Coryphaenoides rupestris is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the familyMacrouridae. Its common names include the rock grenadier, the roundnose grenadier and the roundhead rat-tail. In France it is known as grenadier de roche and in Spain as granadero de roca. It is a large, deep-water species and is fished commercially in the northern Atlantic Ocean.
The roundnose grenadier is a deep water fish sometimes reaching over a metre (yard) in length. The rounded head is large with a broad snout, the abdomen small and the tail long and tapering to a pointed tip. At the front of the snout there is a blunt, tube-like scute or scale and there is a small barbel under the chin. There are three rows of small teeth at the front of the mouth but only one row at the back. The scales on the body are densely packed and covered with small spines. The dorsal fin has two spines and 8 to 11 soft rays and the pelvic fin has 7 to 8 soft rays, the outer one of which is greatly elongated. The general body colour is brownish-grey but the inside of the mouth, the orbits round the eyes, the gill cavities and the fins are dark brownish black.[3][4]
Distribution
The roundnose grenadier is found in the northern Atlantic Ocean at depths between 400 and 1,200 m (1,300 and 3,900 ft) and occasionally at much greater depths. It tends to spend the summer in deep waters and the winter in shallower locations. Its range normally extends from Baffin Island, Greenland, Iceland and Norway south to the New England Seamounts and North Africa.[3][5] It is found on continental shelves and in the vicinity of seamounts and knolls.[2]
Biology
The roundnose grenadier sometimes forms dense shoals at depths of about 600 to 900 metres (2,000 to 3,000 ft).[4] It makes a daily vertical migration, returning later to the seabed where it feeds on small invertebrates including shrimps, amphipods and cumaceans, and to a lesser extent, cephalopods and various fishes, including lanternfishes.[3] The roundnose grenadier is a batch spawner [3] and is believed to migrate to the vicinity of Iceland to spawn in late summer or autumn.[4] The females reach maturity when they are nine to eleven years old and the males when they are rather younger.[6] Up to 35,000 eggs can be produced at a time.[4]
Fishery
Commercial fishing for the roundnose grenadier started in the 1960s. The former USSR, Poland, and the German Democratic Republic were the main countries involved, sending factory ships to undertake midwater trawls in the Atlantic Ocean. Catches peaked at over 80,000 tonnes (88,000 short tons) in 1971. More recently, French and Spanish vessels have predominated and the total annual catch has been under 20,000 tonnes (22,000 short tons) in most years since 1980.[4] The flesh of the fish is white with a pleasant texture and is sold as seafood.[4] In 2010 in the United Kingdom, the roundnose grenadier was listed as a "UK Priority Species" for conservation purposes on the grounds that it is a long-lived fish taking many years to mature and that numbers were declining. It was suggested that if no actions to conserve the fish were taken, it would become extinct within the next 10 years.[7]
References
^Iwamoto, T. (2015). "Coryphaenoides rupestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T15522149A15603540. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T15522149A15603540.en.
^ abcdefSpecies fact sheet: Coryphaenoides rupestris (Gunnerus, 1765) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 2012-05-04
^Moore, J.A.; Vecchione, M.; Collette, B. B.; Gibbons, R.; Hartel, K. E.; Galbraithe, J. K.; Turnipseed, M.; Southworth, M.; Watkins, E. (2003). (PDF). Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science. 31: 363–372. doi:10.2960/J.v31.a28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-03.
^Kelly, C. J.; Connolly, P. L.; Bracken, J. J. (1997). "Age estimation, growth, maturity and distribution of the roundnose grenadier from the Rockall trough". Journal of Fish Biology. 50 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01336.x.
