Counter rocket, artillery, and mortar, abbreviated C-RAM or counter-RAM, is a set of systems used to detect and/or destroy incoming rockets, artillery, and mortar rounds in the air before they hit their ground targets, or simply provide early warning.
United States: Land-Based Phalanx Weapon Systemedit
A video of a US test fire
The 20mm Land-Based Phalanx Weapon System (also called C-RAM) is a land-based variant of the U.S. Navy's Phalanxclose-in weapon system, a radar-controlled rapid-fire gun for close-in protection of vessels from missiles.[1] Both use a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) camera to allow their operators to visually identify incoming fire before opening fire. But while naval Phalanx systems fire tungsten armor-piercing rounds, the C-RAM uses the 20mm HEIT-SD (high-explosive incendiary tracer, self-destruct) ammunition, originally developed for the M163 Vulcan air defense system. These rounds explode on impact with the target, or on tracer burnout, thereby greatly reducing the risk of collateral damage from rounds that fail to hit their target.
Israel: Iron Domeedit
Iron Dome is an Israeli missile system featuring multiple-target tracking and self-guided missile interceptors. Due to the ongoing increase of its engagement range and new missile and interception improvements, plus surface-to-air missile capability, it has developed into a fully-fledged air defence system. By November 2012, the system had intercepted over 400 rockets fired into Israel by Gaza Strip militants. Based on operational success, defense reporter Mark Thompson estimates that Iron Dome is currently the most-effective and most-tested counter missile system in existence.
A typical Porcupine configuration for the Italian Army consists of four firing units, one central control post for target designation and weapon control and a 3D radar system "track while scan type" for surveillance and target tracking. Each remote firing unit consists of a 20 mm M61A1 Gatling cannon, its ammunition handling system and a stabilised optronic infra-red (IR) tracking system.[2]
Italy: DRACOedit
The DRACO is a multipurpose weapon station operating against Air, R.A.M. and Surface targets. It was designed for the Italian Army by OTO-Melara using the Centauro 8x8 wheeled armored vehicle chassis. The main armament consists of a high rate of fire 76mm/62 gun with an automatic ammunition loading system; the 76mm/62 gun is electrically controlled for elevation and traversing, and is stabilized in elevation. DRACO can be installed on 8x8 wheeled platforms, for combat support operations or convoy defence, as well as on tracked vehicles or on shelters for point defence. The main 76mm/62 gun and the automatic loading system are fully compatible with all in service 76mm rounds and also with 76mm DART guided ammunition. DRACO can be completely controlled by two Operators (the Commander and the Gunner) from a remote position, located inside the hull for mobile installation or inside a protected command shelter for fixed installation.[3]
China: LD-2000edit
The LD-2000 SPAAGM is a Chinese developed land-based close-in weapon system. LD-2000 is based on the Chinese Navy's Type 730 CIWS. In operation, it pairs with a Counter Battery Radar.[4]
Netherlands: Goalkeeperedit
Goalkeeper CIWS is a Dutch close-in weapon system (CIWS) introduced in 1979. It is an autonomous and completely automatic weapon system for short-range defence of ships against highly manoeuvrable missiles, aircraft and fast-manoeuvering surface vessels. Once activated the system automatically undertakes the entire air defence process from surveillance and detection to destruction, including the selection of the next priority target.
Russia: AK-630edit
The AK-630 is a Soviet and Russian fully automatic naval close-in weapon system based on a six-barreled 30 mm rotary cannon. It is mounted in an enclosed automatic turret and directed by MR-123 radar and television detection and tracking. The system's primary purpose is defense against anti-ship missiles and other precision guided weapons. However it can also be employed against fixed or rotary wing aircraft, ships and other small craft, coastal targets, and floating mines.
Directed energy researchedit
The United States has been enhancing its directed-energy weapon capabilities aimed at countering threats posed by missiles. A directed-energy weapon is a ranged weapon system that inflicts damage at a target by the emission of highly focused energy, including laser, microwaves and particle beams. The US Army awarded a $29m contract in 2016 to Kratos Defense & Security Solutions for prototyping of such systems.
The U.S. defense contractor Raytheon is developing a laser-based variation where low cost focused lasers will provide increased range and decreased time-to-intercept over the gun. A proof of concept was demonstrated on a 60 mm mortar round in 2006.[5]
Iron Beam is an air defense system in development by Israeli defense contractorRafael Advanced Defense Systems.[6] Unveiled at the 2014 Singapore Air Show on 11 February,[7] the system is designed to destroy short-range rockets, artillery, and mortars with a range of up to 7 km (4.3 mi), too small for the Iron Dome system to intercept effectively.[6] In addition, the system could also intercept unmanned aerial vehicles.[8] Iron Beam will use a "directed high energy laser beam" to destroy hostile targets with ranges of up to 7 kilometres (4.3 mi).[6][9] Iron Beam will constitute the fifth element of Israel's integrated air defense system,[6] in addition to Arrow 2, Arrow 3, David's Sling, and Iron Dome.[10] However, Iron Beam is also a stand-alone system.[8]
^ abEshel, Tamir (19 January 2014). "RAFAEL Develops a New High Energy Laser Weapon".
