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County corporate

January 01, 1970

A county corporate or corporate county was a type of subnational division used for local government in England, Wales, and Ireland.

Counties corporate were created during the Middle Ages, and were effectively small self-governing county-empowered entities such as towns or cities which were deemed to be important enough to be independent from their counties. A county corporate could also be known as a county of itself, similar to an independent city or consolidated city-county in other countries.

While they were administratively distinct counties, with their own sheriffs and lord lieutenancies, most of the counties corporate remained part of the "county at large" for purposes such as the county assize courts. From the 17th century, the separate jurisdictions of the counties corporate were increasingly merged with that of the surrounding county,[citation needed] so that by the late 19th century the title was mostly a ceremonial one.

History edit

By the 14th century, the growth of some towns had led to strong opposition to their government by local counties. While charters giving various rights were awarded to each borough, some were awarded complete effective independence including their own sheriffs, quarter sessions and other officials, and were sometimes given governing rights over a swathe of surrounding countryside. They were referred to in the form "Town and County of ..." or "City and County of ...", and so became known as the counties corporate. Other counties corporate were created to deal with specific local problems, such as border conflict (in the case of Berwick-upon-Tweed) and piracy (in the cases of Poole and Haverfordwest).

In the late 19th century the status of counties corporate changed. By the Militia Act 1882 the lieutenancies of the cities and towns were combined with those of adjacent counties, with two exceptions: the City of London, which retained its separate status, and Haverfordwest, which had a separate lieutenancy until 1974.[1] Then the Local Government Act 1888 created the new status of county borough in England and Wales, with administrative functions similar to counties corporate. Some smaller counties corporate (Berwick upon Tweed, Lichfield, Poole, Carmarthen and Haverfordwest) became part of the administrative county in which they were situated. The City of London retained its previous status. Other counties corporate became county boroughs.

In England and Wales counties corporate were not formally abolished until 1974, although the only vestiges of their existence were the right of the city or borough corporation to appoint a ceremonial sheriff; and the fact that the letters patent appointing lord lieutenants still included the names of the town or city. For example, the Lord Lieutenant of Gloucestershire's full title was "Lieutenant of and in the County of Gloucester, and the City and County of Gloucester, and the City and County of Bristol".

Ireland edit

In Ireland, eight counties corporate were extant by 1610. Each had its own grand jury, assizes and county gaol, separate from those of the adjoining "county-at-large", even though the relevant city or town might be the county town of the county-at-large, in which case the latter's courthouse and gaol would be considered exclaves of the county-at-large.[2] An act of 1788 allowed the same courthouse or gaol to be shared by county corporate and county-at-large.[3] (Dublin city and County Dublin, like the City of London and Middlesex, were outside the assize system but similarly separate jurisdictions.) Where an act of Parliament referred to "any county" it was doubtful that this included counties corporate, the latter intent being expressed as "any county, county of a city, or county of a town". Acts of 1542 and 1765 were extended to counties corporate in 1807.[4] Each county corporate contained rural "liberties" outside the city or town's municipal boundary; in six cases these were transferred to the adjacent county-at-large in 1840–2; the exceptions were Galway and Carrickfergus, where the municipal corporation was abolished instead.[5] The extant baronies of Cork and Dublin are coterminous with the territories transferred from the respective cities in 1840, while the North Liberties barony is part of the former county of the city of Limerick, whose south liberties were absorbed by pre-existing baronies. The 1842 report of the Select Committee on Grand Jury Presentments of Ireland found none of the counties corporate except Drogheda derived any advantage from their status, and recommended they be absorbed as baronies of the adjoining county-at-large.[6] The counties corporate were explicitly abolished in 1899 under the terms of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898. Cork, Dublin, Limerick and Waterford became county boroughs. Carrickfergus, Drogheda, Galway and Kilkenny became parts of administrative counties.[7] The baronies of Carrickfergus and Galway are coterminous with the former corporate counties.

List of counties corporate edit

The counties corporate (listed with date of creation where known) were:[8]

England edit

  1. ^ The City of Bristol regained its separate shrievalty and lieutenancy in 1996.
  2. ^ The City of London retains its separate shrievalty and lieutenancy.

