefe Camille Peron Tofig Musayev Gianluca Ferrari Protection of Cultural Property Military Manual UNESCO 2016 S 73ff UNESCO Director General calls for stronger cooperation for heritage protection at the Blue Shield International General Assembly UNESCO 13 September 2017 Commission United States Fish 1893 Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission U S Government Printing Office Parliament Canada 1899 Sessional Papers of the Dominion of Canada Knox Christine K 2006 They ve Lost Their Marbles 2002 Universal Museums Declaration The Elgin Marbles and the Future of the Repatriation Movement Suffolk Transnational Law Review 29 315 336 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict with Regulations for the Execution of the Convention 1954 at the UNESCO website a b Shapiro Daniel 1998 Repatriation A modest Proposal heinonline org Archived from the original on 2021 08 04 Retrieved 2021 08 04 Launch of International Museum Day 2011 Objects tell your story Hunan Provincial Museum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cultural property amp oldid 1192038054, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
