Crotalus ravus, commonly known as the Mexican pigmy rattlesnake[3] or Mexican pygmy rattlesnake,[4] is a venomouspit viper species, found only in Mexico. Three subspecies are currently recognized.[5]
A study using mitochondrial DNA strongly suggests that C. ravus is part of a species complex including Crotalus triseriatus, Crotalus pusillus, Crotalus aquilus, and Crotalus lepidus.[6] This study also confirmed strong genetic differentiation among the three subspecies aligning with geographic barriers. A follow-up study using seven nuclear markers places S. ravus basal to all other members of the species complex.[7]
Adults of this species usually grow to a length of 40–65 centimetres (16–26 in), but may reach more than 70 cm (28 in). They are moderately stout in build.[4]
The distinguishing characteristics for the nominate subspecies C. r. ravus include parietal scales that are highly variable in shape and particularly large, less than 3 prefoveals, 21 midbody dorsal scales, 2–4 tail bands and a relatively large rattle.[4]
Distributionedit
Found only in Mexico in the mountains in the center and south of the country, west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Its range includes the southeastern part of the Mexican Plateau in the highlands of Mexico, Morelos, Tlaxcala, Puebla, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero. The type locality given is the "Table land of Mexico." Cochran (1961) interpreted this to be the "south tableland, Veracruz, Mexico."[2]
Campbell and Lamar (2004)[4] describe this species as being found across the Mexican Plateau in the temperate regions of moderate to high elevations. They estimate the vertical distribution to be from about 1,490 metres (4,890 ft) above sea level to a little over 3,000 m (9,800 ft) altitude.[4]
Conservationedit
Although being listed as of "Least Concern" by the IUCN, C. ravus was listed as "threatened" by the Mexican government in 2010.[9]
Referencesedit
^Canseco-Márquez, L.; Mendoza-Quijano, F. (2007). "Crotalus ravus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2007: e.T64330A12771045. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64330A12771045.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^ abMcDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN1-893777-01-4 (volume).
^Klauber LM. 1997. Rattlesnakes: Their Habitats, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind. Second Edition. 2 volumes. Reprint, University of California Press, Berkeley. ISBN0-520-21056-5.
^ abcdefCampbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN0-8014-4141-2.
^Bryson, Robert W. (2011). "Evolutionary drivers of phylogeographical diversity in the highlands of Mexico: a case study of the Crotalus triseriatus species group of montane rattlesnakes". Journal of Biogeography. 38 (4): 697–710. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02431.x. S2CID 83843594.
^Bryson, Robert W. Jr.; Linkem, Charles W.; Dorcas, Michael E.; Lathrop, Amy; Jones, Jason M.; Alvarado-Diaz, Javier; Grusnwald, Christoph I.; Murphy, Robert W. (2014). "Multilocus species delimitation in the Crotalus triseriatus species group (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species". Zootaxa. 3826 (3): 475–496. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3826.3.3. PMID 24990060.
^Sistrurus ravus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 12 December 2007.