Wales edit

Ireland edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Militia Act 1882. Law Journal Reports. 6 October 1882. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  2. ^ 3 Geo.3 c.34 (Ir) s.88
  3. ^ Courthouses and Gaols Act 1788 (28 Geo.3 c.38 (Ir.))
  4. ^ 47 Geo. 3 Sess. 1 c. 43 and County Infirmaries (Ireland) Act 1807 (47 Geo. 3 Sess. 2 c. 50)
  5. ^ Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840 (3 & 4 Vict. c.108); Counties and Boroughs (Ireland) Act 1840 (3 & 4 Vict. c.109); Dublin Baronies Act 1842 (5 & 6 Vict. c.82)
  6. ^ House of Commons Select Committee on Grand Jury Presentments of Ireland (1842). Report, minutes of evidence and appendix. Command papers. Vol. 42 Sub-vol.1 No.386. HMSO. p. xliv.[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ A Handbook of Local Government in Ireland (1899) p.51
  8. ^ F. A. Youngs, Guide to Local Administrative Units of England, 2 volumes, London, 1979 and 1991
  9. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Newcastle-upon-Tyne" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 472–474.
  10. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Norwich" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 819–820.
  11. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Worcester" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 821–822.
  12. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "York" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 927–929.
  13. ^ Commissioners On Municipal Corporations In Ireland, Great Britain (1835). "Town of Carrickfergus". Appendix I (South-Eastern and part of the North-Eastern Circuit). Reports from Commissioners. Vol. 8: Municipal Corporations (Ireland). p. 743.; Robinson, Philip. "Carrickfergus" (PDF). Irish Historic Towns Atlas Online. Royal Irish Academy. pp. 2, 3, 9. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
  14. ^ "Charters". Cork City Council. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
  15. ^ Johnston, L. C. (1826). History of Drogheda: from the earliest period to the present time. Drogheda. p. 37.
  16. ^ Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Commissioners (1835). "II: Charters; 21: Edward VI". Appendix to the Report of the Commissioners: Report on the City of Dublin; Part I. House of Lords Sessional Papers. Vol. 9, Pt 1. London: HMSO. p. 5.
  17. ^ Hardiman, James (1820). The history of the town and county of the town of Galway. Dublin. p. 99.
  18. ^ House Of Commons, Great Britain. Parliament (1835). "Kilkenny, County of the City of". Appendix I (South-Eastern and part of the North-Eastern Circuit). Reports from Commissioners. Vol. 8: Municipal Corporations (Ireland). p. 535.
  19. ^ Fitzgerald, Patrick; John James McGregor (1827). "Political and Military History". The history, topography and antiquities, of the county and city of Limerick: with a preliminary view of the history and antiquities of Ireland. Vol. II. Limerick: George McKern. p. 221.
  20. ^ Smith, Charles (1774). "Natural and Civil History". The ancient and present state of the county and city of Waterford (2nd ed.). Dublin. p. 134.
  21. ^ a b c Commissioners appointed to inquire into the municipal corporations in Ireland (1836). "Londonderry". Appendix: Part III: Conclusion of the North-Western Circuit. Command papers. Vol. XXIV. HMSO. p. 1117, §§9,10. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
  22. ^ Harris, F. W. (1980). "The Commission of 1609: Legal Aspects". Studia Hibernica (20). St. Patrick's College, Drumcondra: 31–55: 35, 47, 55. doi:10.3828/sh.1980.20.2. JSTOR 20496159. S2CID 241980327.