^Israeli company to unveil laser defense | UTSanDiego.com
^"Israel's Rafael to Unveil Laser-based Defense System". Haaretz.
^. Australian Army. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
^"Flugabwehrgruppe 61" [Air Defence Group 61] (in German). Luftwaffe (German Air Force). Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^"Air Defense: Chinese C-RAM Gets No Takers". Strategy Page. 6 July 2011.
^. Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 31 March 2009. Other operational commitments are conducted (in the tertiary role) using C-RAM - a new and highly sensitive self defense system which destroys rockets and projectiles in flight. Applicable to Gunner Rapier applicants only.
October 28, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Counter rocket artillery and mortar news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Counter rocket artillery and mortar abbreviated C RAM or counter RAM is a set of systems used to detect and or destroy incoming rockets artillery and mortar rounds in the air before they hit their ground targets or simply provide early warning 2010 test fire of a C RAM Balad IraqNachstbereichschutzsystem MANTIS of the Luftwaffe Contents 1 Types 1 1 United States Land Based Phalanx Weapon System 1 2 Israel Iron Dome 1 3 Germany Nachstbereichschutzsystem MANTIS 1 4 Italy Porcupine 1 5 Italy DRACO 1 6 China LD 2000 1 7 Netherlands Goalkeeper 1 8 Russia AK 630 2 Directed energy research 3 Operating units by country 4 See also 5 ReferencesTypes editUnited States Land Based Phalanx Weapon System edit source A video of a US test fireThe 20mm Land Based Phalanx Weapon System also called C RAM is a land based variant of the U S Navy s Phalanx close in weapon system a radar controlled rapid fire gun for close in protection of vessels from missiles 1 Both use a forward looking infrared FLIR camera to allow their operators to visually identify incoming fire before opening fire But while naval Phalanx systems fire tungsten armor piercing rounds the C RAM uses the 20mm HEIT SD high explosive incendiary tracer self destruct ammunition originally developed for the M163 Vulcan air defense system These rounds explode on impact with the target or on tracer burnout thereby greatly reducing the risk of collateral damage from rounds that fail to hit their target Israel Iron Dome edit Iron Dome is an Israeli missile system featuring multiple target tracking and self guided missile interceptors Due to the ongoing increase of its engagement range and new missile and interception improvements plus surface to air missile capability it has developed into a fully fledged air defence system By November 2012 the system had intercepted over 400 rockets fired into Israel by Gaza Strip militants Based on operational success defense reporter Mark Thompson estimates that Iron Dome is currently the most effective and most tested counter missile system in existence Germany Nachstbereichschutzsystem MANTIS edit Nachstbereichschutzsystem MANTIS is a 35mm fully automated C RAM system produced by Rheinmetall based on Oerlikon s Skyshield It has been in use by the Luftwaffe from 2011 Italy Porcupine edit A typical Porcupine configuration for the Italian Army consists of four firing units one central control post for target designation and weapon control and a 3D radar system track while scan type for surveillance and target tracking Each remote firing unit consists of a 20 mm M61A1 Gatling cannon its ammunition handling system and a stabilised optronic infra red IR tracking system 2 Italy DRACO edit The DRACO is a multipurpose weapon station operating against Air R A M and Surface targets It was designed for the Italian Army by OTO Melara using the Centauro 8x8 wheeled armored vehicle chassis The main armament consists of a high rate of fire 76mm 62 gun with an automatic ammunition loading system the 76mm 62 gun is electrically controlled for elevation and traversing and is stabilized in elevation DRACO can be installed on 8x8 wheeled platforms for combat support operations or convoy defence as well as on tracked vehicles or on shelters for point defence The main 76mm 62 gun and the automatic loading system are fully compatible with all in service 76mm rounds and also with 76mm DART guided ammunition DRACO can be completely controlled by two Operators the Commander and the Gunner from a remote position located inside the hull for mobile installation or inside a protected command shelter for fixed installation 3 China LD 2000 edit The LD 2000 SPAAGM is a Chinese developed land based close in weapon system LD 2000 is based on the Chinese Navy s Type 730 CIWS In operation it pairs with a Counter Battery Radar 4 Netherlands Goalkeeper edit Goalkeeper CIWS is a Dutch close in weapon system CIWS introduced in 1979 It is an autonomous and completely automatic weapon system for short range defence of ships against highly manoeuvrable missiles aircraft