crotalus, ravus, commonly, known, mexican, pigmy, rattlesnake, mexican, pygmy, rattlesnake, venomous, viper, species, found, only, mexico, three, subspecies, currently, recognized, conservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, scientific, classificationdomain, euk. Crotalus ravus commonly known as the Mexican pigmy rattlesnake 3 or Mexican pygmy rattlesnake 4 is a venomous pit viper species found only in Mexico Three subspecies are currently recognized 5 Crotalus ravusConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ReptiliaOrder SquamataSuborder SerpentesFamily ViperidaeGenus CrotalusSpecies C ravusBinomial nameCrotalus ravus Cope 1865 Synonyms 2 Crotalus ravus Cope 1865 Caudisona rava Cope 1875 Crotalus miliarius Var ravus Garman 1884 Crotalophorus ravus Cope 1885 Sistrurus ravus Boulenger 1896 Crotalus Sistrurus ravus Hoge 1966 Sistrurus ravus ravus Harris amp Simmons 1977 Sistrurus ravus lutescens Harris amp Simmons 1977 Contents 1 Taxonomy 1 1 Subspecies 2 Description 3 Distribution 4 Conservation 5 ReferencesTaxonomy editA study using mitochondrial DNA strongly suggests that C ravus is part of a species complex including Crotalus triseriatus Crotalus pusillus Crotalus aquilus and Crotalus lepidus 6 This study also confirmed strong genetic differentiation among the three subspecies aligning with geographic barriers A follow up study using seven nuclear markers places S ravus basal to all other members of the species complex 7 Subspecies edit Subspecies 5 Taxon author 5 Common name 8 Geographic range 4 C r brunneus Harris amp Simmons 1977 Oaxacan pygmy rattlesnake Mexico in the highlands of Oaxaca C r exiguus Campbell amp Armstrong 1979 Guerreran pygmy rattlesnake Mexico in the Sierra Madre del Sur of central Guerrero C r ravus Cope 1865 Central Mexican pygmy rattlesnake Mexico in the Altiplanicie Meridional including the states of Mexico Morelos Tlaxcala Puebla and Veracruz Description editAdults of this species usually grow to a length of 40 65 centimetres 16 26 in but may reach more than 70 cm 28 in They are moderately stout in build 4 The distinguishing characteristics for the nominate subspecies C r ravus include parietal scales that are highly variable in shape and particularly large less than 3 prefoveals 21 midbody dorsal scales 2 4 tail bands and a relatively large rattle 4 Distribution editFound only in Mexico in the mountains in the center and south of the country west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec Its range includes the southeastern part of the Mexican Plateau in the highlands of Mexico Morelos Tlaxcala Puebla Veracruz Oaxaca and the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero The type locality given is the Table land of Mexico Cochran 1961 interpreted this to be the south tableland Veracruz Mexico 2 Campbell and Lamar 2004 4 describe this species as being found across the Mexican Plateau in the temperate regions of moderate to high elevations They estimate the vertical distribution to be from about 1 490 metres 4 890 ft above sea level to a little over 3 000 m 9 800 ft altitude 4 Conservation editAlthough being listed as of Least Concern by the IUCN C ravus was listed as threatened by the Mexican government in 2010 9 References edit Canseco Marquez L Mendoza Quijano F 2007 Crotalus ravus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007 e T64330A12771045 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2007 RLTS T64330A12771045 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 a b McDiarmid RW Campbell JA Toure T 1999 Snake Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference vol 1 Herpetologists League 511 pp ISBN 1 893777 00 6 series ISBN 1 893777 01 4 volume Klauber LM 1997 Rattlesnakes Their Habitats Life Histories and Influence on Mankind Second Edition 2 volumes Reprint University of California Press Berkeley ISBN 0 520 21056 5 a b c d e f Campbell JA Lamar WW 2004 The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere Comstock Publishing Associates Ithaca and London 870 pp 1500 plates ISBN 0 8014 4141 2 a b c Crotalus ravus Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved 4 March 2007 Bryson Robert W 2011 Evolutionary drivers of phylogeographical diversity in the highlands of Mexico a case study of the Crotalus triseriatus species group of montane rattlesnakes Journal of Biogeography 38 4 697 710 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2699 2010 02431 x S2CID 83843594 Bryson Robert W Jr Linkem Charles W Dorcas Michael E Lathrop Amy Jones Jason M Alvarado Diaz Javier Grusnwald Christoph I Murphy Robert W 2014 Multilocus species delimitation in the Crotalus triseriatus species group Serpentes Viperidae Crotalinae with the description of two new species Zootaxa 3826 3 475 496 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 3826 3 3 PMID 24990060 Sistrurus ravus at the Reptarium cz Reptile Database Accessed 12 December 2007 NOM 059 SEMARNAT 2010 http dof gob mx nota detalle php codigo 5173091 amp fecha 30 12 2010 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Crotalus ravus amp oldid 1148024297, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