External links edit

  • Vision of Britain on counties corporate

January 01, 1970
county, corporate, county, corporate, corporate, county, type, subnational, division, used, local, government, england, wales, ireland, counties, corporate, were, created, during, middle, ages, were, effectively, small, self, governing, county, empowered, enti. A county corporate or corporate county was a type of subnational division used for local government in England Wales and Ireland Counties corporate were created during the Middle Ages and were effectively small self governing county empowered entities such as towns or cities which were deemed to be important enough to be independent from their counties A county corporate could also be known as a county of itself similar to an independent city or consolidated city county in other countries While they were administratively distinct counties with their own sheriffs and lord lieutenancies most of the counties corporate remained part of the county at large for purposes such as the county assize courts From the 17th century the separate jurisdictions of the counties corporate were increasingly merged with that of the surrounding county citation needed so that by the late 19th century the title was mostly a ceremonial one Contents 1 History 1 1 Ireland 2 List of counties corporate 2 1 England 2 2 Wales 2 3 Ireland 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory editBy the 14th century the growth of some towns had led to strong opposition to their government by local counties While charters giving various rights were awarded to each borough some were awarded complete effective independence including their own sheriffs quarter sessions and other officials and were sometimes given governing rights over a swathe of surrounding countryside They were referred to in the form Town and County of or City and County of and so became known as the counties corporate Other counties corporate were created to deal with specific local problems such as border conflict in the case of Berwick upon Tweed and piracy in the cases of Poole and Haverfordwest In the late 19th century the status of counties corporate changed By the Militia Act 1882 the lieutenancies of the cities and towns were combined with those of adjacent counties with two exceptions the City of London which retained its separate status and Haverfordwest which had a separate lieutenancy until 1974 1 Then the Local Government Act 1888 created the new status of county borough in England and Wales with administrative functions similar to counties corporate Some smaller counties corporate Berwick upon Tweed Lichfield Poole Carmarthen and Haverfordwest became part of the administrative county in which they were situated The City of London retained its previous status Other counties corporate became county boroughs In England and Wales counties corporate were not formally abolished until 1974 although the only vestiges of their existence were the right of the city or borough corporation to appoint a ceremonial sheriff and the fact that the letters patent appointing lord lieutenants still included the names of the town or city For example the Lord Lieutenant of Gloucestershire s full title was Lieutenant of and in the County of Gloucester and the City and County of Gloucester and the City and County of Bristol Ireland edit In Ireland eight counties corporate were extant by 1610 Each had its own grand jury assizes and county gaol separate from those of the adjoining county at large even though the relevant city or town might be the county town of the county at large in which case the latter s courthouse and gaol would be considered exclaves of the county at large 2 An act of 1788 allowed the same courthouse or gaol to be shared by county corporate and county at large 3 Dublin city and County Dublin like the City of London and Middlesex were outside the assize system but similarly separate jurisdictions Where an act of Parliament referred to any county it was doubtful that this included counties corporate the latter intent being expressed as any county county of a city or county of a town Acts of 1542 and 1765 were extended to counties corporate in 1807 4 Each county corporate contained rural liberties outside the city or town s municipal boundary in six cases these were transferred to the adjacent county at large in 1840 2 the exceptions were Galway and Carrickfergus where the municipal corporation was abolished instead 5 The extant baronies of Cork and Dublin are coterminous with the territories transferred from the respective cities in 1840 while the North Liberties barony is part of the former county of the city of Limerick whose south liberties were absorbed by pre existing baronies The 1842 report of the Select Committee on Grand Jury Presentments of Ireland found none of the counties corporate except Drogheda derived any advantage from their status and recommended they be absorbed as baronies of the adjoining county at large 6 The counties corporate were explicitly abolished in 1899 under the terms of the Local Government Ireland Act 1898 Cork Dublin Limerick and Waterford became county boroughs Carrickfergus Drogheda Galway and Kilkenny became parts of administrative counties 7 The baronies of Carrickfergus and Galway are coterminous with the former corporate counties List of counties corporate editThe counties corporate listed with date of creation where known were 8 England edit County of the Borough and Town of Berwick upon Tweed s 6 of the Berwick on Tweed Act 1836 except that the Parliamentary constituency was not made a county borough constituency County of the Town of Bristol 1373 city since 1542 a County of the City of Canterbury 1471 County of the Town of Chester 