coryphaenoides, rupestris, species, marine, finned, fish, family, macrouridae, common, names, include, rock, grenadier, roundnose, grenadier, roundhead, tail, france, known, grenadier, roche, spain, granadero, roca, large, deep, water, species, fished, commerc. Coryphaenoides rupestris is a species of marine ray finned fish in the family Macrouridae Its common names include the rock grenadier the roundnose grenadier and the roundhead rat tail In France it is known as grenadier de roche and in Spain as granadero de roca It is a large deep water species and is fished commercially in the northern Atlantic Ocean Coryphaenoides rupestrisConservation statusCritically Endangered IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder GadiformesFamily MacrouridaeSubfamily MacrourinaeGenus CoryphaenoidesSpecies C rupestrisBinomial nameCoryphaenoides rupestrisGunnerus 1765 2 Synonyms 2 Coryphaena rupestris Gunnerus 1765 Coryphaenoides Coryphaenoides rupestrisGunnerus 1765 Coryphaenoides norvegicus Nilsson 1832 Ledipoleprus norvegicusNilsson 1832 Macrourus stroemiiReinhardt 1825 Macrurus norvegicus Nilsson 1832 Macrurus rupestris Gunnerus 1765 Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Biology 4 Fishery 5 ReferencesDescription EditThe roundnose grenadier is a deep water fish sometimes reaching over a metre yard in length The rounded head is large with a broad snout the abdomen small and the tail long and tapering to a pointed tip At the front of the snout there is a blunt tube like scute or scale and there is a small barbel under the chin There are three rows of small teeth at the front of the mouth but only one row at the back The scales on the body are densely packed and covered with small spines The dorsal fin has two spines and 8 to 11 soft rays and the pelvic fin has 7 to 8 soft rays the outer one of which is greatly elongated The general body colour is brownish grey but the inside of the mouth the orbits round the eyes the gill cavities and the fins are dark brownish black 3 4 Distribution EditThe roundnose grenadier is found in the northern Atlantic Ocean at depths between 400 and 1 200 m 1 300 and 3 900 ft and occasionally at much greater depths It tends to spend the summer in deep waters and the winter in shallower locations Its range normally extends from Baffin Island Greenland Iceland and Norway south to the New England Seamounts and North Africa 3 5 It is found on continental shelves and in the vicinity of seamounts and knolls 2 Biology EditThe roundnose grenadier sometimes forms dense shoals at depths of about 600 to 900 metres 2 000 to 3 000 ft 4 It makes a daily vertical migration returning later to the seabed where it feeds on small invertebrates including shrimps amphipods and cumaceans and to a lesser extent cephalopods and various fishes including lanternfishes 3 The roundnose grenadier is a batch spawner 3 and is believed to migrate to the vicinity of Iceland to spawn in late summer or autumn 4 The females reach maturity when they are nine to eleven years old and the males when they are rather younger 6 Up to 35 000 eggs can be produced at a time 4 Fishery EditCommercial fishing for the roundnose grenadier started in the 1960s The former USSR Poland and the German Democratic Republic were the main countries involved sending factory ships to undertake midwater trawls in the Atlantic Ocean Catches peaked at over 80 000 tonnes 88 000 short tons in 1971 More recently French and Spanish vessels have predominated and the total annual catch has been under 20 000 tonnes 22 000 short tons in most years since 1980 4 The flesh of the fish is white with a pleasant texture and is sold as seafood 4 In 2010 in the United Kingdom the roundnose grenadier was listed as a UK Priority Species for conservation purposes on the grounds that it is a long lived fish taking many years to mature and that numbers were declining It was suggested that if no actions to conserve the fish were taken it would become extinct within the next 10 years 7 References Edit Iwamoto T 2015 Coryphaenoides rupestris IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 e T15522149A15603540 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 4 RLTS T15522149A15603540 en a b c Bailly Nicolas 2011 Bailly N ed Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunnerus 1765 FishBase World Register of Marine Species Retrieved 2012 05 01 a b c d Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunnerus 1765 FishBase Retrieved 2012 05 04 a b c d e f Species fact sheet Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunnerus 1765 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Retrieved 2012 05 04 Moore J A Vecchione M Collette B B Gibbons R Hartel K E Galbraithe J K Turnipseed M Southworth M Watkins E 2003 Biodiversity of Bear Seamount New England Seamount Chain Results of exploratory trawling PDF Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science 31 363 372 doi 10 2960 J v31 a28 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 12 03 Kelly C J Connolly P L Bracken J J 1997 Age estimation growth maturity and distribution of the roundnose grenadier from the Rockall trough Journal of Fish Biology 50 1 1 17 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8649 1997 tb01336 x UK Priority Species Coryphaenoides rupestris Joint Nature Conservation Committee Retrieved 2012 05 05 Retrieved from https en 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