and fast manoeuvering surface vessels Once activated the system automatically undertakes the entire air defence process from surveillance and detection to destruction including the selection of the next priority target Russia AK 630 edit The AK 630 is a Soviet and Russian fully automatic naval close in weapon system based on a six barreled 30 mm rotary cannon It is mounted in an enclosed automatic turret and directed by MR 123 radar and television detection and tracking The system s primary purpose is defense against anti ship missiles and other precision guided weapons However it can also be employed against fixed or rotary wing aircraft ships and other small craft coastal targets and floating mines Directed energy research editThe United States has been enhancing its directed energy weapon capabilities aimed at countering threats posed by missiles A directed energy weapon is a ranged weapon system that inflicts damage at a target by the emission of highly focused energy including laser microwaves and particle beams The US Army awarded a 29m contract in 2016 to Kratos Defense amp Security Solutions for prototyping of such systems The U S defense contractor Raytheon is developing a laser based variation where low cost focused lasers will provide increased range and decreased time to intercept over the gun A proof of concept was demonstrated on a 60 mm mortar round in 2006 5 Iron Beam is an air defense system in development by Israeli defense contractor Rafael Advanced Defense Systems 6 Unveiled at the 2014 Singapore Air Show on 11 February 7 the system is designed to destroy short range rockets artillery and mortars with a range of up to 7 km 4 3 mi too small for the Iron Dome system to intercept effectively 6 In addition the system could also intercept unmanned aerial vehicles 8 Iron Beam will use a directed high energy laser beam to destroy hostile targets with ranges of up to 7 kilometres 4 3 mi 6 9 Iron Beam will constitute the fifth element of Israel s integrated air defense system 6 in addition to Arrow 2 Arrow 3 David s Sling and Iron Dome 10 However Iron Beam is also a stand alone system 8 Operating units by country edit nbsp Australia Australian Army 16th Air Land Regiment 11 nbsp Germany German Air Force Air Defence Group 61 of Flugabwehrraketengeschwader 1 operating the MANTIS 12 nbsp Italy Italian Army Currently deploying Porcupine batteries 2 and DRACO multipurpose weapon station 3 nbsp Israel Israel Defense Forces The Israeli Air Defense Command is currently deploying 10 Iron dome batteries nbsp China People s Liberation Army PLA operates LD 2000 C RAM for stationary air defense 13 nbsp United Kingdom British Army 16 Regiment Royal Artillery 14 nbsp United States of America United States Army 5th Battalion 5th Air Defense Artillery Regiment 5 5th ADAR Fort Sill OK HHB 5 5th ADAR A 5 5th ADAR B 5 5th ADAR 2nd Battalion 44th Air Defense Artillery Regiment 2 44th ADAR Fort Campbell KY A 2 44th ADAR B 2 44th ADAR C 2 44th ADAR TF 1 174th CRAM 174th Air Defense Artillery Regiment Ohio National Guard HHB 1 174th A 1 174th B 1 174th C 1 174th D 1 174th B 205th Field Artillery Radar US Navy detachment Phalanx operatorsSee also editCounter battery radarReferences edit Counter Rocket Artillery Mortar C RAM Intercept Land Based Phalanx Weapon System LPWS USAASC Retrieved 13 January 2022 a b PORCUPINE C RAM DETAIL Leonardo Aerospace Defence and Security Otomelara it Archived from the original on 22 October 2015 a b DRACO DETAIL Leonardo Aerospace Defence and Security Otomelara it Archived from the original on 21 December 2015 Retrieved 21 January 2018 Kopp Carlo October 2010 Counter Rocket Artillery Mortar futures PDF Australia Air Power A Laser Phalanx Defense Industry Daily Retrieved 21 January 2018 a b c d Williams Dan 19 January 2014 Israel plans laser interceptor Iron Beam for short range rockets JERUSALEM Reuters Retrieved 21 January 2014 http www rafael co il Marketing 195 1951 en Marketing aspx bare URL a b Eshel Tamir 19 January 2014 RAFAEL Develops a New High Energy Laser Weapon Israeli company to unveil laser defense UTSanDiego com Israel s Rafael to Unveil Laser based Defense System Haaretz 16th Air Land Regiment RAA Australian Army Archived from the original on 29 March 2013 Retrieved 13 September 2012 Flugabwehrgruppe 61 Air Defence Group 61 in German Luftwaffe German Air Force Retrieved 5 September 2017 Air Defense Chinese C RAM Gets No Takers Strategy Page 6 July 2011 Royal Artillery Careers Ministry of Defence Archived from the original on 31 March 2009 Other operational commitments are conducted in the tertiary role using C RAM a new and highly sensitive self defense system which destroys rockets and projectiles in flight Applicable to Gunner Rapier applicants only Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Counter rocket artillery and mortar amp oldid 1181508027, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
