A crowned republic, also known as a monarchial republic, is an informal term that has been used to refer to a system of monarchy where the monarch's role may be seen as almost entirely ceremonial and where nearly all of the royal prerogatives are exercised in such a way that the monarch personally has little power over executive and constitutional issues. The term has been used by a small number of authors (below) to informally describe governments such as Australia and the United Kingdom, although these countries are classified as constitutional monarchies. A crowned republic may refer also for the historical republic with a doge as the head of the state, especially Venice and Genoa or even the Republic of San Marino.
As an informal term, "crowned republic" lacks any set definition as to its meaning, and the precise difference between a constitutional monarchy and a "crowned republic" remains vague. Different individuals have described various states as crowned republics for varied reasons. For example, James Bryce wrote in 1921:
"By Monarchy I understand the thing not the Name i.e. not any State the head of which is called King or Emperor, but one in which the personal will of the monarch is constantly effective, and in the last resort predominant, factor of government. Thus, while such a monarchy as that of Norway is really a Crowned Republic, and indeed a democratic republic, monarchy was in Russia before 1917, and in Turkey before 1905, and to a less degree in Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy until 1918, an appreciable force in the conduct of affairs".[1]
"[T]he British constitution is much more like a republic than an empire. They define a republic to be a government of laws, and not of men. If this definition be just, the British constitution is nothing more nor less than a republic, in which the king is first magistrate. This office being hereditary, and being possessed of such ample and splendid prerogatives, is no objection to the government’s being a republic, as long as it is bound by fixed laws, which the people have a voice in making, and a right to defend. An empire is a despotism, and an emperor a despot, bound by no law or limitation but his own will; it is a stretch of tyranny beyond absolute monarchy."[2]
The Australian Republic Advisory Committee described the country as a "crowned republic" and stated it was "a state in which sovereignty resides in its people, and in which all public offices, except that at the very apex of the system, are filled by persons deriving their authority directly or indirectly from the people" so "it may be appropriate to regard Australia as a crowned republic".[3] Australian founding father Richard Chaffey Baker did not use the term "crowned republic" but has been identified as one of the first to articulate this view. He "proudly proclaimed his loyalty to the Queen in the same breath as he declared himself a republican", holding that republicanism did not solely revolve around absence of monarchy.[4]
H. G. Wells (1866–1946) used the term in his book A Short History of the World to describe the United Kingdom,[5] as did Alfred, Lord Tennyson in 1873 in an epilogue to Idylls of the King.[6] In referring to the UK as a crowned republic, the Australian Republic Advisory Committee stated "Britain has not been a constitutional monarchy since probably the late 18th century."[3]
In the Kingdom of Greece, the term Βασιλευομένη Δημοκρατία (Vasilevoméni Dimokratía, literally crowned democracy or crowned republic) became popular after the 23 October 1862 Revolution, which resulted in the introduction of the 1864 constitution.[7] The Constitution of 1952 enshrined the concept into law by declaring the form of government that of a Crowned Republic.[8] This is sometimes translated as "Crowned Democracy".[9]
The Monarchical Republic of Queen Elizabeth IEdit
In 1987, Patrick Collinson argued that the government of Elizabethan England (1558–1603) can be described as a "monarchical republic", because there were serious limits on the queen's independent authority, and some privy councillors sponsored a scheme to allow a brief interregnum if the queen should be killed by her Catholic enemies.[10] Many historians have accepted and expanded upon this theory.[11] However, in 2019, Jonathan McGovern suggested that this formulation is an exaggeration, and has been treated too seriously by subsequent historians.[12]
^"John Adams argues that the British Empire is not a "true" empire but a form of a "republic" where the rule of law operates (1763)". Online Library of Liberty. from the original on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2021-10-10.
^McKenna, Mark (November 1997). "Sir Richard Chaffey Baker—the Senate's First Republican" (PDF). Papers on Parliament. Department of the Senate. 30: 49–62.