1238 1239 city since 1541 County of the City of Coventry 1451 abolished 1842 County of the City of Exeter 1537 County of the Town of Gloucester 1483 city since 1541 Kingston upon Hull County of Hullshire 1440 restricted to County of the Town of Kingston upon Hull 1835 city since 1897 County of the City of Lichfield 1556 County of the City of Lincoln 1409 City of London 1132 b County of the Town of Newcastle upon Tyne 1400 city since 1882 9 County of the City of Norwich 1404 10 County of the Town of Nottingham 1448 city since 1897 County of the Town of Poole 1568 County of the Town of Southampton 1447 city since 1964 County of the City of Worcester 1622 11 County of the City of York 1396 12 The City of Bristol regained its separate shrievalty and lieutenancy in 1996 The City of London retains its separate shrievalty and lieutenancy Wales edit County of the Town of Carmarthen 1604 County of the Town of Haverfordwest 1479 Ireland edit County of the Town of Carrickfergus 1569 Carrickfergus gave its name to a bailiwick by 1216 or county by 1276 within the Norman Earldom of Ulster after the 14th century Gaelic Resurgence Norman control was confined to the environs of the town The town s 1569 charter formally linked its corporation to the eponymous county 13 County of the City of Cork 1608 14 County of the Town of Drogheda 1412 15 County of the City of Dublin 1548 16 County of the Town of Galway 1610 17 County of the City of Kilkenny 1610 18 County of the City of Limerick 1609 19 County of the City of Waterford 1574 20 City and county of Derry 1604 13 The 1604 charter incorporated the city and liberties as the city and county of Derry 21 The 1836 report of the commissioners on municipal corporations in Ireland said the charter does not appear to have been further acted upon 21 however in 1609 the commissioners who planned for the Plantation of Ulster held assizes in the ruined city of Derry separate from those of County Donegal to the west and County Coleraine to the east and John Davies called it this little county 22 The 1613 charter renamed the city Londonderry and merged it and County Coleraine into the new County Londonderry sometimes called the City and County of Londonderry 21 See also editFree imperial cityReferences edit Militia Act 1882 Law Journal Reports 6 October 1882 Retrieved 31 August 2023 3 Geo 3 c 34 Ir s 88 Courthouses and Gaols Act 1788 28 Geo 3 c 38 Ir 47 Geo 3 Sess 1 c 43 and County Infirmaries Ireland Act 1807 47 Geo 3 Sess 2 c 50 Municipal Corporations Ireland Act 1840 3 amp 4 Vict c 108 Counties and Boroughs Ireland Act 1840 3 amp 4 Vict c 109 Dublin Baronies Act 1842 5 amp 6 Vict c 82 House of Commons Select Committee on Grand Jury Presentments of Ireland 1842 Report minutes of evidence and appendix Command papers Vol 42 Sub vol 1 No 386 HMSO p xliv permanent dead link A Handbook of Local Government in Ireland 1899 p 51 F A Youngs Guide to Local Administrative Units of England 2 volumes London 1979 and 1991 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Newcastle upon Tyne Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 19 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 472 474 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Norwich Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 19 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 819 820 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Worcester Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 28 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 821 822 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 York Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 28 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 927 929 Commissioners On Municipal Corporations In Ireland Great Britain 1835 Town of Carrickfergus Appendix I South Eastern and part of the North Eastern Circuit Reports from Commissioners Vol 8 Municipal Corporations Ireland p 743 Robinson Philip Carrickfergus PDF Irish Historic Towns Atlas Online Royal Irish Academy pp 2 3 9 Retrieved 17 February 2018 Charters Cork City Council Retrieved 15 December 2010 Johnston L C 1826 History of Drogheda from the earliest period to the present time Drogheda p 37 Municipal Corporations Ireland Commissioners 1835 II Charters 21 Edward VI Appendix to the Report of the Commissioners Report on the City of Dublin Part I House of Lords Sessional Papers Vol 9 Pt 1 London HMSO p 5 Hardiman James 1820 The history of the town and county of the town of Galway Dublin p 99 House Of Commons Great Britain Parliament 1835 Kilkenny County of the City of Appendix I South Eastern and part of the North Eastern Circuit Reports from Commissioners Vol 8 Municipal Corporations Ireland p 535 Fitzgerald Patrick John James McGregor 1827 Political and Military History The history topography and antiquities of the county and city of Limerick with a preliminary view of the history and antiquities of Ireland Vol II Limerick George McKern p 221 Smith Charles 1774 Natural and Civil History The ancient and present state of the county and city of Waterford 2nd ed Dublin p 134 a b c Commissioners appointed to inquire into the municipal corporations in Ireland 1836 Londonderry Appendix Part III Conclusion of the North Western Circuit Command papers Vol XXIV HMSO p 1117 9 10 Retrieved 1 June 2013 Harris F W 1980 The Commission of 1609 Legal Aspects Studia Hibernica 20 St Patrick s College Drumcondra 31 55 35 47 55 doi 10 3828 sh 1980 20 2 JSTOR 20496159 S2CID 241980327 External links editVision of Britain on counties corporate Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title County corporate amp oldid 1178932459, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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