^Markesinis, Basil S. (1973). "Reflections on the Greek Constitution". Parliamentary Affairs. 27 (1973September): 8–27. doi:10.1093/parlij/27.1973sep.8.
^Patrick Collinson, ‘The Monarchical Republic of Queen Elizabeth I’, Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 69, no. 2 (1987), 394-424.
^John F. McDiarmid, ed. The Monarchical Republic of Early Modern England: Essays in Response to Patrick Collinson (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007).
^Jonathan McGovern, ‘Was Elizabethan England Really a Monarchical Republic?’, Historical Research 92, no. 257 (2019), 515-528.
ReferencesEdit
"Ελλάς (Πολίτευμα)" [Greece (Form of Government)]. The Great Greek Encyclopedia (in Greek). Athens: Pyrsos Publishing. 1934. p. 239. Retrieved 31 August 2018. Through the Constitution of 1864, constitutional monarchy, or, as it had been described, 'crowned democracy', or 'democratic monarchy', was consolidated as the form of government in Greece.
Patmore, Glenn (2009). Choosing the Republic. University of New South Wales Press. ISBN978-1-74223-015-3.
"Σύνταγμα της Ελλάδος" [Constitution of Greece] (PDF). hellenicparliament.gr (in Greek). Athens: Hellenic Parliament. 1952. p. 6. Retrieved 31 August 2018. Article 21: The Form of Government of Greece is that of a Crowned Republic. All powers stem from the Nation and are exercised in accordance with the Constitution.
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord (1873). . Idylls of the King. Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2008-04-02. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Wells, H.G. (1922). "LXIV. The British Empire in 1914". A Short History of the World.
October 21, 2023
crowned, republic, crowned, republic, also, known, monarchial, republic, informal, term, that, been, used, refer, system, monarchy, where, monarch, role, seen, almost, entirely, ceremonial, where, nearly, royal, prerogatives, exercised, such, that, monarch, pe. A crowned republic also known as a monarchial republic is an informal term that has been used to refer to a system of monarchy where the monarch s role may be seen as almost entirely ceremonial and where nearly all of the royal prerogatives are exercised in such a way that the monarch personally has little power over executive and constitutional issues The term has been used by a small number of authors below to informally describe governments such as Australia and the United Kingdom although these countries are classified as constitutional monarchies A crowned republic may refer also for the historical republic with a doge as the head of the state especially Venice and Genoa or even the Republic of San Marino Contents 1 History 2 The Monarchical Republic of Queen Elizabeth I 3 See also 4 Notes 5 ReferencesHistory EditAs an informal term crowned republic lacks any set definition as to its meaning and the precise difference between a constitutional monarchy and a crowned republic remains vague Different individuals have described various states as crowned republics for varied reasons For example James Bryce wrote in 1921 By Monarchy I understand the thing not the Name i e not any State the head of which is called King or Emperor but one in which the personal will of the monarch is constantly effective and in the last resort predominant factor of government Thus while such a monarchy as that of Norway is really a Crowned Republic and indeed a democratic republic monarchy was in Russia before 1917 and in Turkey before 1905 and to a less degree in Germany and the Austro Hungarian Monarchy until 1918 an appreciable force in the conduct of affairs 1 In 1763 John Adams argued that the British Empire was a form of republic T he British constitution is much more like a republic than an empire They define a republic to be a government of laws and not of men If this definition be just the British constitution is nothing more nor less than a republic in which the king is first magistrate This office being hereditary and being possessed of such ample and splendid prerogatives is no objection to the government s being a republic as long as it is bound by fixed laws which the people have a voice in making and a right to defend An empire is a despotism and an emperor a despot bound by no law or limitation but his own will it is a stretch of tyranny beyond absolute monarchy 2 The Australian Republic Advisory Committee described the country as a crowned republic and stated it was a state in which sovereignty resides in its people and in which all public offices except that at the very apex of the system are filled by persons deriving their authority directly or indirectly from the people so it may be appropriate to regard Australia as a crowned republic 3 Australian founding father Richard Chaffey Baker did not use the term crowned republic but has been identified as one of the first to articulate this view He proudly proclaimed his loyalty to the Queen in the same breath as he declared himself a republican holding that republicanism did not solely revolve around absence of monarchy 4 H G Wells 1866 1946 used the term in his book A Short History of the World to describe the United Kingdom 5 as did Alfred Lord Tennyson in 1873 in an epilogue to Idylls of the King 6 In referring to the UK as a crowned republic the Australian Republic Advisory Committee stated Britain has not been a constitutional monarchy since probably the late 18th century 3 In the Kingdom of Greece the term Basileyomenh Dhmokratia Vasilevomeni Dimokratia literally crowned democracy or crowned republic became popular after the 23 October 1862 Revolution which resulted in the introduction of the 1864 constitution 7 The Constitution of 1952 enshrined the concept into law by declaring the form of government that of a Crowned Republic 8 This is sometimes translated as Crowned Democracy 9 The Monarchical Republic of Queen Elizabeth I EditIn 1987 Patrick Collinson argued that the government of Elizabethan England 1558 1603 can be described as a monarchical republic because there were serious limits on the queen s independent authority and some privy councillors sponsored a scheme to allow a brief interregnum if the queen should be killed by her Catholic enemies 10 Many historians have accepted and expanded upon this theory 11 However in 2019 Jonathan McGovern suggested that this formulation is an exaggeration and has been treated too seriously by subsequent historians 12 See also EditPopular monarchy Aristocratic republic de Notes Edit Bryce 1921 p 535 John Adams argues that the British Empire is not a true empire but a form of a republic where the rule of law operates 1763 Online Library of Liberty Archived from the original on 2021 05 06 Retrieved 2021 10 10 a b Patmore 2009 p 105 McKenna Mark November 1997 Sir Richard Chaffey Baker the Senate s First Republican PDF Papers on Parliament Department of the Senate 30 49 62 Wells 1922 Chapter LXIV Tennyson 1873 Great Greek Encyclopedia 1934 p 239 Constitution of Greece 1952 Markesinis Basil S 1973 Reflections on the Greek Constitution Parliamentary Affairs 27 1973September 8 27 doi 10 1093 parlij 27 1973sep 8 Patrick Collinson The Monarchical Republic of Queen Elizabeth I Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 69 no 2 1987 394 424 John F McDiarmid ed The Monarchical Republic of Early Modern England Essays in Response to Patrick Collinson Aldershot Ashgate 2007 Jonathan McGovern Was Elizabethan England Really a Monarchical Republic Historical Research 92 no 257 2019 515 528 References Edit Ellas Politeyma Greece Form of Government The Great Greek Encyclopedia in Greek Athens Pyrsos Publishing 1934 p 239 Retrieved 31 August 2018 Through the Constitution of 1864 constitutional monarchy or as it had been described crowned democracy or democratic monarchy was consolidated as the form of government in Greece Bryce James 1921 Modern democracies Vol 2 Kessinger Publishing ISBN 1 4179 1173 5 Patmore Glenn 2009 Choosing the Republic University of New South Wales Press ISBN 978 1 74223 015 3 Syntagma ths Ellados Constitution of Greece PDF hellenicparliament gr in Greek Athens Hellenic Parliament 1952 p 6 Retrieved 31 August 2018 Article 21 The Form of Government of Greece is that of a Crowned Republic All powers stem from the Nation and are exercised in accordance with the Constitution Tennyson Alfred Lord 1873 To the Queen Idylls of the King Archived from the original on 2016 03 06 Retrieved 2008 04 02 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a website ignored help CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Wells H G 1922 LXIV The British Empire in 1914 A Short History of the World Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Crowned republic amp oldid 1166783716, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
